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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vertebral formula of sheep |
C7, T13, L6, S4, Cd 16-18 |
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Goat Vertebral Formula |
C7, T13, L6, S5, Cd 16-18 |
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Dog vertebral formula |
C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd ~20 |
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Horse Vertebral Formula |
C7, T18, L6, S5, Cd 15-21 |
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Ox vertebral formula |
C7, T13, L6, S5, Cd 18-20 |
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Pig Vertebral Formula |
C7, T14-15, L6-7, S4, Cd 20-23 |
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Llama Vertebral Formula |
C7, T12, L7, S5, Cd 16-20 |
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What is unique about the Atlas of ox |
missing transverse foramen |
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What foramen is present in the horse and ox but not in the canine? |
Alar foramen |
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What type of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint? |
Condylar joint: hinge movement
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Describe the joint capsules of the Atlanto-occipital joint. |
Left and right joint capsule, may fuse ventrally
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What type of joint is the Atlanto-axial joint? |
Pivot joint |
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Cutaneous colli m. (horse) |
O: manubrium I: cervical superficial fascia A: tightens and moves skin on ventral neck
Innervation: Facial n. (CN VII) |
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Cutaneous colli m. (ruminants) |
poorly developed |
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List the Extrinisic Thoracic Limb muscles (9) |
brachiocephalicus omotransversarius trapezius rhomboideus serratus ventralis superficial pectoral deep pectoral subclavius latissimus dorsi |
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What portion of the brachiocephalicus muscle is present in ruminants but not the horse? |
Cleido-occipitalis portion of the cleidocephalicus m. |
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What portion of the sternocephalicus m. is present in ruminants but not in the horse? |
Sternomastoideus m.
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Parts of the Brachiocephalicus muscle present in the horse? |
Cleidocephalicus m. cleidomastoideus m. Cleidobrachialis m. |
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Parts of the Brachiocephalicus muscle present in ruminants |
Cleidocephalicus m. Cleidomastoideus m. Cleido-occipitalis m. Cleidobrachialis m. |
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Cleidomastoideus m. |
Cleidocephalicus portion of brachiocephalicus muscle
O: clavicular intersection I: mastoid process
Innervation: Accessory Nerve (CNXI) |
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Cleidobrachialis m. |
Brachial portion of brachiocephalicus muscle
O: clavicular intersection I: crest of humerus A: draw limb cranially Innervation: Axillary nerve |
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Cleido-occipitalis muscle |
Cleidocephalicus portion f brachiocephalicus muscle. NOT present in horses.
O: clavicular intersection I: nuchal line of occipital bone, funicular part of nuchal ligament A: advances limb cranially, raises head Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
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Actions of brachiocephalicus muscle |
1. head and neck fixed- draw forelimb cranially, extend shoulder join
2. fixed limb, left and right working together- extend the head and neck
3. right and left work separately- bend head and neck to the side |
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What is unique about the equine scapula? |
No acromion |
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Omotransversarius (horse) |
O: shoulder fascia I: transverse process of C1-C4 A: draws limb cranially and bends neck to the side fused with cleidomastoideus muscle
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CNXII), cervical spinal nerves |
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Omotransversarius (ruminants) |
Attachments: acromion of scapula, wing of the atlas, transverse process of axis (ox), cleidoccipitalis (sheep)
Action: draws limb cranially and bends neck to the side
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CNXI), cervical spinal nerves |
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Sternocephalicus components in the horse |
Sternomandibularis m.
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Sternomandibularis m. |
O: manubrium I: different for each species A: flexes head/neck, bends head/neck to the side
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CNXI) |
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insertion of sternomandibularis in the horse
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caudal angle of the mandible |
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insertion of sternomandibularis in the ox
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ventral border of the mandible, rostral border of the masseter muscle |
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insertion of sternomandibularis in the goat |
zygomatic arch and lateral surface of masseter |
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components of sternocephalicus muscle in the ox and goat |
sternomastoideus, sternomandibularis |
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Sternomastoideus muscle |
O: manubrium I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: fix and draw the head and neck venrally
Innervation: Accessory Nerve (CNXI) |
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Sternocephalicus in the sheep |
consists only of the sternomastoideus
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Boundaries of jugular furrow in the horse |
Dorsal: Brachiocephalicus m. (Cleidomastoideus) Ventral: Sternocephalicus m. (Sternomandibularis) Lateral: Cutaneous colli m. (caudal neck) Medial: Omohyoideus (cranial neck) |
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Boundaries of jugular furrow in ox and goat |
Dorsal: cleidomastoideus m. Ventral: Sternomandibularis m. Medial: Sternomastoideus m. |
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What muscle separates the external jugular vein from the carotid artery in the horse? |
Omohyoideus muscle |
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What muscle separates the external jugular from the carotid artery in the ox and goat? |
Sternomastoideus muscle |
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Omohyoideus muscle (horse) |
O: subscapular fascia near humeral joint I: lingual process of basihyoid bone A: draw hyoid apparatus caudally
Innervation: C1 spinal nerve |
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Omohyoideus muscle (ruminants) |
O: deep cervical fascia from 3rd to 4th cervical vertebrae I: basihyoid bone A: draw hyoid apparatus caudally
Innervation: C1 spinal nerve
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Sternothyroideus muscle |
O: manubrium I: thryoid cartilage A: draw hyoid apparatus caudally
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Sternohyoideus muscle |
O: manubrium I: basihyoid bone A: draw hyoid apparatus caudally |
