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76 Cards in this Set
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Activated Charcoal
- Antidote |
Type: Adsorbent + laxative
Actions: Binds w/poison in the stomach to decrease absorption of the poison into the body Indications: toxic ingestion |
Dose/Route: varies, 25-100G +H20
SE: Constipation; abd pain; constipation; vomiting; diarrhea; temporary darkening of the stool; vomiting AE: Avoid with corrosives, caustics, petroleum products, GIB |
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Adenosine (Adenocard)
- Endogenous nucleoside |
Type: Antidysrhythmic
Actions: Adenosine slows conduction time through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node, and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients PSVT, including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. |
Dose/Route:
SE: lighheadedness, paresthesias, SOB, cp, sense of impending doom, transient -> prolonged asystole, possible VF AE: death, complications with digoxin use, with heart blocks or SSS Drug Interactions: - Antagonized by methylxanthines (caffeine & theophylline) - Potentiated by Dipyridamole - Potentiated AV-nodal blocking by Carbamazepine |
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Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
- Bronchodilator, Beta2 Agonist, Sympathomimetic |
Type: Bronchodilator, Beta2 Agonist, Sympathomimetic
Actions: Relaxes bronchial & peripheral vascular smooth muscles Indications: Bronchospasms (prevention and/or relief) |
Dose/Route: 2.5mg/3mL nebulizer; MDI: 90mcg/metered spray
SE: Restlessness, apprehension, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias AE: May precipitate angina or dysrhythmias. Avoid if hx of cardiac dysrhythmias or hypersensitivity with albuterol. |
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Amiodarone (Cordarone)
- Antidysrhythmic, multiple mechanisms of action |
Type: Antidysrhythmic
Actions: prolongs action potential & refractory period Indications: prevent or treat VF, VT |
Dose/Route: varies by use 300mg IV initial dose in arrest;
SE:/AE: hypotension, headache, dizziness, bradycardia, AV conduction abnormalities, flushing, abn sensations Contraindications: Pulmonary congestion; cardiogenic shock; hypotension; sensitivity |
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Aspirin (ASA)
- |
Type: Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic, Antiplatelet
Actions: blocks pain impulses in CNS, dilates peripheral vessels, impairs platelet aggregation Indications: pain, fever, ischemia, thromboembolism, USA, MI |
Dose/Route: varies by use 325-650mg PO (pain, fever); 160-325mg (MI)
Effects: Stomach irritation, heartburn or indigestion, n/v, allergic rxn; decreased effect with antacids and steroids, can aggravate asthma OD: respiratory distress, fever, confusion, TINNITUS Contraindications: GIB, active ulcer, hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding disorders, children with flu-like symptoms |
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Atropine
- Parasympatholytic |
Type: Anticholinergic
Actions: blocks vagal effects -> increased HR and AV conduction; inhibits salivary & bronchial secretion Indications: symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate or nerve gas poisoning, bronchospasms Indications: - Bradycardia (increase heart rate) - Second and third degree heart block (improve conduction) - PEA / Asystole - Insecticide exposures (e.g. anti-cholinesterases, organophosphates) and nerve gas exposure. - For bradycardia not due to hypoxia when using Succinylcholine. |
BRADYCARDIA: 0.5 mg - 1.0 mg, IV/IO
(every 3-5 min. Max -3 mg IV) PEA /ASYSTOLE: 1.0 mg IV/IO, 2.0 mg ET, (every 3-5 min. Max -3 mg IV, 4 mg ET) ORGANOPHOSPHATES: 1.0 - 2.0 mg, IV/IO SE: tachycardia, paradoxical brady when pushed too slow or under dosed; palpitations, dysrhythmias, HA, dizziness, anticholinergic effects, n/v, flushed, hot dry skin Contraindications: tachycardia, hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, thyrotoxicosis; Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (increased conduction may speed ventricular rate excessively.) Not used in neonatal resuscitation. |
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Calcium Choride 10%
Calcium Gluconate 10% |
Type: Electrolyte
Actions: Enables muscular contractility and blood coagulation Indications: Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, calcium channel blocker toxicity, hypermagnesemia *also: treatment of Hydrogen Fluoride exposure |
Dose/Route: 2-4mg/kg (usually 1-2G) slow IVP
Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, possible asystole, hypotension, metallic taste, severe localized necrosis and sloughing after IV infiltration or IM May worsen dysrhythmias with digitalis Contraindications: Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria (hyperthyroidism, Vitamin D overdose, bone metastases), VF, Digitalis toxicity (^^?!), renal or cardiac disease |
