Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Med: Inject into catheter to clear occlusion (dissolve clot)
|
Urokinase (Abbokinase)
|
|
|
Vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure and CO.
Give for cardiac arrest, hypoT *monitor urinary output *infuse w/ dextrose solution (not NS) |
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
|
|
|
Low-dose: dilates renal & coronary arteries
High-dose: vasoC; increases myocardial O2 consumption *HA is early symptom of excess *use infusion pump |
Dopamine (intropin)
|
|
|
Give for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, syncope, excessive uterine contraction
*carefully aspirate syringe before IM and SC doses *always check strength: 1:100 for inhalation, 1:1,000 for SC or IM *ensure adequate hydration |
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
|
|
|
Used for heart block, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyC
BronchoD used for asthma and bronchospasms *Don't give at hs (interrupts sleep patterns) |
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
|
|
|
Dilates cardiac veins and arteries
Decreases preload and afterload Increases myocardial perfusion *SE: HypoT |
Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
|
|
|
In general, nursing considerations for meds to treat hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis
|
Monitor VS
Measure urine output Assess for extravasation Observe extremities for color and perfusion SE: serious rebound effect may occur |
|
|
"pams" and "lams" are frequently what kind of drug?
|
Benzodiazepine Derivatives (Anti-anxiety) (example: DiazePAM)
|
|
|
General SE of Anti-anxiety drugs
|
Sedation
Depression, donfusion Anger, hostility HA Dry mouth, constipation BradyC Elevations in LDH, AST, ALT Urinary retention |
|
|
General NC for Anti-anxiety drugs
|
Monitor liver function
Monitor for therapeutic blood levels Avoid alcohol Caution when performing tasks requiring alertness (driving car) Benzos are also used as muscle relaxants, sedative, hypnotics, anticonvulsants |
|
|
Use: anxiety, sedation, alcohol withdrawal, seizures
*watch for toxic buildup in elderly *potential for abuse/addiction *can develop tolerance *alcohol increases CNS depression *cigarette smoking increases clearance of drug |
Diazepam (Valium)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
|
|
CNS depressant for Anxiety
*safer for elderly *No alcohol/other CNS depressants *check renal and hepatic fnct *don't discontinue abruptly *addictive potential *Safety: Orthostatic HypoT |
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (Klonopin) Lorazepam (Ativan) Oxazepam (Serax) |
|
|
CNS depressant used for preop sedation, conscious sedation and dx tests
|
Midazalam (Versed)
|
|
|
Anti-anxiety med
* requires >3wks to be effective *can't give PRN *Good for GAD (generalized anxiety disorder) *NO ABUSE POTENTIAL - use for pts w/ previous addiction *No ETOH or grapefruit juice |
Buspirone (BuSpar)
|
|
|
Anti-anxiety med
*No dependence, tolerance or intoxication *can be used for anxiety relief for indefinate periods SE: drosiness, ataxie, LEUKOPENIA, HypoT (safety) |
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
(Atarax) |
|
|
Herbal similar to a Benzo
*suppresses emotional excitability, gives mild euphoria *don't take w/ CNS depressants *NOT for pregnant or lactating women or kids <12yrs SE: impaired thinking, judgement, motor reflexes, vision, dec plasma proteins, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, dyspnea, pulmonary HTN |
Kava
|
|
|
Herbal used for prevention and tx of "jet lag" and insomnia
*CI in hepatic insufficiency, hx of cerebrovascular dz, depression, and neurologic disorders |
Melatonin
|
|
|
General SE for antacids
|
Constipation, diarrhea
Acid rebound between doses Metabolic acidosis |
|
|
NC for antacids
|
Reduces absorption of tetracyclines, quinolnes, phenothiazides, iron preps, INH
May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives and salicylates Monitor bowel fnct (can cause bowel addiction) Give 1-2 hrs after eating and other meds F&E balance |
|
|
Antacids
*contain sodium (monitor for sodium restricted diet) *encourage fluids *Monitor for signs of phosphate deficiency (malaise, weakness, tremors, bone pain) |
Aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel)
Calcium carbonate (Titralac) Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate |
|
|
NC for Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
|
Store at room temp w/ tight lid (prevent absorption of CO2)
