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220 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of nerve fibers are all 2nd branchial arch derivatives supplied with?
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Efferent fibers by CN VII - Facial N.
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What type of nerve fibers are all 1st branchial arch derivatives supplied with?
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CN V3 - Mandibular N of Trigeminal
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What type of nerve fibers are all 3rd branchial arch derivatives supplied with?
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CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
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What type of nerve fibers are all 4th branchial arch derivatives supplied with?
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CN X - Vagus
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What organs will you find in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?
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liver, kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder
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What type of nerve fibers are all 5th branchial arch derivatives supplied with?
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The 5th branchial arch does not give any structures in adult form, therefore there is no innervation of derivatives
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Which branchial arch are muscles of facial expression derived from?
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2nd Branchial Arch - Innervated by Cervical Branch of CN VII
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What is the inferior border of the neck
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First rib
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What is the superior border of the neck
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Anteriorly: Oral Cavity
Posteriorly: Base of Skull |
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Where does the 1st cervical spinal nerve come out of?
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It comes out above the atlas.
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How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
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8 cervical spinal nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae
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Where does the vertebral artery enter the transverse foramen from?
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Enters from C6 and extends all the way up
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Where does the vertebral artery exit the transverse foramen from?
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It comes out of the transverse foramen of C1 and enters foramen magnum
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Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull from?
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Enters the skull through foramen magnum by passing through posterior atlantooccipital membrane
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What arteries form the basilar artery?
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The left and right vertebral arteries join together in the brain to form the basilar artery.
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What exits through intervertebral foramen
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Spinal nerves exit
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What enters through intervertebral foramen
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Radicular and segmental arteries enter
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Where is the intervertebral foramen
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Between adjacent vertebrae caused by inferior and superior vertebral notches
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What do superspinous ligament connect?
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Connects the apices of the spinous processes
When it reaches the cervical region, it changes its name to ligamentum nuchae Superspinous connects from the 7th cervical vertebra to the sacrum |
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Where is the origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid M.
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Origin:
Manubrium Medial 1/3 of Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid Process Superior Nuchal Line |
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What is the nerve supply to Sternocleidomastoid M.
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CN XI - Spinal Accessory N
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What is the action of Sternocleidomastoid M.
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Bilateral contraction causes extension of head on vertebral column, flexing cervical spine
Unilateral contraction causes the chine to point up and away to opposite side of contracted muscle |
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Where are the origin and insertion of Digastric M.
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Origin:
Anterior Belly: Digastric Fossa of Mandible Posterior Belly: Mastoid Notch of Temporal Bone Insertion: Tendon to body and superior/greater horn of Hyoid bone |
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What is the Digastric M. innervated by?
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Anterior Belly:
Mylohyoid N <-- Inferior Alveolar N <-- Mandibular Branch (CN V3) of Trigeminal N. Posterior Belly: Facial N. |
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What is the action of Digastric M.
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Elevates the Hyoid
Helps depress and retract the mandible |
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What are the origin and insertion of Omohyoid M
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Origin:
Scapula Insertion: Body of Hyoid |
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What is the action of Omohyoid M.
