Nd Chapter 11

Front 1

eating stimulates the release of ___________________ (serotonin)

Back 1

neurotransmitters

Front 2

eating stimulates the release of natural ____, including _____,

Back 2

opioids; endorphins

Front 3

-mild and short-term changes in eating patterns
-occur in relation to a stressful event, an illness or a desire to change
diet for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons

Back 3

disordered eating

Front 4

_____ involves ________ changes associated with food restriction, binge eating, purging and weight fluctuations

Back 4

eating disorders; physiological

Front 5

anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, these disorders tend to occur in females (___:1 ratio with males)

Back 5

5

Front 6

eating disorders frequently develop during ______ or _____ and frequently co-occur with psychological disorders such as ____ and ______.

Back 6

adolescence or early adulthood; depression, anxiety and
substance abuse

Front 7

psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self-starvation

Back 7

anorexia nervosa

Front 8

anorexia implies a loss of ______________

Back 8

appetite

Front 9

bulimia means “great ____________”

Back 9

great hunger

Front 10

___% of adolescent or college age women suffer from ______

Back 10

4%; bulimia nervosa

Front 11

traditionally, most researchers have reported that eating disorders primarily affect _____ and _____

Back 11

middle- and upper-class Caucasian women

Front 12

anorexic individuals think they are fat and intensely fear ______________ and weight gain

Back 12

obesity

Front 13

__% of individuals with ______ die from the disease

Back 13

10%; anorexia

Front 14

_______ is the most common cause of death in anorexics

Back 14

suicide

Front 15

_________ is the most common predictor of an eating disorder

Back 15

extreme dieting

Front 16

less than 85% of expected weight or BMI of less than 17.5

Back 16

anorexia

Front 17

excessive exercise

Back 17

hypergymnasia

Front 18

possible bingeing/purging practices

Back 18

anorexia

Front 19

is found primarily (but not exclusively) in adolescent girls, starting at or around puberty

Back 19

anorexia

Front 20

unrealistic expectations

Back 20

Profile of the Typical Person with Anorexia Nervosa

Front 21

parents set high standards

Back 21

Profile of the Typical Person with Anorexia Nervosa

Front 22

typically manifested by an overbearing mother and an emotionally absent father

Back 22

Profile of the Typical Person with Anorexia Nervosa

Front 23

anorexic individuals focus of food, eating and weight instead of _________ relationships

Back 23

human

Front 24

_______________ becomes the life focus (obsessive)

Back 24

dieting

Front 25

often leads to abnormal eating habits and perceptions

Back 25

Early Warning Signs of Anorexia

Front 26

loss of menstrual cycle (hallmark of disease)
-first signs parents notice

Back 26

amenorrhea

Front 27

-excessive diet soft drinks (up to 20 cans)
-excessive gum chewing (sugarless)
-300 to 600 total kcals per day

Back 27

diet patterns change of anorexic nervosa

Front 28

predictable effects are caused by hormonal responses to and deficient nutrient intakes from
semistarvation

Back 28

anorexic nervosa

Front 29

lowered body temperature and _________ intolerance (anorexic)

Back 29

cold

Front 30

reduced production of thyroid hormones

Back 30

anorexic nervosa

Front 31

iron deficiency anemia can lead to further weakness

Back 31

anorexic nervosa

Front 32

-down-like hairs that appear after a person has lost much body fat through semistarvation
-the hair stands erect and traps air, acting as insulation for the body to compensate
for the relative lack of body fat (that usually functions as insulation)

Back 32

lanugo

Front 33

low blood potassium increases the risk of ________ rhythm disturbances.

Back 33

heat (anorexic)

Front 34

increases the risk of _______ later in life

Back 34

osteoporosis (anorexic)

Front 35

intervention by friends and family members

Back 35

treatment of anorexic nervosa

Front 36

hospitalization is necessary once a person falls below ____% of expected weight, experiences acute medical problems and/or exhibits severe psychological problems or suicidal risk

Back 36

75% (anorexic nervosa)

Front 37

the first goal is to gain the patient’s cooperation and trust in order to increase oral food intake
focus then shifts to restoring appropriate food habits
(range of 2 to 3 pounds of weight gain per week is appropriate)

Back 37

nutrition therapy for anorexia

Front 38

rapid changes in electrolytes and minerals in the blood associated with
refeeding can be dangerous (especially ___________, phosphorus and
magnesium)

Back 38

potassium (anorexic)

Front 39

who helps the person learn to eat based on natural _____________ and satiety cues?