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What is the name of the muscle that is the fusion of the Sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus at the manubrium? |
Sternothyrohyoideus m. |
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Cervical part of the Trapezius |
O: funicular part of nuchal ligament I: spine of the scapula and fascia of shoulder and brachium A: draws scapula craniodorsally
Innervation: Accessory nerve (dorsal branch) |
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Serratus Ventralis m. (serratus ventralis cervicis) |
O: transverse processes of C3/C4-C7 I: serrated face of the scapula A: draws limb cranially, supports weight of trunk |
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Serratus ventralis m. (serratus ventralis thoracis) |
O: lateral surface of rib1 to rib8/9 I: serrated face of scapula A: aid in drawing limb caudally, support trunk |
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Rhomboideus (rhomboideus cervicis) |
O: funicular part of nuchal ligament from C2-T2 I: craniomedial surface of scapular cartilage A: draw scapula cranially and dorsally |
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Rhomboideus thoracis |
O: spinous processes of thoracic vertebra I: caudomedial surface of scapular cartilage A: draw scapula cranially and dorsally |
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The superficial cervical lymph nodes are deep to what muscles? |
brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius
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Splenius m. (horse)
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2 parts: capitis and cervicis
O: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T3-T5
I: capitis- mastoid process of temporal bone and nuchal crest cervicis- wing of the atlas, transverse processes of C2 and C3
A: together they elevate the head and neck, singly they bend the head and neck laterally |
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Semispinalis capitis m. (horse) |
O: articular process of cervical vertebrae and spinous processes of T3-T5 and transverse processes of T1-T7
I: occipital bone
A: extend head and neck, bend head to the side |
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Semispinalis capitis (ruminants) |
O: transverse processes of T1-T10, articular process of C3-C7, nuchal ligamnet I: occipital bone A: extend head and neck, bend head to the side |
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What is the main function of semispinalis capitis? |
Main extensor of the head and neck |
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Describe the nuchal ligament in the horse and ruminants. |
2 parts: funicular part- cord like, between external occipital protuberance and first few thoracic vertbrae Laminar part- sheet like, ventral to funicular part, from C2-C7 to funicular part |
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What continues the nuchal ligament? |
Supraspinous ligament |
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What is significant about the nuchal ligament in the horse clinically? |
site of microchip implantation |
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Longissimus capitis m. (horse) |
O: articular processes of cervical vertebrae, transverse processes of T1 and T2 I: mastoid process A: extend head and neck, bend head and neck to the side |
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Longissimus atlantis (horse) |
O: articular processes of cervical vertebrae, transverse processes of T1 and T2 I: wing of the atlas A: extend and bend head and neck to the side
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Longissimus capitis (ruminants) |
O: articular processes of cervical vertebrae, transverse processes of C5-T7 I: mastoid process A: extend head and neck, bend head and neck to the side |
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Longissimus atlantis (ruminants) |
O: articular processes of cervical vertebrae, transverse processes of C5-T7 I: wing of the atlas A: extend head and neck, bend head and neck to the side |
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Longus atlantis m. (ruminants) |
O: transvers processes of C2-C6 I: wing of the atlas
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The longus atlantis muscle is not present in what large animal species? |
horse |
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Longus capitis m. (horse) |
O: transverse processes of C3-C5 I: muscular tubercle at base of skull A: flexes head and neck, bends head and neck laterally
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Longus capitis m. (ruminants) |
O: transverse processes of C2-C6 I: muscular tubercle on base of skull A: flexes head and neck and bends head and neck laterally |
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Longus colli m. cervical portion |
O: transverse processes of C3-C7 I: bodies of cervical vertebrae, ventral tubercle of atlas A: flexes the neck |
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Location of caudal nuchal bursa |
between funicular part of nuchal ligament and spinous process of C2 |
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Location of suprspinous bursa |
between supraspinous ligament and the most prominent thoracic vertebral spinous process |
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What is fistulous withers? |
inflammatory condition and infection affecting the supraspinous bursa in horses
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What is poll evil? |
Infection of the caudal nuchal bursa in a horse |
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What muscles does the dorsal branch of CN XI innervate? |
Brachiocephalicus, Omotransversarius, trapezius |
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What muscle does the central branch of the accessory nerve innervate? |
Sternocephalicus |
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What muscles does CN XI course over formally before innervating muscles? |
Splenius, Serratus ventralis |
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What are the components of the carotid sheath? |
Common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, tracheal trunk, internal jugular (ruminants only) |
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How would you tell the difference between the upper and lower cheek teeth of a horse? |
Upper cheek teeth are wider and have 2 infundibula. Lower cheek teeth are narrower and have no infundibulum |
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What muscles does the dorsal branch of CN XI innervate? |
Brachiocephalicus, Omotransversarius, trapezius |
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What muscle does the central branch of the accessory nerve innervate? |
Sternocephalicus |
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What muscles does CN XI course over formally before innervating muscles? |
Splenius, Serratus ventralis |
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What are the components of the carotid sheath? |
Common carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, tracheal trunk, internal jugular (ruminants only) |
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How would you tell the difference between the upper and lower cheek teeth of a horse? |
Upper cheek teeth are wider and have 2 infundibula. Lower cheek teeth are narrower and have no infundibulum |