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Depresses the hyoid
Depresses the larynx |
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What is the nerve supply to Omohyoid M
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C1-C3 by a branch of Ansa Cervicalis
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What is the origin and insertion of Stylohyoid M
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Origin:
Styloid Process Insertion: Body of hyoid |
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What is the action of Stylohyoid M
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Elevates and Retracts hyoid
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What is the nerve supply to Stylohyoid M
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Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve
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What is the origin and insertion of Mylohyoid M
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Origin:
Mylohyoid line of mandible Insertion: Mylohyoid of opposite side at raphe Body of Hyoid |
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What is the action of Mylohyoid M
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Elevates Hyoid
Elevates floor of Oral cavity |
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What is the nerve supply to Mylohyoid M
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Mylohyoid N <-- Inferior Alveolar N <-- Mandibular division (CN V3) of Trigeminal Nerve
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Where are the origin and insertion of Geniohyoid M
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Origin:
Inferior mental spine of Mandible Insertion: Body of Hyoid bone |
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What is the nerve supply to Geniohyoid M
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C1 travels via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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What is the action of the Geniohyoid M
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Moves Hyoid and tongue anteriorly
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What are the Suprahyoid muscles
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Muscles above the Hyoid bone
Digastric M - Anterior and Posterior Bellies Mylohyoid M Stylohyoid M Geniohyoid M |
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What are the origin and insertion of Sternohyoid M
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Origin:
Manubrium of sternum Medial end of clavicle Insertion: Body of Hyoid bone |
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What is the nerve supply to Sternohyoid M
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C1-C3 from Ansa Cervicalis
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What is the action of Sternohyoid M
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Depresses Hyoid bone
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What is the origin and insertion of Sternothyroid M
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Origin:
Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum Insertion: Oblique line of Thyroid cartilage |
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What is innervation of Sternothyroid M
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C2 and C3 by a branch of Ansa Cervicalis
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What is the action of Sternothyroid M
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Depresses the Larynx and Hyoid bone
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What are the origin and insertion of Thyrohyoid M
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Origin:
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage Insertion: Inferior border of body and superior/greater horn of Hyoid |
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What is the innervation of Thyrohyoid M
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C1 travels via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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what is the action of Thyrohyoid M
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Depresses the Hyoid bone
Elevates Larynx |
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What are the Infrahyoid Muscles?
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Muscles below the Hyoid bone
Includes: Thyrohyoid M Omohyoid M (Super and Inferior Bellies) Sternohyoid M Sternothyroid M |
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What are the 4 compartments of the neck
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Vertebral compartment
Visceral compartment 2 vascular compartments |
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What does the vertebral compartment hold?
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Contains the cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscles
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What does the visceral compartment hold?
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Contains important glands such as thyroid parathyroid and thymus
Contains parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts that pass between head and thorax |
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What does each vascular compartment hold?
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Contains the major blood vessels and the vagus nerve
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Between what Cervical Spine does the common carotid bifucate?
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Common carotid bifurcates into external and internal carotid artery between CIII and CIV
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Which four cranial nerves carry out Parasympathetic fibers?
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CN III, VII, IX, and X
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How many cranial nerves are they?
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12 Pairs
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Where does cervical nerve (C8) emerge from?
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It emerges between Cervical vertebrae CVII and Thoracic vertebrae T1
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What forms the cervical plexus?
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The anterior rami of C1 to C4
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What forms the Brachial plexus?
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The anterior rami of C5 to C8, together with anterior ramus of T1
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What cranial nerve innervates muscles of mastication?
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Innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
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What is the innervation of Platysma?
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Cervical Branch of Facial N (CN VII)
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What is the origin and insertion of the platysma
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Origin:
Inferior Border of Mandible Insertion: Skin over lower neck and superior thorax |
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What are superficial neck muscles?
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Muscles that lie Superficial to the deep layer (lamina) of the deep cervical fascia
Innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves Ex: Platysma |
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Which branchial arch is the Mylohyoid Muscle derived from?
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1st Branchial arch
Therefore innervated by V3 |
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Which branchial arch is the Anterior Digastric Muscle derived from?
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1st Branchial arch
Therefore innervated by V3 |
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Which branchial arch is the Posterior Digastric Muscle derived from?
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2nd Branchial arch
Therefore innervated by CN VII - Cervical Branch of Facial |
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Which branchial arch is the Stylohyoid Muscle derived from?Which
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2nd Branchial arch
Therefore innervated by CN VII - Cervical Branch of Facial |
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Which muscles do Ansa Cervicalis innervate?
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C1-C3 combine to form Ansa Cervicalis and innervate:
Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid |
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What type of fiber does the cervical plexus supply?
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Supplies sensory fibers to skin on neck and face and motor fibers to muscles in the neck and makes up portions of Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) and Phrenic Nerve (C4, C5, C6)
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Between which anatomical landmarks does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
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Between Thyroid Cartilage and the Hyoid Bone
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What are the branches of External Carotid Artery?
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(Some Angry Ladies Flip Off PMS)
Superior Thyroid Ascending Pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Auricular Maxillary Superficial Temporal |
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What are the branches of Subclavian Artery?
