Nclex Pharmacology For Cardiac

Front 1

Class: BETA BLOCKERS/Antihypertensive

Back 1

**TIP: end in "OL"
EX: Inderol/Metroprolol, Toprol
-Action: Lower BP, antianginals, antidysrhythmics, slow heart rate
-Side Effects/Adverse: decrease HR, BP, Bronchoconsticion, orthostatic hypotension
***HOLD IF HR IS <60

Front 2

Class: Calcium Channel Blockers/Antihypertensive

Back 2

**TIP: end in "PINE"
-EX; Amlodipine, Nicardipine
-Action: Lower BP, antidysrhythmic, antianginal
-Side Effects/Adverse: Bradycardia, hypotension, HA, dizziness
***HOLD IF HR IS <60

Front 3

Class: Ace Inhibitor/Antihypertensive

Back 3

***TIP: end in "PRIL"
-EX: Enalapril, Captopril, Lisinopril
-Action: Lower BP
-Side Effects/Adverse: Constant cough, hyperKalemia, Hypotension, Not for Asthmatics, can cause hypoglycemia in DM, fluid retention, NO K+ sparing diuretics with this, teratogenic

Front 4

Class: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers/Antihypertensive

Back 4

***TIP: Ends in "ZOSIN"
EX: Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
-Action: Lower BP, decreases LDL's, BPH
-Side Effects/Adverse: Nasal cong, edema, dizzy, lightheaded, syncope, not safe for asthmatics, OTC cold meds, highly protein bound, increased syncope with nitrates

Front 5

Class: "ARBS"Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers/Antihypertensive

Back 5

***TIP: End in "SARTAN"
EX: Losartan, Valsartan
-Action: Lowers BP
-Side Effects: NO COUGHING, Angioedema, hypotension, teratogenic, no OTC or Herbals

Front 6

ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE INTERVENTIONS

Back 6

-Check BP/HR Prior to administration: <100Systolic or <60 diastolic=HOLD
-Monitor for edema
-Many used in conjunction with diuretics
-Do not abruptly DC any! Can=rebound hypotension
-African Americans respond poorly to BB (1st line)/do better with diuretics or combos

Front 7

Class: Anticoagulants/Anti-platelets
Heparin

Back 7

EX: Heparin, Lovanox
-Action: anti-clotting (prevents, NOT dissolving) thru blockage of thrombin conversion to fibrinogen to fibrin. Use in acute thrombosis, PE, DVT, during and after Heart valve surgery
-Side Effects: itching, burning, bleeding
-Monitor thru PTT 55-85=therapeutic/Norm=20-35
-Administer through Sub Q injection 2" around umbilicus/90 Degrees, no rubbing after or aspirating b4!
-Antidote=Protamine Sulfate via IV

Front 8

Class: Oral Anticoagulant
Warfarin/Coumadin

Back 8

thru inhibition of Vit K synthesis in liver,
Side Effects/Adverse: N/V/D, anorexia, bleeding risk, monitor with:
PT=1.5-2.5 (Norm=12)
INR=2-3 (Norm=1.3-2.0)
Antidote=Vit K, keep leafy greens stable in diet, no large fluctuations/use soft toothbrush, electric razor

Front 9

Anti-platelet Drugs

Back 9

EX: Clopidogrel/Plavix
(Triclopidine/Triclid, Dipyridamole/Persantine)

-Plavix=Same as Coumadin for implications

Front 10

Anti-lipidemics/Statins=most common

Back 10

EX: Lescol, Zocor, Pravachol, Lipitor, Mevachor
-Action: Inhibit cholesterol synthesis in Liver
-Side Effects/Adverse: Liver enzymes, Cataract formation,Rhabdomyolosis
-DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY, LIFE LONG COMMITMENT OR MI

Front 11

Cardiac Output formula

Back 11

HR X STROKE VOLUME = CARDIAC OUTPUT

Front 12

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Back 12

EX: Digoxin/Lanoxin therapeutic level: 0.5-2.0
ACTIONS: Increase stroke volume thru contraction strength, slows conduction and rate
INDICATIONS: CHF, Atrial dysrhythmias, Left sided failure=pulmon cong, Right sided failure=periph edema
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE: Can cause Vtach,(USE DILANTIN FOR DIGITALIS INDUCED DYSRHYTHMIAS) bradycardia, heart blocks
ADVERSE: DIG TOX=Green/yellow halos, N/V/HA, Vision probs, confusion ***Antidote: Digibind
***Don't give if HR is <60!!!

Front 13

Angina

Back 13

-Cardiac pain/pressure
-3 TYPES:
1-Classic/stable: exertion or stress
2-Unstable: occurs frequently, progressive/most concerning
3-Prinzmetal's (variant): occurs @ rest d/t coronary artery spasm

Front 14

Anti-anginal Drugs

Back 14

EX: Think NETWORK: NBC
**N=Nitrates (dilate veins/reduce O2 demands)
**B=Beta Blockers (Reduce HR, O2 demand & Contractility)/NOT effective in Variant Angina
**C=Calcium Channel Blockers (Dilate arterioles, reduce O2 demand and afterload, and relax coronary arteries which increases O2 available)

Front 15

Anti-Anginal/Nitroglycerin

Back 15

EX: Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid, Transderm Nitro, NTG
-Action: reduces; preload, afterload, myocardial O2 demand
SE: N/V/ **SEVERE HA, dizziness, weakness, flushing, reduced BP, increased HR
Interacts: anti-hypertensives & alcohol=Increased hypotensive effects
***DATE BOTTLE, GOOD ONLY 6 MOS./can repeat dose every 5 min. up to 3 TOTAL DOSES

Front 16

Anti-dysrhythmics/BB, CCB

Back 16

EX: Inderal/Propranolol, Adenosine, Verapamil/Isoptin, Diliazem/Cardizem
ACTIONS: Restore rates and rhythms to normal
Indications:Cardiac arrhythmias: tachy, brady, irregular

Front 17

Diuretics

Back 17

Osmotics=Mannitol-for cerebral edema, kidney failure, decreases IOP & ICP-Pulls lrg proteins
Loop-EX: Lasix/Furosemide=****most common for Heart pts
Potassium Sparing-EX: Aldactone/weaker than others/***retains K+ B CAUTIOUS
Thiazides: EX: Hydrodiuril: HTN, EDEMA, Used in combos