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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the number one prescribed medication in the US in 2010? |
Prilosec and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) |
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How long is the GI tract? |
15 feet long |
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List the Upper GI components |
Moth, Pharynx, esophagus, and the stomach |
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Lower GI components |
Small and Large Intestines |
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Name the GI tract specialized pacemaker cells |
Interstitial cells of Cajal - they control smooth muscle activity |
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Horomones with control of the GI tract |
Gastrin - hormone released to stimulate digestion and production of HCl in the stomach Cholecystokinin - stimulates the secretion and production of bile to break down proteins and fats Secretin - hormone responsible water homeostasis in the body |
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Acetylcholine |
Nonpeptide that excites the nervous system |
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Serotonin |
nonpeptide that excites the motor activity of the nervous system |
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ATP |
nonpeptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Dopamine |
nonpeptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Nitric Oxide |
nonpeptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Enkephalins |
A peptide that excites the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Gastrin-releasing peptide |
A peptide that excites the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Neruopeptide Y |
A peptide that excites the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Substance P |
A peptide that excites the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Gastric inhibitory peptide |
A peptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Somatostatin |
A peptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
A peptide that inhibits the motor activity of the nervous system |
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Vagus Nerve |
Nerve line that carries Parasympathetic impulses throughout the body |
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Splanchnic Nerves |
Nerve line that carries most sympathetic impulses |
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Saliva Components |
water, electrolytes, and proteins secrete 1-2L per day |
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Functions of saliva |
-moisten food for swallowing -initiate digestion of CHO -provide antibacterial protection with lysozymes -enhance taste -serve as buffer (pH=6.8) -promotes oral hygiene by digesting stuff -assists speech by allowing free movement of lips and tongue |
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What keeps food in the stomach? (instead of floating back up?) |
Peristalsis, voluntary swallowing, sphincters, and pressure (esophagus pressure is greater than stomach pressure) |
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lower esophageal sphincter |
controls bolus from esophagus to stomach |
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Motility is regulated by: |
Autocrine, paracrine, and the nervous system |
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four functions of the Upper GI |
Motility, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption |
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Saliva Production Spots |
Parotid Gland, Submandibular Gland, and the Sublingual Gland |
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Nutrition Interventions for Stomatitis |
- Frequent Rinsing - Adjust texture and temperatures as tolerated - Avoid carbonation, caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco - Oral Glutamine supplementation |
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MNT for Xerostomia |
- Artificial saliva products - Drink lots of water - Suck on candy - Chew sugarless gum - Moisten foods with broths and such - Eat soft moist food - Avoid salty food, and high sugar foods - Avoid Alcohol and caffeine |
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Common Diagnoses for Oral Cavity Conditions |
Inadequate oral food/beverage intake Inadequate fluid intake Inadequate protein-energy intake Biting/chewing difficulty Swallowing difficulty Involuntary weight loss |
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Nutrition Interventions for Oral Cavity Conditions |
Modify amounts of foods Texture modification Consume liquids with meals Modify temperatures and spices Adequate hydration Good Oral Hygiene |
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Achalasia |
LES not opening properly to the stomach |
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GERD |
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - backward flow of stomach/duodenal contents into the esophagus |
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Etiology of GERD |
- Reduced LES pressure (tone) - Decreased gastric motility - Increased abdominal pressure |
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Symptoms of GERD |
Frequent heartburn or burping after eating Sour-tasting fluid in your mouth Dysphagia/odynophagia(difficulty/painful swallowing)
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Esophageal Stricture |
Complication of GERD, narrowing and tightening of the esophagus |
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Esophagitis |
inflammation of esophagus, Complication of GERD |
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Barrett's Esophagus |
When esophagus cells turn into intestinal cells, complication of GERD |
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MNT for GERD |
Watch Dietary Intake Talk about weight loss Talk about lifestyle factors |
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4 Basic functions of the GI |
Motility, Secretion, Digestion, Absorption |
