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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cancer warning signs:
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C= change in bowel or bladder
A= a lesion that wont heal U=unusual bleeding or discharge T=thickening or lump I=indigestion or diff. swallowing O=obvious changes in wart/mole N= Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness |
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Hypermetabolic state due to:
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rapid and uncontrolled growth of cancer.
malnutrition muscle breakdown dehydration are all concerns. Elevated BUN and Uric Acid |
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Confirmation of DX:
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via biopsy
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Staging of cancer:
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cancer is stages I through IV
from least invasive to most aggressive Stage I: local in one body part Stage II: locally advanced Stage III: More Advanced. Determined by type of cancer Stage IV: Metastasized to other organs |
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Treatment: Chemo:
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the more aggressive the CA, the more aggressive the TX.
Combination of chemo agents, and radiation along with surgery may be used. Chemotherapy used to targer rapidly growing cells Antiemetics before chemo |
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TX: Antineoplastics:
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bone marrow suppression
Monitor for signs and symptoms Avoid infections incl. coming in contact with anyone who has received a live vaccine |
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chemo can cause:
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stomatitis: use soft tooth brush or gentle spray
Alopecia associated with Chemo neurotoxicity peripheral neuropathy (both can be reversed if caught early) |
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Immune modulating agents:
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Interleukin and interferon used to boost immune system to fight CA
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Cisplatin (Platinol)
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adverse reaction is ototoxicity with hearing loss or tinnitus
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Cyclophostphamide (Cytoxan)
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Hemorrhagic cystitis is adverse reaction. consume large amounts of fluids during therapy
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Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
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Causes N & V
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Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
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can cause stomatitis and hyperuricemia
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Imatinib (Gleevec)
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Monitor for bleeding tendancies
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Methotrexate
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Monitor drug levels due to potential for toxicity
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Melphalan (Alkeran)
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monitor for leucopenia
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Leucovorin (Wellcovorin)
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used to diminish toxicity of folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate
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L-asparaginase
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used for acute lymphocytic anemia. Can have anaphylactic reaction.
Epinephrine and O2 n hand when administered |
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Prednisone
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used frequently in combo with chemo for leukemia
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Allopurinol
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may be given to prevent uric acid buildup and kidney damage
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Leukemia:
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crowding of the bone marrow due to overproduction of white blood cells
can be acute or chronic both types seen more often in adults May be lymphocytic or myelocytic |
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ALL
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia |
primarily seen in kids.
"The LITTLE guys" |
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AML
Acutye Myelocytic Leukemia |
primarily in adults and more prominment in males.
"The MEN" |
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CML
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia |
may only live 2 years. The are MADE for heaven.
Those with CML have splenomegaly. Usually have to have spleenectomy |
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CLL
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
can live 10 yers. They are chronic and LIVE LONGER
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma:
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type of lymphoma characterized by orderly speak of disease from one lymph node group to another.
systemic symptoms develop with advanced disease REMEMBER; YOU CAN HELP HODGKINS |
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Hodgkins DX & TX:
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Reed-Sternburg cells present in biopsy of lymph nodes
Staging laparotomy performed to determine extent and TX TX with combo radiation and chemo which can result in a cure Alopecia common with TX Monitor alkaline phosphatase. Increase may indicate metastasis to bone or liver |
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Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma:
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Cancer of the cells of the lymph system.
May occur in single lymph node, a group of nodes or an organ such as the spleen. Lymphoma can spread to almost any part of body inc: liver, bone, bone marrow and spleen. Overtime, the lymphoma cells replace normal cells in marrow. |
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Lymphoma:
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type of neoplasm that originates in lymphocytes
many types such as poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma whic is tx with radiation. This type has a better prognosis that other types |
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Multiple myeloma:
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type of CA of the plasma cells in bone marrow which are the cells that produce antibodies.
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Multiple myeloma tumors:
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present in the bone and displace calcium from the bone into blood stream.
Dec. RBC, WBC and platelets Inc. BUN, creatinine, Ca+ Monitor for signs of hypercalcemia |
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S & S of hypercalcemia:
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mental dullness
dec. reflexes anorexia N&V constipation weakness and fatigue polyuria signs of dehydration Protein and high calcium levels can lead to renal failure,. |
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Bence Jones protein
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seen in urine in Multiple Myeloma
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Bone marrow biopsy:
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shows large plasma cells and confirms diagnosis of myeloma
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Tx of multiple myeloma:
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combo chemo and bone marrow transplant (if young)
Will be immunocompromised Up and wt. bearing activity recommended High caloric intake with adequate fiber |
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Clinical correlation of Chemo:
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chemo is elimiated in urine
blood, emesis, urine and any excretion should be considered contaminated. Gloves should be worn Contaminated linens, wash seperately, twice if necessary All contaminated disposable items should be sealed in plastic bags and put into biohazard containers those receiving chemo should not share bathroom with family, children or those who may be or are pregnant |
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Bladder instillation
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(intravesicle) chemo for bladder CA
Urine is a biohazard Disinfect urine and the the toilet for 6 hours after TX |
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Radiation
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done Mon - Fri at center
avoid lotions at site of radiation localized skin reactions occur avoid sun exposure to site radiation implants may be perm. or temporary Radon seeds may be implaced for oral CA. side effects include nausea and vomiting Cleanse mouth with gentle spray Private room to decrease exposure to others |
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Common fears of radiation:
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being radioactive afterwards
fear of being burned TX failure and side effects. Incl. fatigue, nausea and vomiting |