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Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
|
Type: Antibiotic
Actions: Indications: Respiratory Tract Infections: Due to S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Urinary Tract Infections: Due to E. coli, P. mirabilis. Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Due to S. aureus (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), S. pyogenes, and other strains of streptococci. Biliary Tract Infections: Due to E. coli, various strains of streptococci, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus. Bone And Joint Infections: Due to S. aureus. Genital Infections: (i.e., prostatitis, epididymitis) Due to E. coli, P. mirabilis. Septicemia: Due to S. pneumoniae, S. aureus (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), P. mirabilis, E. coli. Endocarditis: Due to S. aureus (including beta-lactamase-producing strains) and S. pyogenes. |
Dose/Route: varies by use- 250mg-1G every 6-8 or 12 hrs for most infections
Special mixing method for IV administration. Adverse E: Diarrhea, oral candidiasis (oral thrush), vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps, anorexia and pseudomembranous colitis. Contraindications: Sensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins |
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Clopidogrel (Plavix)
|
Type: Anticoagulant
Actions: Prevents platelet aggregation Indications: prevent/minimize clotting in MI, CVA |
Dose/Route: Home: 75mg PO,
(UA/NSTEMI): Initial: 300 mg loading dose, followed by 75 mg once daily for 1 to 12 months (in combination with aspirin 75 to 162 mg once daily indefinitely). (PCI) for UA/NSTEMI or STEMI: Loading dose: 300 to 600 mg (600 mg may be preferred for early invasive strategy with UA/NSTEMI) given as early as possible before or at the time of PCI followed by 75 mg once daily. Adverse Effects: uncontrolled, unusual bleeding & bruising, chest pain/heaviness, sudden numbness or weakness, sudden HA, confusion, vision changes, neuro changes, pale or jaundiced skin, fever, itching Contraindications: Bleeding or clotting disorders; hx of CVA/TIA, stomach ulcer or ulcerative colitis, kidney disease. Multiple med interactions |
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Clorazepate (Tranzene)
|
Type: Benzodiazepene
Actions: Indications: anxiety disorders, partial seizures, or alcohol withdrawal symptoms, off-label uses |
Dose/Route:
SE: confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior; depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself; muscle twitching, tremor; or problems with urination. Contraindications: sensitivity to benzos, pregnancy, EtOH |
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Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
|
TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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Dexamethasone (Decadron)
|
TYPE: Antiinflammatory
ACTIONS: allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders. Off-brand. INDICATIONS: - Moderate to severe asthma/COPD - Severe allergic reaction. - Croup |
DOSE/ROUTE:
RESP. DISTRESS, SEVERE ALLERGIC RXN / ANAPHYLAXIS: 10 mg IV/IO, IM, or PO. PEDIATRIC: 0.3 mg/kg IV, IO, IM or PO. ADVERSE EFFECTS: vision problems; swelling, rapid weight gain, SOB; seizure (convulsions); bloody or tarry stools, hemoptysis; pancreatitis; low potassium; or dangerously high blood pressure,uneven heartbeats. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to corticosteroids. |
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Dextrose 50%
|
TYPE: Hypertonic solution
ACTIONS: Fluid and nutrient replenishment INDICATIONS: Hypoglycemia; Unconscious patient when history is unobtainable. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
HYPOGLYCEMIA (ALTERED MENTAL STATUS): 25 g (50 cc) slow IV PEDIATRIC DOSING * (may repeat once) Patients greater than 10 kg: 1 ml / kg of D50% (max of 50 ml.) Patients less than 10 kg: 2 ml / kg of D25% ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: CVA s/s with normal BGL is a relative contraindication intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage is present, nor in the presence of delirium tremens if the patient is already dehydrated. Dextrose injection without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur. |
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Diazepam (Valium)
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TYPE: Benzodiazepine
ACTIONS: Anxiolytic, anti-seizure INDICATIONS: Anxiety, EtOH withdrawal, seizures, premed prior to TCP or cardioversion |
DOSE/ROUTE: varies
SEIZURE: 5mg over 2mins (max of 10mg) q 10-15 CARDIOVERSION/TCP: 5-15mg IV ADVERSE EFFECTS: Hypotension; Reflex tachycardia, resp depression, ataxia, psychomotor impairment, confusion, nausea CONTRAINDICATIONS: Coma, shock, CNS depression, resp depression |
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Dicyclomine (Bentyl, Dibent, Dicyclocot)
|
TYPE: Antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent.
