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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABG Norms:
pH paO2 paCO2 HCO3 O2 Saturation |
pH 7.35-7.45
paO2 80-100 paCO2 35-45 HCO3 22-26 O2 Saturation 95-100 |
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Digoxin
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.8-2.0
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Theophylline
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10-20
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Dilantin
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10-20
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Librium
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.8-2.1
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Gentamycin/Tobramycin
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5-10
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PT
INR APTT |
9.5-12 secs
1-2 20-45 secs |
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Urine Specific Gravity
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1.005-1.03
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RBC
WBC Platlets Hgb Hct |
4.2-6.3
4000-10000 135000-400000 12-18 36-54% |
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BUN
Creatine |
10-20
.8-1.2 |
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Protein-Total
Albumin |
6-8
3.5-5.0 |
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Amylase
Lipase |
60-160
0-160 |
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Calcium
Phosphorus Sodium Potassium Chloride Magnesium |
8.5-10.5
3-4.5 135-145 3.5-5 98-108 1.6-2.6 |
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Cholesterol
LDL HDL Triglycerides |
140-199
less than 130 30-70 less than 200 |
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TSH
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.2-5.4
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Respiratory Alkalosis- Cause
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Hyperventilation,fever,overventilation by mechanical ventilator, pain, hypoxia, anxiety
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Respiratory Alkalosis- S/S
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HA, tachypnea, light headedness, change in LOC, paresthesias, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
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Respiratory Acidosis- Cause
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Hypoventilation, Asthma and other respiratory conditions, Brain trauma
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Respiratory Acidosis- S/S
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tachypnea, HA, restlessness, confusion, diaphoresis, hyperkalemia, dysrythmias
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Metabolic Acidosis- Cause
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DKA,diarrhea, renal failure, malnutrition
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Metabolic Acidosis- S/S
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Fruity breath, kussmaul respirations, HA, nausea, vomiting,hyperkalemia
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Metabolic Alkalosis- Cause
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GI problems, suctioning, vomiting, diuretics
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Metabolic Alkalosis- S/S
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Nausea, vomiting, hypokalemia, hypocalemia, twitching, restlessness
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Isotonic IV Fluids
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0.9% NS
5%D/W LR *inadequate fluid intake |
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Hypotonic IV Fluids
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0.45% NS
*DKA, perspirations, ESRD,diarrhea |
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Hypertonic IV Fluids
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5% D1/2NS
5% D/NS 10% D/W 5% LR *chronic malnutrition, chronic illness |
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Hyponatremia Cause
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diaphoresis, wound drainage, NPO, RF, CHF, hyperglycemia
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Hyponatremia S/S
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HA,nausea, abdominal cramping, muscle weakness, tachycardia,
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Hypernatremia Cause
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Cushings, corticosteroids, NPO, diet
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Hypernatremia S/S
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pulmonary edema, diminshed reflexes, muscle twitches,
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Hypokalemia Cause
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diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suctioning
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Hypokalemia S/S
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thready, weak, irregular pulse; anxiety, ST depression, T wave
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Hyperkalemia Cause
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potassium sparing diuretics, Addisons, tissue damage
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Hyperkalemia S/S
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tall T waves, prolonged PR, flat P waves, widened QRS complex; muscle cramps, diarrhea, decreased BP
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Hypomagnesium Cause
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malnutrition,diarrhea, vomitting, celiac and chrohns disease, hyperglycemia
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Hypomagnesium S/S
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depresses ST segments, shallow respirations, positive Trousseaus and Chvostek sign, tetany
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Hypermagnesium Cause
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antacids
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Hypermagnesium S/S
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hypotension, bradycardia, widened QRS prolonged PR interval, absent reflexes, drowsiness
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Hypophosphatemia Cause
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malnutrition, RF, hyperglycemia
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Hypophosphatemia S/S
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weakness, deep tendon reflexes, irritability, seizures, decreased CO
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Hyperphosphatemia Cause
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Renal insufficiency, dietary intake
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Hyperphosphatemia S/S
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prolonged ST, QT interval; hyperactive tendon reflexes, cramps, hypotension
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Electrolytes:
Parallel Inverse |
Parallel
Sodium/Calcium/Magnesium/Chloride Inverse Sodium/Potassium Calcium/Phosphate Hydrogen/Potassium |
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Adrenal gland
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regulates NA and electrolyte balance, flight or fight, metabolism or nutrients; epi and norepi produced, synthesizes corticoids
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Pituitary gland
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promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by the kidney; ADH, oxytocin, produces all the hormones
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Thyroid
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controls rate of body metabolism and growth
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Parathyroid
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controls CA and phosphorous metabolism
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Ovaries
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estorgen and progesterone
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Testes
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testosterone
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Hypopituitaryism
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obesity, cardiac output dec, infertility, fatigue, low BP
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Acromaegaly- hyperpituitaryism
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large feet and hands, arthritc changes, deep voice, organomegaly, rough skin
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DI
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hyposecretion of ADH, low spec gravity, dehydration sx
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SIADH
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excess ADH released, hyponatremia, fluid overload
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Addisons
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hyposecretion adrenal hormones, everything slowed, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia
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Addison Crisis
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hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, shock, hyperkalemia
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Cushings
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hypersecretion of adrenal hormones;moon face, buffalo hump, hurutruism, hyperglucemia/hypernatremia/inc wbc, hypocalcemia/kalemia
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Hypothyroidism
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metabollsim dec, could go into a myxedema coma
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Hyperthroidism
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metabolism inc, goiter, exopathalum; thyroid storm
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hypoparathyoid
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hypocalcemia/ hyperphospatemia
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hyperparathyroid
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hypercalcemi/hypophosphatemia
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