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(VIT C & D)
Vertebral Internal Thoracic Thyrocervical Trunk Costacervical Trunk Dorsal Scapular |
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What are the branches of Thyrocervical Trunk?
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(T-IaTS)
Inferior Thyroid Ascending Cervical Transverse Cervical Suprascapular |
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What are the branches of Costocervical Trunk?
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Deep Cervical
Supreme Intercostal |
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What are the contents of the Carotid Sheath?
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(IC 10 CC in IV)
Internal Carotid CN X - Vagus Common Carotid Internal Jugular Vein |
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What veins form the Superior Vena Cava?
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Left and Right Brachiocephalic V.
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What veins form the Brachiocephalic Veins?
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Subclavian V. and Internal Jugular V.
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What veins form the External Jugular Veins?
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Posterior division of Retromandibular V. and Posterior Auricular V.
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What does the External Jugular Vein drain into?
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Subclavian V.
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Why is there no white rami communicans in cervical nerves?
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White rami communicans are associated with preganglionic sympathetic fibers that only leave the spinal cord from T1-L2/L3
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What are white rami communicans associated with?
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Associated with preganglionic sympathetic fibers that only leave the spinal cord from T1-L2/L3
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Which infrahyoid muscle is not supplied by Ansa Cervicalis?
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Thyrohyoid M - It is innervated by C1 only
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Where does the Hypoglossal Nerve have its roots emerging from in the brain?
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The CN XII has its roots emerging from between the pyramid and olive in medulla oblongata.
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What are the cervical sympathetic ganglia?
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They are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system.
Preganglionic nerves synapse here from the Thoracic spinal cord. Includes: Superior Cervical Ganglion Middle Cervical Ganglion Inferior Cervical Ganglion First Thoracic Ganglion (may join Inferior Cervical Ganglion to form Stellate) |
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Where are the cell bodies of Preganglionic Parasympathetic fibers from CN IX located?
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Cell bodies are located in the Inferior Salivatory nucleus found in the Medulla
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Where do the Preganglionic Parasympathetic fibers from CN IX synpase to form Postganglionic fibers?
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Fibers will synapse in the Otic Ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa
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What does the Otic Ganglion supply?
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It supplies Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers to the Parotid Gland
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Where is the retropharyngeal space?
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It is the space in between the Buccopharyngeal fascia and the Prevertebral fascia.
It is found behind the pharynx |
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What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle
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1. Parotid Gland
2. Submandibular Gland 3. Mylohyoid Muscle 4. Anterior Digastric Muscle 5. Hypoglossal N. 6. Mylohyoid N. 7. Submental Artery & Vein 8. Facial Artery & Vein 9. External Carotid Artery |
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What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle?
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1. Thyroid Gland
2. Larynx 3. Hypoglossal N. 4. Thryohyoid N. 5. Ansa Cervicalis 6. Vagus N. |
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What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle?
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1. Thyroid Gland
2. Trachea 3. Thyroid Cartilage 4. Ansa Cervicalis 5. Superior Thyroid Artery 6. Middle Thyroid Vein 7. Inferior Thyroid Vein |
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What are the contents of the Submental Triangle?
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1. Hyoid Bone
2. Anterior Digastric Muscle 3. Mylohyoid Muscle 4. Anterior Jugular Vein |
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What are the contents of the Posterior Triangle?
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1. Brachial Plexus
2. Transverse Cervical N 3. Supraclavicular N 4. Spinal Accessory N 5. Greater Auricular N 6. Lesser Occipital N 7. Suprascapular Artery 8. Subclavian Artery 9. Transverse Cervical Artery 10. External Jugular Vein |
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Which muscle of facial expression is not innervated by CN VII?
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris - it is innervated by CN III - Oculomotor N.
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Is the Buccinator a muscle of facial expression or mastication?
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Buccinator is a muscle of facial expression that secondarily assists in mastication.
It is innervated by the buccal branch of Facial N. (CN VII), not V3 |
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What is the motor supply to the Buccinator?
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Buccal branch of Facial N. (CN VII)
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Where does the Facial Nerve exit from the skull?
