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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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690.1 Scope
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690 applies to PV systems, arrays, inverters, controllers. PV with or without batteries & for systems with DC or AC output.
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690.2 Definitions
AC PV Module |
Complete protected unit with components to generate AC power from sunlight.
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690.2 Definitions
Array |
Mech integrated assembly of modules with support structure, etc. to form a DC producing unit.
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690.2 Definitions
Bipolar PV Array |
An array with 2 outputs with opposite polarity.
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690.2 Definitions
Blocking Diode |
Blocks reverse current flow into a PV source circiut.
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690.2 Definitions
BIPV |
Building Integrated PV is part of the building (outer protective surface).
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690.2 Definitions
Charge Controller |
Controlls DC current &/or voltage to charge battery.
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690.2 Definitions
Diversion Charge Controller |
Regulates battery charging by diverting excess current elsewhere.
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690.2 Definitions
Electrical Production & Distribution Network |
A utility or something like a utility.
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690.2 Definitions
Hybrid System |
A system made up of multiple power systems (not including batteries or a utility).
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690.2 Definitions
Interactive System |
A PV system in parallel with a utility.
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690.2 Definitions
Inverter |
Device used to change voltage &/or waveform. Common term used for PCU (power conditioning unit). May also function as battery charger from AC to DC.
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690.2 Definitions
Inverter Input Circuit |
Wires (conductors) between inverter and PV output circuit or wires between inverter and battery in stand-alone system.
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690.2 Definitions
Inverter Output Circuit |
Wires between inverter and service/utility or wires between inverter and AC panel in a stand-alone system.
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690.2 Definitions
Module |
DC producing sealed unit that generates electricity when exposed to light.
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690.2 Definitions
Panel |
Group of modules in a unit.
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690.2 Definitions
PV Output Circuit |
Wires between PV source circuit and inverter. (combiner/junction box to inverter). Can be same as inverter input circuit.
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690.2 Definitions
PV Power Source |
Array(s) that generates DC power at system voltage & current.
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690.2 Definitions
PV Source Circuit |
Wires from modules to combiner/junction box/PV output circuit.
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690.2 Definitions
PV System Voltage |
Voltage of any source or output circuit. (For multiwire/bipolar systems, it is the highest voltage difference between any 2 wires).
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690.2 Definitions
Solar Cell |
Basic unit that generates electricty when exposed to light.
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690.2 Definitions
Solar PV System |
The whole system that converts light into usable electricity.
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690.2 Definitions
Stand-Alone System |
A PV system independent of a utility.
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690.3 Other Articles
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When other articles conflict with 690, 690 wins. If in parallel with other sources, 705.14, .16, .32 & 705.143 also apply. Exception for hazardous locations in Articles 500-516.
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690.4 Installation
(A) Solar PV System |
You can add PV to your electrical system, even if it is connected to the utility.
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690.4 Installation
(B) Conductors of Different Systems |
You can't put conductors in the same conduit/raceway/junction box... as different systems, unless they are separated or connected together.
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690.4 Installation
(C) Module Connection Arrangement |
If you remove a module, it should not interrupt grounded conductor of another PV source circuit. Source circuits without separate fuses are considered the same circuit in this case.
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690.4 Installation
(D) Equipment |
Identify & list your equipment. Equip=inverter, PV, combiner, controller, generator.
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
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Grounded arrays should have DC ground fault protection (ungrounded arrays should follow 690.35.
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
Exception 1 |
Ground/pole mounted arrays with 1 or 2 source circuits are permitted without ground fault protection.
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
Exception 2 |
If it is not a dwelling, it does not have to have ground fault protection if equip. grounding conductors are sized in 690.45.
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
(A) Ground Fault Detection & Interruption |
If there is ground fault current, it will be interrupted by opening all conductors & indication provided. Manual disconnect will not cause interruption of grounded conductor.
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
(B) Isolating Faulted Circuits |
(1) Ungrounded conductors will be isolated or
(2) Inverter/charge controller will stop. |
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690.5 Ground Fault Protection
(C) Labels & Markings |
On inverter or near ground fault indicator & batteries it says:
WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD iF A GROUND FAULT IS INDICATED, NORMALLY GROUNDED CONDUCTORS MAY BE UNGROUNDED & ENERGIZED. |
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690.6 AC Modules
(A) PV Source Circuits |
Does not apply (it is internal wiring).
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690.6 AC Modules
(B) Inverter Output Circuit |
The output of an AC module.