ACTIONS: relieves smooth muscle spasms of the muscles in the stomach and intestines. INDICATIONS: Functional bowel or irritable bowel syndrome. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 80-160 mg per day (in 4 equally divided doses) x2wks. ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Dry Mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, lightheadedness, drowsiness, weakness, nervousness - Rare reports of dependency and/or abuse for its anticholinergic effects CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Evidence of prior hypersensitivity to Dicyclomine hydrochloride or other ingredients in this formulation, obstructive uropathy, obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract, severe ulcerative colitis, reflux esophagitis, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, infants less than 6 months of age, nursing mothers |
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Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
TYPE: Calcium Channel Blocker or Antagonist
ACTIONS: slows conductions, increases AV node refractoriness, coronary and peripheral vasodilaton INDICATIONS: A-fib, A-flutter, MAT, PSVT |
DOSE/ROUTE: varies on use
0.25mg/kg over 2mins ADVERSE EFFECTS: A-flutter, 1&2nd AVB, brady, hypotension, cp, CHF, V dysrhythmia, dry mouth, dyspnea, HA CONTRAINDICATIONS: SSS, 2nd or 3rd degree, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, WPW or short PR syndrome, IV beta blockers, VT, WCT, AMI |
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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TYPE: Antihistamine
ACTIONS: blocks the effects of the histamine in the body. INDICATIONS: - second-line drug in anaphylaxis and severe allergic reactions (after epinephrine). - acute dystonic and dysphoric reactions to anti-psychotic drugs. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ANAPHYLAXIS: 1 mg / kg to a max of 50 mg, IV or deep IM ADVERSE/SIDE EFFECTS: blocks the effects of the naturally occurring chemical histamine in the body. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Taking MAOI; narrow angle glaucoma; newborn & nursing |
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Diprivan (Propofol)
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TYPE: Sedative-hypnotic
ACTIONS: - induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation. INDICATIONS: anaesthesia and sedation |
DOSE/ROUTE: Determined by physician/anaesthesiologist
ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Vasodilation -> hypotension, apnea, pain on injection, especially in smaller veins, dystonia, mild myoclonic movements. - Propofol Infusion Syndrome: metabolic derangements and organ system failures, characterized by severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, lipemia, rhabdomyolysis, hepatomegaly, cardiac and renal failure. - *Has NOT been known to trigger malignant hyperpyrexia.* CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Hypersensitivity, allergies to eggs, egg products, soybeans or soy products. |
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Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
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TYPE: Sympathomimetic
ACTIONS: - Synthetic catecholamine that stimulates beta1, has much less effect on beta 2 and alpha adrenergic receptors --> +inotropic, w/minimal chronotropic or systemic vascular resistance INDICATIONS: - CHF - Left ventricular dysfunction |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 2.5-10mcg/kg/min (max 40mcg/kg/min) ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Headache, dose-related tachydysrhythmias, hypertension, ventricular ectopy CONTRAINDICATIONS: - tachydysrhythmias (AF, AFlutter), severe hypotension, IHSS |
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Dopamine (Intropin)
|
TYPE: Sympathomimetic
ACTIONS: - Acts on alpha1 and beta1 receptors, dose-dependent systemic effects INDICATIONS: - Hypotension associated with cardiogenic shock |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 1-5/5-20mcg/kg/min ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Dose-related tachydysrhythmias, hypertension, increased myocardial oxygen demand CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
|
TYPE: Sympathomimetic
ACTIONS: - stimulates alpha, beta1, and beta2 receptors -> vasoconstriction, relieve bronchial smooth muscles and increase blood pressure INDICATIONS: - bronchial asthma, acute allergic reaction/anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, profound systemic bradycardia |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- varied depending on use ADVERSE EFFECTS: - headache, nausea, restlessness, weakness, dysrhythmias (including VT and VF), hypertension, precipitation of angina, tachycardia CONTRAINDICATIONS: - hypersensitivity (relative contraindication), hypovolemic shock, coronary insufficiency |
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+ Etomidate (Amidate)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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Furosemide (Lasix)
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TYPE: Diuretic
ACTIONS: decreases sodium and H2O reabsorption in ascending limb of loop of Henle INDICATIONS: CHF, pulmonary edema |