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Stylomastoid Foramen
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What are the motor branches of the Facial Nerve?
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(Two Zebras Bit My Cookie Painfully)
Temporal Branch Zygomatic Branch Buccal Branch Marginal Mandibular Branch Cervical Branch Posterior Auricular N. |
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JACKSONVILLE, FL
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JAX
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What is the sensory innervation of the parotid gland?
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Auriculotemporal nerve <-- Mandibular N (V3) <-- Trigeminal N
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What fissure does the Ophthalmic Nerve of Trigeminal exit the skull from?
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Superior Orbital Fissure to enter orbit
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What are the branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve of Trigeminal (V1)?
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Supra-orbital
Supratrochlear Infratrochlear Lacrimal External Nasal |
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What are the branches of the Maxillary Nerve of Trigeminal (V2)?
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Zygomaticotemporal branch
Zygommaticfacial branch Infra-orbital |
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What are the general somatic afferent (sensory) nerves of the Mandibular Nerve of Trigeminal (V3)?
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Auriculotemporal
Long Buccal Mental |
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Bell's Palsy
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Facial nerves swell leading to paralysis of muscles on the face
Caused by Palsy of VII All symptoms are unilateral |
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What are the branches of Facial Artery?
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1. Inferior Labial
2. Superior Labial 3. Lateral Nasal 4. Angular 5. Submental |
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What are the branches of the First Portion of the Maxillary Artery?
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Mandibular Portion
1. Deep auricular artery 2. Anterior tympanic artery 3. Middle meningeal artery 4. Inferior Alveolar 4a. Mylohyoid 4aa. Mental 5. Accessory Meningeal |
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What are the branches of the Second Portion of the Maxillary Artery?
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Pterygoid Portion
1. Masseteric 2. Pterygoid branch 3. Deep Temporal 4. Buccal |
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What are the branches of the Third Portion of the Maxillary Artery?
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Pterygopalatine Portion
1. Sphenopalatine 2. Descending Palatine 3. Infraorbital 4. Posterior Superior Alveolar 5. Middle Superior Alveolar 6. Pharyngeal Artery 7. Artery of Pterygoid Canal 8. Anterior Superior Alveolar |
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How to remember branches of Maxillary Artery?
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DAM I AM Piss Drunk, But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous
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What cranial bones make up the Anterior Cranial Fossa?
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Parts of frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
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What cranial bones make up the Middle Cranial Fossa?
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Parts of sphenoid, parietal, and temporal
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What cranial bones make up the Posterior Cranial Fossa?
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Sphenoid, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital
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What are the layers of the Scalp?
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(SCALP)
Skin Connective tissue/Subcutaneous Layer Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue Pericranium |
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What contributes to sutures where individual bones articulate (except TMJ)
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Periosteum and sutural ligaments
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Pachymeninx
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AKA Dura Mater
Outermost of Meningeal layers Tough Fibroelastic membrane with two sublayers, endosteal and meningeal |
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Falx cerebri
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Folds of Dura that separates right and left cerebral hemispheres
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Falx cerebelli
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Folds of Dura that separates right and left cerebellar hemispheres
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Tentorium Cerebelli
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Folds of Dura that separates the posterior occipital lobe from the cerebellum
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Meckel's Cave
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Fold of the Tentorium Cerebelli to house the trigeminal ganglion
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Which meningeal space contains CSF?
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Subarachnoid space
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What is the Cisterna Magna
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Opening in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers
Located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata CSF drains into the cisterna via lateral and median aperatures |
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What are the structures that pass through the cavernous sinus?