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690.6 AC Modules
(C) Disconnecting Means |
A single disconecct is permitted for multiple modules. Each module has connector disc means.
(In accordance with 690.15 & .17). |
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690.6 AC Modules
(D) Ground Fault Detection |
Systems can have single AC GFD that removes AC power to modules.
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690.6 AC Modules
(E) Overcurrent Protection |
Sizing in accordance with 240.5 (B)(2).
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(A) Max PV System Voltage |
Use mfg. instructions or if no instructions, table 690.7 for temp. correction. Voc mult. by temp correction factor. Poly & Mono only.
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Table 690.7
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Temp. Correction Factors
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(B) DC Utilization Circuits |
Shall conform with 210.6 (Branch Circuit Voltage Limitations).
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(C) PV Source & Output Circuits |
1 & 2 family dwellings can be up to 600V. Other systems must comply with 690 part I.
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(D) Circuits Over 150V to Ground |
Over 150 V shall not be accessible. See 110.27 & 210.6
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(E) Bipolar Source & Output Circuits |
For 2 wire systems voltage is highest difference.
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(E) Bipolar Source & Output Circuits (1) |
1 Conductor of each circuit is grounded.
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(E) Bipolar Source & Output Circuits (2) |
Each circuit is connected to separate subarray.
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690.7 Maximum Voltage
(E) Bipolar Source & Output Circuits (3) Label |
WARNING
BIPOLAR PV ARRAY DISCONNECTION OF NEUTRAL OR GROUNDED CONDUCTORS MAY RESULT IN OVERVOLTAGE ON ARRAY OR INVERTER. |
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(A) Calculation of Max Current |
The max current is calculated from 690.8 (A)(1) & 690.8 (B)(1) & factor is 156%
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(A)(1) PV Source Circuit Currents |
Max current = Isc x Strings x 1.25
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(A)(2) PV Output Circuit Currents |
Output circuit current is the sum of the source circuit currents (source is mult. by 1.25)
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(A)(3) Inverter Output Circuit Current |
Inverter continuous output rating is max current.
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(A)(4) Stand Alone Inverter Input Circuit Current |
Max current is calculated by rated power at minimum voltage.
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(B) Ampacity & Overcurrent Device Ratings |
PV systems are considered continuous.
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(B)(1) Sizing of Conductors & Overcurrent Devices |
Shall be sized to carry 125% of max current as calc. in 690.8(A) (which makes it 125% twice). Rating of overcurrent device in accordance with 240.4 (B)&(C)
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(B)(1) Exception |
If overcurrent device is listed for continuous operation, then that is sufficient (you don't have to oversize 125%)
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(B)(2) Internal Current Limitation |
Devices that internally limit current can be rated less than 690.8 (B)(1), but shall be at least 125% of limited current value.
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(C) Systems With Multiple DC Voltages |
The ampacity of the common conductor shall not be less than the sum of the individual overcurrent devices.
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690.8 Circuit Sizing & Current
(D) Sizing of Module Interconnection Conductors |
With 1 overcurrent device with multiple strings, ampacity not less than the fuse plus Isc x 1.25 for the rest of the strings.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(A) Circuits & Equipment |
In accordance with article 240 & circuits connected to more than one source shall have overcurrent protection from all sources.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(A) Circuits & Equipment Exception (a) |
If in accordance with 690.8(B) & there are no external sources, such as parallel source circuits, batteries or backfeed from inverters.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(A) Circuits & Equipment Exception (b) |
If in accordance with 690.8(B) & short circuit currents from all sources do not exceed the ampacity of the conductors.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(A) Circuits & Equipment FPN (fine print note) |
Backfeed from a source such as through an inverter should be considered for overcurrent protection.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(B) Power Transformers |
Overcurrent protection for a transformer with sources on both sides in accordance with 450.3 by considering one side and then the other as primary.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(B) Power Transformers Exception |
If PV side of transformer is rated at least the short circuit output rating of inverter, it shall be permitted without overcurrent protection.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(C) PV Source Circuits |
Branch circuit/supplimentary-type devices permitted. 1 amp inccrements up to 15 then standar sizes in 240.6(A).
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(D) DC Rating |
Listed for DC use.
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690.9 Overcurrent Protection
(E) Series Overcurrent Protection |
A single device is permitted.
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690.10 Stand-Alone Systems
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Wiring should meet code for connected service except as modified by 690.10 (A) through (D)
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