Can lead to dependence with prolonged use CAUTION w/ renal dz |
|
|
NC for Maalox
|
slight laxative effect
encourage fluids CAUTION w/ renal dz |
|
|
General SE for antidysrhythmics
|
Hypotension (SAFETY with position change)
BradyC Confusion |
|
|
Class 1A Antidysrhythmics
SE: HypoT and Heart Failure NC: Monitor BP, widening PR, QRS or QT intervals Toxic SE have limited use |
Procainamide (Pronestyl)
Disopyramine (Norpace) |
|
|
Class 1B Antidysrhythmics
SE: slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, HypoT, BradyC NC: Monitor for CNS SE Monitor BP and heart rate and cardiac rhythm |
Lidocaine (xylocaine)
Mexiletine hydrochloride (Mexitil) Tocainide hydrochloride (Tonocard) |
|
|
Beta blockers
SE: BRONCHOSPASM (airway issues), BradyC, HypoT (safety) NC: monitor apical heart rate (for 1 min), cardiac rhythm, BP, assess for SOB and wheezing |
Propanolol (Inderal)
Acebutolol (Sectral) Esmolol hydrochloride (Brevibloc) Sotalol hydrochloride (Betapace) |
|
|
Class III Antidysrhythmics
*unique SE: photosensitivity and photophobia (need sunglasses and sunscreen) |
Amiodarone hydrochloride (Cordarone)
Ibutilide fumarate (Covert) Dofetilide (Tikosyn) |
|
|
Antidysrhythmics
*apical pulse and BP *orthostatic precautions *report signs of HF |
Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem hydrochloride (Cardizem) |
|
|
Antibiotics: TX of severe systemic infections of CNS, respiratory, GI, urinary tract, bone, skin, soft tissues, acute pelvic inflammatory dz, TB (streptomycin)
|
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Neomycin Streptomycin Tobramycin (Tobrax) Amikacin (Amikin) |
|
|
SE for Gentamicin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin (Antibiotics)
|
Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
|
|
|
NC for Gentamicin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin (Antibiotics)
|
Check 8th cranial nerve fnct (HEARING)
Check renal fnct (BUN, creatinine) Usually prescribed for 7-10 days (take till gone!) Encourage fluids (3000mL/day) Small, frequent meals C&S prior to hanging med Check expiration date (some become toxic) |
|
|
SE of cephalosporins (antibiotics)(general)
|
Abdominal pin, NVD, inc risk of bleeding, hypoprothrombinemia, bone marrow depression, rash, superinfections, thrombophlebitis (IV), abscess formation (IM,IV)
|
|
|
NC for cephalosporins (antibiotics) (general)
|
W/FOOD (unique for antibiotics)
liquid form to kids Vitamin K available for hypoprothrombinemia No ETOH during & 3 days post med Cross allergy w/ penicillins Monitor renal & hepatic fnct Monitor for thrombophlebitis |
|
|
SE for Antibiotics to treat infection by E. coli, chronic bacteria, post-exposure to anthrax:
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Levofloxacin (Levequin), Norfloxacin (Noroxin) |
HA, Nausea, Diarrhea (destroys normal flora), Elevated BUN, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase
Dec WBC and hematocrit Rash Photosensitivity |
|
|
NC for Antibiotics to treat infection by E. coli, chronic bacteria, post-exposure to anthrax:
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Levofloxacin (Levequin), Norfloxacin (Noroxin) |
C&S prior to starting
1h before or 2h after meals w/ glass of water Fluids (3,000mL/day) Full course of therapy Iron prep and antacids interfere w/ absorption |
|
|
SE of Vancomycin (antibiotic)
|
Thrombophlebitis
Abscess formation Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity |
|
|
NC of Vancomycin (antibiotic)
|
Renal & Hearing fnct (monitor)
Give IV; peak 5 min, duration 12-24 hrs Avoid extravascation "Red man syndrome" -> give antihistamine - dec BP, flushing of face and neck Contact MD if signs of superinfection (sore throat, fever, fatigue) |
|
|
Antibiotics given when pt is allergic to PCN
|
Erthromycin (Erythrocin)
Azethromycin (Zithromax) |
|
|
NC for Erthromycin (Erythrocin) &
Azethromycin (Zithromax) - (Antibiotics given when pt is allergic to PCN) |
*Confusion (unique for antibiotics)
1h before or 2-3h after meals w/ full glass of water take around the clock monitor liver fnct |
|
|
NC for Penicillins
|
C&S prior to tx
if IV -> monitor lytes & cardiac status rotate injection sites mouth care if diarrhea -> give yogurt or buttermilk **Airway mgmt if allergic reaction |
|
|
SE unique to antibiotics for Sulfonamides
Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) |
peripheral neuropathy
crystalluria, proteinuria photosensitivity |
|
|
General NC/SE for antibiotics
|
GI upset/Stomatitis
nephrotoxcity C&S prior to starting empty stomach with water (all but cephlosporins) Fluids Take full course |