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1. Internal Carotid a
2. Abducent Nerve (CN VI) 3. Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) 4. Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) 5. Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) 6. Maxillary Nerve (V2) |
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Types of Fibrous Joints
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Sutures
Syndesmoses Gomphoses |
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Suture Joints
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Non-movable fibrous joints
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Syndesmoses
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Fibrous joints
Between adjacent bones linked by ligament |
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Gomphoses
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Fibrous joints
Ex: Periodontal ligament |
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Types of Cartilaginous Joints
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Symphyses
Synchodroses |
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Types of Joints based on Function
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Synarthrosis - Not movable
Amphiarthrosis - Not movable cartilaginous joint Diarthrosis - Movable |
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Synovial Joint
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Has a cavity between the bones
Opposing bony surfaces are covered with layer of hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage Joint cavity is lined with synovial membrane and contains synovial fluid Reinforced by fibrous capsul and ligaments |
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Ligamentum flavum
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Ligament of the vertebral column that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Forms a syndesmosis (fibrous) joint |
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TMJ
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Temporomandibular Joint
Special synovial joint with articular disks Articulating surfaces are fibrocartilage (not hyaline) |
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What does the Pterygoid canal connect?
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Connects the middle cranial fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa
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Through what fissure does V2 exit from?
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Maxillary Nerve exits through foramen rotundum to the pterygopalatine fossa
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TMJ
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Temporomandibular Joint
Special synovial joint with articular disks Articulating surfaces are fibrocartilage (not hyaline) |
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TMJ
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Temporomandibular Joint
Special synovial joint with articular disks Articulating surfaces are fibrocartilage (not hyaline) |
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Through what fissure does V3 exit from?
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Mandibular Nerve exits through formane ovale into the infratemporal fossa
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What does the Pterygoid canal connect?
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Connects the middle cranial fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa
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What does the Pterygoid canal connect?
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Connects the middle cranial fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa
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Via what fissures does the Infratemporal Fossa communicate with the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
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Via pterygomaxillary fissure
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Through what fissure does V2 exit from?
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Maxillary Nerve exits through foramen rotundum to the pterygopalatine fossa
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Through what fissure does V3 exit from?
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Mandibular Nerve exits through formane ovale into the infratemporal fossa
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Through what fissure does V2 exit from?
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Maxillary Nerve exits through foramen rotundum to the pterygopalatine fossa
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Through what fissure does V3 exit from?
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Mandibular Nerve exits through formane ovale into the infratemporal fossa
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Via what fissures does the Infratemporal Fossa communicate with the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
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Via pterygomaxillary fissure
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Via what fissures does the Infratemporal Fossa communicate with the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
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Via pterygomaxillary fissure
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Via what fissures does the Infratemporal Fossa communicate with the orbit?
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Via Inferior Orbital fissure
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What are the 8 muscles that are derived from the 1st branchial arch?
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Temporalis
Masseter Lateral Pterygoid Medial Pterygoid Tensor Veli Palatini Tensor Tympani Anterior Digastric Mylohyoid |
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What is the origin and insertion of the Temporalis Muscle?
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Origin
Inferior Temporal line Bone of the Temporal fossa Insertion Medial Coronoid Process |
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What is the origin and insertion of the Masseter Muscle?
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Origin
Zygomatic Bone and arch Insertion Lateral surface of the ramus of Mandible Angle of the mandible |
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What provides sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
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Lingual Nerve - from sensory branch of V3
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What type of fibers are carried with the Lingual Nerve?
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It carries hitch-hiking fibers from the chorda tympani
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What would happen if the lateral pterygoid did not function on one side?
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Paralysis to one side will cause the jaw to deviate to that same, while movement is inhibited in the other side
Jaw deviation to the left suggests weakness of the left lateral pterygoid Jaw deviation to the right suggest weakness of the right lateral pterygoid |
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What type of joint is the upper compartment of the TMJ?
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Arthrodial Joint
Articular disc is gliding across and it goes on the articular eminence |
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What type of joint is the lower compartment of the TMJ?
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Ginglymul - Hinge Joint
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Where is the movement when the jaw is passively open
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Movement is in the lower joint
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What are the sensory nerves that supply the TMJ?
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All derived from V3
Masseteric Auriculotemporal Posterior Deep Temporal Nerves |
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What are the branches that comes off the trunk of V3 before it divides into Anterior and Posterior divisions?
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Recurrent Meningeal Nerve - Sensory
Nerve to Medial Pterygoid - Motor |
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Which branch of the Trigeminal is the only one that has efferent fibers?
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V3 has both efferent (Motor) and afferent (Sensory) components
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What type of nerve in the Inferior Alveolar Nerve; sensory or motor?