DOSE/ROUTE:
PO: 20-40mg/dose IV: 40-80mg/dose ADVERSE EFFECTS: Hypotension, electrolyte imbalance(s) -> EKG disturbances, hearing loss if administered too fast CONTRAINDICATIONS: Anuria, hypovolemia/dehydration, severe electrolyte depletion |
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Glucagon
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TYPE: Pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist
ACTIONS: - released by alpha cells of pancreas -> elevate blood sugar by increasing breakdown of liver glycogen to glucose INDICATIONS: - persistent hypoglycemia despite glucose supplementation, - unable to administer glucose by other means |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 0.5-1mg IM, may repeat in 7-10mins ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Tachycardia, hypotension, n/v, urticaria CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity |
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Glycoprotein Inhibitors (Aggrastat, Integrilin, ReoPro)
|
TYPE: Anti-platelet drugs
ACTIONS: - Prevent platelet aggregation/blood clot formation INDICATIONS: Unstable angina, PCI |
DOSE/ROUTE:
varies by use and particular drug ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Abnormal bleeding, decreased platelet count CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity, bleeding disorders |
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Haloperidol (Haldol)
|
TYPE: Antipsychotic
ACTIONS: - Mental illness (schizophrenia), behavioral problems, agitation INDICATIONS: - Mental illness (schizophrenia), behavioral problems, agitation |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- oral varies by patient - 2-5mg IM ADVERSE EFFECTS: - drowsiness, tachycardia, dry mouth, insomnia, visual changes, muscle stiffness, dystonia, arrhythmia, sexual dysfunction, cardiac dysrhytmias including VF, VT, TDP - potentially fatal potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome and QT prolongation CONTRAINDICATIONS: - hypersensitivity, cardiac disease, alcohol or other CNS depressants |
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+ Heparin (LMWH)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) |
TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Heparin (Unfractionated)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Insulin
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Ipratropium (Atrovent)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Keflex
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Ketamine (Ketalar)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Ketorolac (Toradol)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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- Levaquin
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Lidocaine
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Lorazepam
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Magnesium sulfate
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Mannitol
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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- Meclizine (Antivert)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Metoprolol (Lopressor)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Metaproterenol (Alupent/Metaprel)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Methylprednisolone
(Solu-Medrol) |
TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Metoclopramide (Reglan)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Midazolam (Versed)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Morphine Sulfate
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Naloxone (Narcan)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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+ Nitroglycerin
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
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+ Nitrous Oxide
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Olazapine (Zyprexa)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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-Ondansetron (Zofran)
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Opthaine / Tetracaine
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TYPE:
ACTIONS: INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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- Oxycodone (Percocet)
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TYPE: Opioid analgesic
ACTIONS: Decreased sensory neurons' ability to propagate pain impulses to spinal cord and brain INDICATIONS: Chronic pain |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 10-30mg orally QD for initial or maintenance - Cancer pain: 20-240mg controlled released QD ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Drowsiness, constipation, n/v, itching, urine retention, especially with BPH, respiratory depression, coma CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to oxycodone or its ingredients |
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Pantoprazole (Protonix)
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TYPE: Proton pump inhibitor