|
|
Unique SE for Tetracyclines (antibiotics)
Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Minocycline (Minocin) Tetracycline HCL (Panmycin) |
Don't take during pregnancy: discoloration and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus
phototoxic reactions (sunburn type) Don't take w/ antacids, milk, iron preps (separate by 3h) Protect from sunlight Use additional contraception method in addition to oral contraceptives |
|
|
Important NC for anti-impotence (vasoD's)
Sildenafil (Viagra) Vardenafil (Levitra) Tadalafil (Cialis) |
Never take with nitrates - could have fatal hypoT
No grapefruit juice CI w/ glaucoma |
|
|
General SE/NC for Anticholinergics
|
Blurred vision
Dry mouth Urinary retention Changes in heart rate CI w/ glaucoma |
|
|
Heparin antidote
|
Protamine sulfate w/in 30 min
|
|
|
Warfarin (Coumadin) antidote
|
Vitamin K
(avoid foods high in vitamin K: GLV, pork, rice, yogurt, cheeses, fish, milk) |
|
|
Herbal and vitamin interactions with anticoagulants
Heparin Lovenox Warfarin (Coumadin) |
Garlic, ginger, ginko INC effect (inc bleeding)
Vitamin E INC warfarin's effect Ginseng, alfalfa and Vit C may DEC effect Chamomile may interfere |
|
|
General SE for Anticonvulsants
|
Cardiovascular DEPRESSION
Respiratory DEPRESSION Agranulocytosis Aplastic anemia |
|
|
General NC for Anticonvulsants
|
Tolerance w/ long-term use
WEEN, don't discontinue abruptly CAUTION w/ MAOI's, antipsychotics (lowers seizure threshold) CNS/Resp DEPRESSANT (safety) |
|
|
Important NC for Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) (Anticonvulsant)
|
Contact HCP if rash develops
|
|
|
Important NC for Levetiracetam (Keppra) (anticonvulsant)
|
Watch for suicidal ideation
|
|
|
Important/unique NC for Phenytoin sodium (Dilantin)**
(anticonvulsant) |
IV admin: may lead to CARDIAC ARREST - have resuscitation equipment at hand
Never mix w/ any other drug or dextrose IV (own port) Oral hygiene Inc vitamin D intake - exposure to sunlight may be necessary w long-term use Take w/ at least 1/2 glass water or meals to minimize GI irritation Inform: red-brown or pink discoloration of sweat and urine |
|
|
Important NC for Phenobarbital (Luminal) (anticonvulsant)
|
Nystagmus ("dancing eyes" - involuntary eye movements) may indicate early toxcity
Folic acid supplements for long-term use |
|
|
Important NC for Magnesium sulfate (anticonvulsant)
|
Evaluate deep tendon reflexes
Before each dose, knee jerks should be tested HyptoT is a SE (safety) |
|
|
Unique NC for Valporic acid (Depakote) (anticonvulsant)
|
Don't take with carbonated drinks
Monitor platelets, bleeding time, and liver fnct |
|
|
Important NC with Lamotrigine (Lamictal) (Anticonvulsant)
|
Life-threatening rash when given with Valporic acid (Depakote)
|
|
|
Important/unique NC for Topiramate (Topamax) (anticonvulsant)
|
Increased risk for renal calculi
Stop drug immediately if eye problems - could lead to permanent damage |
|
|
General NC for antidepressants (SSRIs)
Fluoxetine (Prozac) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertaline (Zoloft) |
Take in AM
4 wks for full effect (suicide precautions) DO NOT give w/ MAOI's (serotonin syndrome risk) pink urine Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia |
|
|
Unique NC/SE for Tricyclics (antidepressants)
Amitriptyline (Elavil) Imipramine (Tofranil) Norpramin (Desipramine) |
Orthostatic HypoT
Bone marrow depression photosensitivity anticholinergic effects sedation |
|
|
Info for Rapid-acting insulin
Lispro (Humalog) Aspart (NovoLog) "Logs roll rapidly" |
Onset:5-15min (should eat w/in this time)
Peak: 40min-1hr Duration: 3-6hr |
|
|
Info for short-acting insulin (Regular)
Humulin R, Vovolin R, Iletin II Regular |
Only type of insulin that can be given IV
Clear solution Give 20-30 min before meal Onset: 30-60min Peak: 2-3hr Duration: 4-8hr |
|
|
SE of Glucagon (med given for HypoG)
|
HypoT
Bronchospasm Dizziness |
|
|
Lithium (for manic episode in bipolar disorder) info & therapeutic blood target level
|
1-1.5 mEq/L
Check 2-3x/wk when started and monthly on maintenance draw in AM prior to dose FLUID (2,500-3,000mL/day) & SODIUM intake important |
|
|
Digoxin (Lanoxin) digitalizing dose (oral)
|
0.5-0.75mg po
Then 0.25 mg po q 6-8hrs to a total dose of 1-1.5mg |
|
|
Digoxin (Lanoxin) digitalizing dose (IV)
|
0.25-0.5mg IV
Then 0.25mg IV to a total dose of 1.0mg |
|
|
Therapeutic blood level for Digoxin
|
0.5-2 nanograms/mL
(Toxic = >2) |
|
|
Antidote for Digoxin
|
Digibind (give for toxicity)
|