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Inferior Alveolar nerve is a sensory nerve
Before it gives rise to mylohyoid N, it is a mixed nerve, and then it becomes only sensory - so essentially it is a sensory nerve |
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What is the motor and sensory supply to the Buccinator Muscle?
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Motor - Buccal branch of Facial
Sensory - Long Buccal Nerve of V3 |
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What is delivering the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the parotid gland?
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External carotid artery
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What type of fibers make up the Chorda Tympani and where is it derived from?
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It is a branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
Has preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and special sensory fibers |
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What is the sensory ganglion of the Facial Nerve?
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Geniculate Ganglion
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Which artery supplies the Trigeminal Ganglion?
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Accessory Meningeal artery
Derived from first division of Maxillary Artery |
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What is the ethmoidal infundibulum?
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It is a passageway draining the anterior ethmoidal and frontal sinuses to the middle meatus
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What opens into the semilunar hiatus?
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The frontonasal duct, maxillary sinus and middle ethmoid cells opens into this slit in the middle meatus
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What is the function of the lateral nasal wall-conchae?
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They add turbulence to the inspired air to slow it down, allowing you to warm the air, filter out particles
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What does the Inferior Meatus connect?
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It connects the orbit to the nasal cavity
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What is Kiesselbach's area?
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The area in the inferior anterior 1/3 of the septum that is the frequent site of epistaxis (nosebleeds) due to lots of arteries and venous plexus there
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Where does the Maxillary Sinus opens into?
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It opens into the middle meatus via the Infundibulum
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Where does the Posterior Ethmoidal Air Cells open into?
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It opens into the superior meatus
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Where does the Anterior Ethmoidal Air Cells open into?
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Opens into Middle meatus via Infundibulum
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What does the Mastoid air cells open into?
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They open into the nasopharynx
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What are the types of innervation found in the air sinuses?
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You only have sensory and autonomic innervation because there are mo muscles in the sinuses
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Where does the parasympathetic supply to air sinuses come from?
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Comes from Pterygopalatine Ganglion
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What is the sympathetic supply to the air sinuses?
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Sympathetic supply comes from branches of the deep petrosal nerve, which comes from superior cervical ganglion
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What is the sensory supply to the Sphenoidal air sinuses?
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Posterior ethmoidal nerve (V1) and some maxillary nerve (V2)
Mainly V1 though |
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What is the arterial supply and venal drainage for the Frontal sinus?
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Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
Superior Ophthalmic Vein |
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What is the arterial supply to the maxillary sinuses?
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Posterior Lateral Nasal from Sphenopalatine
Greater Palatine Posterior Superior Alveolar Infraorbital via Anterior Superior Alveolar All are derived from Maxillary Artery |
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What is the venous drainage from the Maxillary Sinus?
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Sphenopalatine V
Greater Palatine A Anterior, Middle, and Superior Alveolar VVS |
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Where is the oropharyngeal isthmus?
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It is the boundary between the oral cavity and the oral pharynx
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What is the range of extension of the pharynx
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Extends from the base of the skull to C6, where the pharynx continues with the esophagus
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What are the anatomical landmarks marking the Nasal Pharynx
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Nasal pharynx is behind the nasal cavity and anterior to C1
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What are the anatomical landmarks marking the Oral Pharynx
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It is anterior to the bodies of C2 and C3
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What are the anatomical landmarks marking the LaryngoPharynx
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It is anterior to the bodies of C4, C5, C6 and behind the Larynx
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What does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?
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It connects the nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity which leads to the mastoid air cells
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What is the Lymphatic Ring of Waldeyer?
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Circle of lymphatic tissue that surrounds the airway and food pathway openings into the body
Includes the lingual, palating, tubal and pharyngeal tonsils |
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What branchial arch are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx derived from?
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3rd Branchial arch
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What muscle of the pharynx is not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus? What, instead, is its innervation?
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Stylopharyngeus muscle - a longitudinal muscle
It is innervated by the CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
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What maintains the nasopharynx in a constant open condition?
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The pharyngobasilar fascia
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What are two weak spots in the pharynx that may lead to mucousal outpouching?