ACTIONS: - reduced acids produced in stomach -> healing and maintenance of errosive esophagitis, relief of heartburn symptoms INDICATIONS: -erosive esophagitis, long-term heartburn, and other conditions involving excess stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
40mg QD (x8wks for healing or ongoing for maintenance) ADVERSE EFFECTS: - headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, dizziness, arthralgia CONTRAINDICATIONS: - allergy to drug ingredients, on anticoagulants, pediatric |
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Prednisone
|
TYPE: Corticosteroid
ACTIONS: - prevents release of substances that cause inflammation. INDICATIONS: - used to treat many different conditions such as allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 5 mg to 60 mg per day ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Common side effects: Difficulty sleeping; feeling of a whirling motion; increased appetite; increased sweating; indigestion; mood changes; nervousness. CONTRAINDICATIONS: - systemic fungal infections and known hypersensitivity. |
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Prochloreperazine (Compazine)
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TYPE: Dopamine antagonist
ACTIONS: Anti-emetic, antipsychotic INDICATIONS: - Nausea, vomiting secondary to neoplastic disease, radiation sickness, opioids, cytotoxic drugs and general anaesthetics - treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. It is also used to treat anxiety |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- N/V: (1) 5-10mg oral or deep IM q 3-4hrs up to 40mg QD; 25mg BID PR; 2.5-10mg slow IVP - similar for other usages ADVERSE EFFECTS: extrapyramidal reaction, sedation *Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS),* CONTRAINDICATIONS: - hypersensitivity to phenothiazines. - comatose states or in the presence of large amounts of central nervous system depressants; under 2 years of age or under 20 lbs. |
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Promethazine (Phenergan)
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TYPE: Antihistamine
ACTIONS: Anti-emetic INDICATIONS: - Motion sickness, med side effects, chemotherapy, morning sickness -Anaphylaxis, allergic Reaction, allergic rhinitis, light sedation, motion sickness, opiate adjunct, urticaria, sedation, vertigo |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- IV:12.5-25mg - PO: 25mg q 4-6hrs - IM: 25-50mg VERY SLOW, VERY PAINFUL! - PR: 12.5-25mg ADVERSE EFFECTS: - extrapyramidal reaction, sedation, tardive dyskinesia; confusion in the elderly; drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, more rarely vertigo; dry mouth; respiratory depression in patients under age of 2 and in those with severely compromised pulmonary function; constipation; chest discomfort/pressure. (typically in cases when patient is already taking medication for high blood pressure); euphoria (very rare, except with high IV doses and/or coadministration with opioids/CNS depressants); akathisia; aresthesia; short temper/Irritability Rare: Seizures, neuroleptic malignant syndrome CONTRAINDICATIONS: - less than 2yrs old; hypersensitivity |
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Racemic Epinephrine (microNEFRIN)
|
TYPE: Sympathomimetic
ACTIONS: -bronchodilator, beta2 stimulant, alleviates bronchospasms, increases vital capacity, reduces airway resistance; reducing laryngeal edema; inhibits histamine release INDICATIONS: - bronchial asthma, bronchospasms, croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), laryngeal edema |
DOSE/ROUTE:
Nebulizer: 5mL (1%): 5mL NS over 15mins ADVERSE EFFECTS: - tachycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac irritability CONTRAINDICATIONS: - hypertension, underlying cardiovascular disease, epiglottitis |
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Rocephin
|
TYPE: Cephalosporin antibiotic
ACTIONS: Fights infection INDICATIONS: various infections |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- varies, IV or IM administration ADVERSE EFFECTS: - diarrhea that is watery or bloody; fever or chills; skin rash, bruising, severe tingling, numbness, pain, muscle weakness; blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; white patches or sores inside mouth or lips; pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, confusion or weakness; urinating less than usual or not at all; swelling, pain, or irritation where the injection was given; or chalky-colored stools, stomach pain just after eating a meal, nausea, heartburn, bloating, and severe upper stomach pain that may spread to your back. CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins |
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Sodium bicarbonate
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TYPE: Buffer, alkalinizing agent, electrolyte supplement
ACTIONS: - buffer metabolic acidosis INDICATIONS: - TCA OD, ROSC, prolonged cardiac arrest, specific intoxications, DKA |
DOSE/ROUTE:
1mEq/kg IV ADVERSE EFFECTS: Metabolic acidosis, hypoxia, rise in intracellular PCO2 -> increased tissue acidosis, hypernatremia, seizures, tissue sloughing at injection site CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
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Succinylcholine (Anectine)