Back 39

registered dietician; hunger (anorexic)

Front 40

professionals have to work with anorexics to help moderate their __________ activity

Back 40

physical

Front 41

after physical problems are addressed, treatment focus shifts to the underlying _______ problems

Back 41

emotional (anorexic)

Front 42

therapist can utilize _____________ behavior therapy

Back 42

cognitive (anorexic)

Front 43

intervention
nutrition therapy
psychological and related therapy
family therapy

Back 43

Treatments of Anorexia Nervosa

Front 44

may play a role in treating mood changes, anxiety or psychotic symptoms

Back 44

Zyprexa (anorexia)

Front 45

-may stabilize recovery in patients with anorexia who have attained 85% of their expected body weight
-prolong ___________ activity in the brain which regulates mood and feelings of satiety

Back 45

Prozac; serotonin (anorexia)

Front 46

most common among college-aged successful females (although some high school students are at risk)

Back 46

bulimia nervosa

Front 47

susceptible people often have genetic factors and _______ patterns that predispose them to
becoming overweight

Back 47

lifestyle

Front 48

unlike anorexics, bulimia's are at or slightly above a normal ____________

Back 48

weight

Front 49

people with______recognize their behavior as abnormal

Back 49

bulimia nervosa

Front 50

_______ people tend to be impulsive; expressed in a variety of behaviors

Back 50

bulimic

Front 51

some studies demonstrate that bulimic individuals come from _____________ families

Back 51

disengaged

Front 52

-loose rules
-too little protection
-undefined family roles
-great deal of family conflict exists

Back 52

characteristics of disengaged families (bulimia nervosa)

Front 53

-vomiting
-fasting
-strict dieting
-taking diuretics or laxatives
-excessive exercise (hypergymnasia)

Back 53

characteristics of bulimia nervosa

Front 54

erosion of __________; swollen salivary glands

Back 54

teeth (bulimia)

Front 55

purchase of syrup of _____(induces _______________)

Back 55

ipecac; vomiting (bulimia)

Front 56

binge and purge at least ____ a week for ____ months

Back 56

twice; three (bulimia)

Front 57

may last 30 minutes to two hours

Back 57

binging

Front 58

bulimics commonly consume high _______ convenience foods during binges (cakes, cookies, ice cream)

Back 58

carbohydrate

Front 59

these foods may supply up to 3000 kcal or more during a binge

Back 59

high-carbohydrate

Front 60

___% to ___% of food energy taken in is still absorbed prior to a purge

Back 60

33% to 75% (bulimia)

Front 61

if laxatives or enemas are used, up to __% of food calories (energy) are absorbed

Back 61

90%

Front 62

in “ ” bulimic individuals try to estimate the amount of _______ in a binge and exercise to counteract the excess

Back 62

debting; calories

Front 63

after a binge, they usually feel __________ and depressed

Back 63

guilty (bulimia)

Front 64

_________ due to acid content in vomit

Back 64

teeth demineralization (bulimia)

Front 65

majority of health problems associated with bulimia nervosa are associated with______

Back 65

vomiting

Front 66

decrease blood _________ levels with regular vomiting or use of certain diuretics can disrupt ____ and even result in sudden death

Back 66

potassium; heart rhythms

Front 67

swollen _____________ glands

Back 67

salivary (bulimia)

Front 68

stomach _________ and bleeding

Back 68

ulcers (bulimia)

Front 69

______ tears

Back 69

esophageal (bulimia)

Front 70

ipecac syrup (induces vomiting)
is toxic to the __________, liver and kidneys

Back 70

heart (bulimia)

Front 71

treatment should last at least _____ weeks

Back 71

16 (bulimia)

Front 72

first goal is to ___________ the amount of food consumed in a binge session

Back 72

decrease (bulimia)