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Dehiscence of Killian
Area of Laimer |
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What forms the palatine aponeurosis?
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The aponeurotic sheets formed by the tensor veli palatini on each side join together to form palatine aponeurosis
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What muscle seals off the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx by closing the pharyngeal isthmus?
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Palatopharyngeal sphincter muscle
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All muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what, and what are the exceptions?
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Muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus
Exception is the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by CN IX |
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What forms the pharyngeal plexus?
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It is formed by Sensory fibers from Cranial Nerve IX, Motor and Sensory fibers from Cranial Nerve X and sympathetic fibers from the Superior Cervical Ganglion
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Where does the Vagus N give rise to the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?
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As vagus crosses the right subclavian artery, it gives rise to right recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve comes off when Vagus crosses Arch of Aorta |
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What type of innervation does the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve supply?
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Supplies Sensory to the mucosa of the larynx below the vocal folds
Supplies Motor to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except for Stylopharyngeus M) |
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What type of innervation does the Internal Laryngeal Nerve supply?
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Supplies Sensory to the mucosa of the larynx above the vocal folds
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Where are the cell bodies of the motor fibers supplying the stylopharyngeus muscle?
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The cell bodies are found in the brainstem in a nucleus called the nucleus ambiguous.
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What distributes the motor fibers to the pharyngeal plexus?
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Vagus nerve
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What supplies the cricopharyngeus muscle?
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Possibly supplied by the external laryngeal n, and/or the recurrent laryngeal nerve or occasionally the pharyngeal plexus
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What supplies the superior most region of the pharynx?
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Pharyngeal branch of V2
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What supplies the nasopharynx superior to the torus tubarius? What supplies posterior to it?
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CN V2 supplies superior to torus tubarius
Glossopharyngeal N supplies posterior to mucous membrane. |
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What supplies motor fibers to the cricothyroid musce?
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Innervated by external laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve from Vagus)
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What are the only muscles that abduct the vocal folds?
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Posterior cricoarythenoid muscles
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Through which anatomic feature does the innervation and blood supply for the superior dentition pass through?
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Pterygopalatine Fossa
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What is the major nerve and blood supply that runs through the PPF?
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Associated with the maxillary Nerve and the 3rd party of the maxillary artery
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What does the foramen rotundum connect?
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It connects the middle cranial fossa with pterygopalatine fossa.
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What does the pterygoid canal connect?
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It connects the middle cranial fossa with pterygopalatine fossa
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What does the sphenopalatine foramen connect?
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Connects pterygopalatine fossa with nasal cavity
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What does the greater palatine canal connect?
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Connects pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity
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What does the pterygomaxillary fissure connect?
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Connects pterygopalatine fossa with the infratemporal fossa
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What type of fibers make up the Maxillary nerve?
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It is JUST sensory. No motor or autonomics are found.
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What is the source of the pharyngeal nerve and what does it innervate?
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It is from V2
Passes through palatovaginal and vomerovaginal canal Supplies roof of nasopharynx |
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What is the source of the posterior superior alveolar nerve and what does it innervate?
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V2
Goes of PPF to ITF to posterior superior alveolar foramen into the maxillary sinus Supplies the second and third maxillary molars and distobuccal root of first maxillary molar |
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What is the source of the nasopalatine nerve and what does it innervate?
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V2
Passes from PPF through sphenopalatine foramen to enter nasal cavity to run down the septum and emerge in the oral cavity leaving the incisive foramen Supplies soft tissue of the anterior dentition (not the roots of the teeth - which are supplied by anterior superior alveolar nerve) |
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What supplies the roots of the anterior dentition?
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Anterior superior alveolar nerves - V2
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What supplies innervation when the middle superior alveolar nerve is missing?
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The posterior superior alveolar nerve does the molars and premolars when its missing (anterior superior alveolar nerve does the anterior teeth)
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Where do taste fibers have their cell bodies (both general and special sensory)?
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Geniculate ganglion
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What does the Maxillary nerve turn into as it passes through the inferior orbital fissure?
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Becomes infraorbital nerve
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