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TYPE: Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
ACTIONS: - Quick onset, briefest duration of this class of drugs - Paralytic for RSI, cardioversion or defibrillation, terminating laryngospasm, muscle relaxation - Binds acetylcholine receptors INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- 0.3-1.1 mg/kg (25-75mg) over 10-30 sec IV; 0.04-0.07mg/kg to maintain relaxation ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Can cause fasciculations and some muscle contractions - Hypotension, respiratory depression, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, excessive salivation, MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, can exacerbate hyperK+ in hours post-trauma CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Acute trauma, hypersensitivity, skeletal muscle myopathies, inability to control airway, personal or family hx of malignant hyperthermia, acute rhabomyolysis |
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Terbutaline
|
TYPE: bronchodilator
ACTIONS: - relaxes smooth muscles in airway INDICATIONS: - bronchospasms associated with airway disease |
DOSE/ROUTE:
ADVERSE EFFECTS: - allergic reaction, chest pain, dysrhythmia, headache; dizziness or lightheadedness; insomnia; tremor or nervousness; sweating; nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; or dry mouth. CONTRAINDICATIONS: tocolysis, hypersensitivity |
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Tetanus
|
TYPE: Immunizing agent
ACTIONS: Provide immunity to tetanus INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- adult (TT): 0.5mL IM, boosters every 10yrs ADVERSE EFFECTS: - rare: dyspnea, urticaria, ALOC, fatigue, seizures, fever, headache, severe vomiting, aches, localized seizures CONTRAINDICATIONS: - allergy, fever, severe illness or infection |
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Thiamine (Betaxin)
- Vitamin B1 |
ACTIONS: Restore Vitamin B1 to therapeutic levels
INDICATIONS: - Thiamine deficiency, beriberi - Wernicke’s encephalopathy, infantile beriberi with acute collapse, cardiovascular disease due to thiamine deficiency, or neuritis of pregnancy if vomiting is severe. - When giving IV dextrose to individuals with marginal thiamine status to avoid precipitation of heart failure. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- beriberi:10 to 20 mg IM TID x2wks - severe infantile beriberi 25 mg may cautiously be given IV - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: 100 mg IV initially, followed by IM doses of 50 to 100 mg daily. - marginal thiamine status to whom dextrose is being administered should receive 100 mg thiamine hydrochloride in each of the first few liters of IV fluid to avoid precipitating heart failure. ADVERSE EFFECTS: blue colored lips; chest pain, dyspnea; black, bloody, or tarry stools; hematemesis; hemoptysis; nausea, tight feeling in throat; sweating, feeling warm; mild rash or itching; feeling restless; or tenderness or a hard lump where a thiamine injection was given. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity |
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Usasyn (ampicillin and sulbactam)
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TYPE: Antibiotic
ACTIONS: Fights infection INDICATIONS: Certain skin, intra-abdominal, or vaginal infections. |
DOSE/ROUTE:
1.5-3G per 6 hrs via IV infusion or *diluted* IM injection. ADVERSE EFFECTS: fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash; diarrhea that is watery or bloody; or fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bloating, gas; vaginal itching or discharge; headache; itching; swollen, black, or "hairy" tongue; thrush (white patches or inside your mouth or throat); or pain, swelling, or other irritation where the needle is placed. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Sensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins |
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Vancomycin
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TYPE: Antibiotic
ACTIONS: - fight infection INDICATIONS: - serious infections resistant to other antibiotics |
DOSE/ROUTE:
-The usual daily intravenous dose is 2 g divided either as 500 mg every 6 hours or 1 g every 12 hours. Each dose should be administered at no more than 10 mg/min or over a period of at least 60 minutes, whichever is longer. Other patient factors, such as age or obesity, may call for modification of the usual intravenous daily dose. ADVERSE EFFECTS: hearing loss, tinnitus; dysuria/anuria;fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; light-headedness, fainting; skin rash, redness, bruising, severe tingling, numbness, pain, muscle weakness; or severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody; dizziness; nausea; back pain; or muscle pain or tightness *During or soon after rapid infusion of vancomycin, patients may develop anaphylactoid reactions. Rapid infusion may also cause flushing of the upper body (“red neck”) or pain and muscle spasm of the chest and back. These reactions usually resolve within 20 minutes but may persist for several hours. Such events are infrequent if vancomycin is given by a slow infusion over 60 minutes. In studies of normal volunteers, infusion-related events did not occur when vancomycin was administered at a rate of 10 mg/min or less* CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Hypersensitivity - If solution contains dextrose, can cause reaction in those with corn allergies or sensitivity |