Front 73

_______ improves a persons’ self-acceptance and helps one to be less concerned
about body weight

Back 73

psychotherapy

Front 74

______ is the only antidepressant approved by the FDA for treatment
of bulimia

Back 74

Prozac

Front 75

-correct misconceptions about food
-re-establish regular eating habits

Back 75

nutritional counseling's two main goals

Front 76

bulimics tend to eat very quickly reflecting their difficulties with ___________

Back 76

satiety

Front 77

binge-eating disorder, night eating syndrome and female athlete triad

Back 77

other disordered eating patterns

Front 78

defined as binge-eating episodes not accompanied by ___________ at least 2 times per week for
at least 6 months

Back 78

purging (binge-eating disorder)

Front 79

40% are ________

Back 79

males (binge eating disorder)

Front 80

-eating during a specific and discrete period of time
-consuming a larger amount of food than normal
-a sense of lack of control during the binge episodes
-eating more rapidly than normal
-eating until feeling uncomfortably full

Back 80

characteristics of binge-eating disorder

Front 81

triggered by anxiety or ______________

Back 81

depression (binge-eating)

Front 82

individuals engage in binge-eating in an attempt to avoid feeling and dealing with ____ and ____

Back 82

emotional pain and anxiety

Front 83

eat food continually over an extended time period

Back 83

grazing (binge-eating disorder))

Front 84

purging or prolonged food restrictions are ____ characteristics of binge-eating disorder

Back 84

not

Front 85

food is used to reduce stress, produce feelings of power and well-being, avoid feelings of
intimacy with others and avoid life problems

Back 85

binge-eating disorder

Front 86

use food as a _______

Back 86

coping mechanism (binge-eating disorder)

Front 87

binge-eating usually increases feelings of ________.

Back 87

guilt, embarrassment and shame

Front 88

some people that practice _______have been shaped by families that do not address and
express feelings in a healthful manner

Back 88

binge-eating

Front 89

learn to respond to hunger rather than ______________ needs

Back 89

emotional (binge-eating disorder)

Front 90

Overeaters Anonymous create an environment of encouragement and __________________

Back 90

accountability (binge-eating disorder)

Front 91

characterized by evening ______________ and nighttime awakening accompanied by the ingestion
of food

Back 91

hyperphagia (night-eating syndrome)

Front 92

____ is eating more than one-_____ of the total daily calories after the evening meal

Back 92

hyperphagia; one-third

Front 93

_____ rhythm of _____ intake appears to be disturbed in night eating syndrome

Back 93

circadian; food (night eating syndrome)

Front 94

women participating in appearance-based and _______________ sports

Back 94

endurane (female athlete triad)

Front 95

-disordered eating patterns
menstral
-compromised bone density (osteoporosis)

Back 95

Components of female athlete triad

Front 96

loss of menstrual periods in female athletes results from a decrease in female reproductive
hormones especially _______________

Back 96

estrogen (female athlete triad)

Front 97

-reduce preoccupation with food, weight and body fat
-gradually increase food/snacks to an appropriate amount
-achieve an appropriate weight for height
-establish regular menstrual periods
-decrease training time and/or intensity by 10% to 20%

Back 97

treatment suggestions for female triad syndrome

Front 98

provide information about normal changes that occur during _______________

Back 98

puberty (preventing eating disorders)

Front 99

correct misconceptions about nutrition, healthy body weight and approaches to weight loss
-healthful outlook toward food and body weight

Back 99

preventing eating disorders

Front 100

-teach basics of proper nutrition and regular physical activity in school and at ___________

Back 100

home (preventing eating disorders)

Front 101

-enhance tolerance for ____ in body weight and shape and personal food choices

Back 101

diversity (preventing eating disorders)

Front 102

-promote healthful food practices

Back 102

preventing eating disorders

Front 103

focuses on __________________, as opposed to restriction and perfection

Back 103

moderation (changes to be made in society)

Front 104

______ is a complex hormonal disorder and is a leading cause of ____________

Back 104

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome); infertility

Front 105

-hormonal imbalance causes tiny cysts to surround the ______________ like a chain of pearls

Back 105

ovaries (PCOS)

Front 106

-difficulty losing weight
-intense cravings for carbohydrates
-irregular or absent periods
-these symptoms have a direct effect on body image and self-esteem; relationship
between PCOS and eating disorders is suspected

Back 106

signs and symptoms of PCOS