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Vasopressin
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TYPE: Posterior Pituitary Hormone
ACTIONS: - "Anti-diuretic hormone" - reduces diuresis, helps kidneys reabsorb water in the body. - At high doses, stimulates contraction of smooth muscle causing vasoconstriction, increased peristaltic activity, and gall-bladder contractions. INDICATIONS: - neurogenic diabetes insipidus - postoperative abdominal distention - facilitation of abdominal roentgenography (gotta look that up) |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- Varies SQ, IM, or IV administration - IM / SQ 5 to 10 unit 2 or 3 times daily PRN. IN solution may be given on cotton pledgets, by nasal spray, or dropper. IM 5 unit initially; subsequent injections every 3-4hrs PRN. May increase the dose to 10 unit if necessary. IV Infuse initially at 0.2 to 0.4 unit/min and increase to 0.9 unit/min PRN. ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Angina; abdominal cramps; nausea; vomiting; gas; gangrene; ischemic colitis; tissue necrosis (with extravasation); allergic reaction (cardiac arrest, tremor, vertigo, sweating). CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity |
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Vercuronium (Norcuron)
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TYPE:
- Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent ACTIONS: - For sustained neuromuscular blockade in the intubated patient. - First line agent for Rapid Sequence Induction in the patient where Succinylcholine is contraindicated. INDICATIONS: |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- Initial dose: 0/8-0.1 mg / kg, IV/IO with maintenance infusions ADVERSE EFFECTS: - ongoing muscle weakness or paralysis -> respiratory insufficiency or apnea light-headedness; itching. - Anaphylaxis CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Hypersensitivity |
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Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
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TYPE: Calcium Channel Blocker
ACTIONS: - Antihypertensive, Antidysrhythmic, Anti-anginal - Inhibits movement of Ca+ ions across cell membranes; decreases atrial automaticity, reduces AV conduction velocity, and prolongs AV nodal refractory period, depresses myocardial contractility, reduces vascular smooth muscle tone, dilates coronary arteries and arterioles in normal and ischemic tissues. - Prevents vasoconstriction and coronary artery spasms, - May decrease heart rate INDICATIONS: - Hyper |
DOSE/ROUTE: 2.5-5.0mg IV bolus over 1-3mins (initial adult dose)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Dizziness, headache, n/v, hypotension, bradycardia, complete AV block, peripheral edema CONTRAINDICATIONS: - SSS, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, sinus brady, hypotension, cardiogenic shock, severe CHF, WPW w/AF or AFlutter, on IV beta blockers, WCTs |
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- Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
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TYPE: Fat-soluble vitamin
ACTIONS: aids in clotting INDICATIONS: vitamin K deficiency, certain bleeding or blood clotting problems, anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumadin or indanedione derivatives |
DOSE/ROUTE:
- Subcutaneous when possible - Slow IVP when necessary 2.5mg-10mg, up to 25-50mg * Protect from light* ADVERSE EFFECTS: Death after IV, IM; transient flushing sensation and odd sensations of taste; rarely dizziness; rapid, weak pulse; diaphoresis; hypotension, dyspnea, cyanosis CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity |
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- Zisprasidone (Geodon)
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TYPE: Antipsychotic
ACTIONS: Changes brain chemistry INDICATIONS: Schizophrenia, manic phase of bipolar disorder, agitation, hallucinations, paranoia, disorganized thoughts |
DOSE/ROUTE: 20-80mg BID PO; 10-20mg IM up to 40mg/day
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, constipation, runny nose, weight gain, nervousness, increased appetite// Arryhthmia, increased BGL, urinary retention, orthostatic changes, muscle rigidity CONTRAINDICATIONS: - history of QT prolongation - recent AMI - uncompensated heart failure |
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Zosyn (Piperacillin/Tazobactam)
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TYPE: Antibiotic
ACTIONS: Antibiotic INDICATIONS: Various infections, e.g. UTI, bone & joint infections, severe vaginitis, stomach and skin infections, pneumonia |
DOSE/ROUTE: varies 3.375g Q 6hrs -> 13.5g (12g piper./1.5g tazo.) x 10 days
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Diarrhea, jaundice, dark urine, fever, ALOC, weak/dizziness, tachycardia, bruising, bleeding, dry mouth, myalgia, fever, chills, aches, seizures CONTRAINDICATIONS: |