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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Specific Gravity
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1.010-1.030
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Potassium
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3.5-5.5
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Sodium
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135-145
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Total Serum Calcium
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8.5-10.5
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Magnesium
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1.5-2.5
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RBC
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4.2-6.2 M
4.2-5.4 F |
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WBC
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5,000-10,000
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Hemoglobin
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13-18% M
12-16% F |
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Hematocrit
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42-50% M
40-48% F |
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PTT (measures effectiveness of Heparin)
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20-45 seconds
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PT (measures effectivenss of coumadin)
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9.5-12.0 seconds
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Total Cholesterol
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Optimal <200
High >239 |
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Creatine
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0.6-1.7
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BUN
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10-20
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pH
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7.35-7.45
< acidosis > alkalosis |
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PaO2
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80-100
<80 hypoxemia |
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Albumin
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4-4.5
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Bicarbonate
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22-26
<22 acidosis >26 alkalosis |
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pCO2
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35-45
>45 acidosis <35 alkalosis |
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Liver Biopsy
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Admin Vit K before to reduce hemm, Pt NPO AM, Pt supine to left, rt. arm up, pt asked to hold breath, after pos. rt. side
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Paracentesis/Thorocentesis
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Done at bedside; pt. in semi- sitting upright at edge of bed or straddling the chair, empty bladder before, no coughing when needle inserted
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Positioning for unconsious pt.
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Flat in bed with head turned to 1 side
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Cytoscopy
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Direct visualization of the bladder; pt. NPO night before, will exp. mild buring after when pee and urine will be pink--encourage fluids
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IVP
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Pt NPO; clean bowel before and rehydrate after, pt. semi-fowlers to prevent dye from irritating
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Lumbar Puncture
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Pt. lateral recombent fetal position, knees drawn to abd. head flexed to chest
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ECT
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prep-NPO, consent
post-pos. unconsious pt., suctioning at bedside |
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Enemas
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Pt. sim's position with rt. knee flexed, hold irrigation 12-18 inches for high enema, insert tube no more 3-4 inches for adult, 2-3 inches for child
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Sigmoidscopy/Proctoscopy
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Laxitive PM, enema AM, NPO night before
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Aminocentesis
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Done at 16 weeks to detect genetic disorder, 30 weeks to determine lung maturity; before pt. should empty bladder, monitor fetus after
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2.2 lbs = how many kg?
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1 kg
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1 L = how many mL?
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1000 ml
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1 mL = how many cc?
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1 cc
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30 mL = how many oz?
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1 oz.
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240 mL = how many cups?
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1 cup
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1 gr = how many mg?
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60mg
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Diet for Celiac Disease
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No BROW (bran, rye, oat, wheat)
*Can eat rice and corn |
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Diet for RF
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Low Protein, K, NA
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Diet for PKU
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Low Protein
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Frontal Lobe
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Controls voluntary muscle mvts and contains motor areas for speech, center for personality, behavior functions, memory, emotion, problem solving
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Temporal Lobe
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Controls hearing, smell, taste, interpretation of spoken language
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Parietal Lobe
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Coordinates and interprest sensory information from oppposite side of body
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Occipital Lobe
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Interprets visual stimuli
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Blood Transfusion--Allergic reaction
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Itching, fever, hives, anaphylactic shock
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Blood Transfusion--Hemolytic reaction
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Nausea, vomiting, pain in lower back, hypotension, increase pulse rate
*caused by incompatibility |
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Blood Transfustion--Febrile Reaction
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Fever, chills, nausea, headache
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Blood Transfusion--Bacterial Reaction
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Tachycardia, hypotension, fever, chills, shock
*cuased by contaminated blood product |
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I Olfactory Nerve
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Sense of smell
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II Optic
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Sense of vision
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III Oculomotor
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Pupil constricion, raising of eyelids
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IV Trochlear
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Downward & inward mvt of eyes
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VI Abducens
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Lateral mvt of the eyes
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VII Facial
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Facial muscle mvt., Taste
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VIII Acoustic
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Hearing & balance
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IX Glossopharyngeal
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Pharyngeal mvt and swallowing
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X Vagus
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Swallowing and speaking
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XI Spinal accessory
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Flexion and rotation of head; shrugging of shoulders
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XII Hypoglossal
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Tongue mvts.
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Bronchoscopy
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NPO night before, no smoking before and after because can precipitate coughing; atropine sulfate to decrease oral secretions, semi-fowlers, pt. hoarse, sore throat, NPO until gag relex returns
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Hyponatremia
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Decreased NA
h/a, muscle weakness, fatigue, apathy, confusion, postural hypotension, anorexia, n/v, wt. loss, coma |
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Hypernatremia
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Increased NA
dry mucous membranes, decreased urinary output, tachycardia |
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Hyperkalemia
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Increased K
n/v/d, irritability, weakness, oliguria, arrhythmias, EKG changes |
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Hypocalcemia
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Decreased CA
osteoporosis, fractures, tingling, convulsions, muscle spasms, tetany |
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Ultrasound
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Fetal Gestation
Placental location Multiple fetal pregnancy |
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Amniocentesis
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Detect genetic and neural tube defects, assess fetal pulmonary maturity, determine fetal sex
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Non-stress test
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Assess fetal status; if fetus isn't moving, give juice so mom and baby can have energy
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Insulin Administration
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*Clear before cloudy
*Gently rotate vials *Rotate injection sites |
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Addisons' Disease-signs and symptoms
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hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension, weakness and lethargy, weight loss, crave salt, bronze skin
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Addisons' Disease- key interventions
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admin IV hydrocortisone, IV fluids, don't allow pt. to sit up/stand quickly
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Cushing's Disease-sign and symptoms
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Amenorrhea, hypertension, mood swings, muscle wasting, wt. gain (buffalo hump, moon facies
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Cushing's Disease- key interventions
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Adenalectomy/post-op care, assess edema, limit water intake, weigh the pt. daily
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Hyperthyroidism- signs and symptoms
*Graves Disease |
a-fib, bruit/thrill over thyroid, diaphoresis, palpitations, tachycardia, soft nails, hyperactive so tired, heat intolerance
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Hyperthyroidism-key interventions
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thyroidectomy, iodine preparations, assess cardiovascular status, fatigue, no caffeine, IV fluids
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Hypothroidism- signs and symptoms
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cold intolerance, thick and hard nails, dry flaky skin, menstal disorders, wt gain
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Hyothroidism- key intervetions
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Thyroid hormone replacement therapy-Synthroid or Cytomel, 1/2 dose sedatives or narcators, force fluids
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Anticholinergic effect
*Elavil, Tofranil, Wellbutrin |
confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, difficulty starting and continuing to urinate, and loss of bladder control.
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Lithuim
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eliminated through kidney- impt. monitor kidney function, adequate salt intake impt. to preven retention, monitor for fine hand tremors
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Steriods
*ACTH, corticsteriod, predinose |
suppress inflammation; makes bones soft and brittel, can cause high blood pressure, SE include fluid retention, HTN, mood swings, wt gain
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Myasthenia Crisis
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extreme weakness and fatigue, drooping of eyelid, dyspnea; keep suction at bedside, assess swallow and gag reflexes
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Guillian Barre Syndrome
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muscle weakness ascending from legs to arms; sensory loss precedes motor loss, risk resp. failure, turn lots, encourage fluids
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Angina
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provoked by exercise, sudden and lasts few minutes, indigestion type pain that always radiates to l. shoulder down to l. arm; give nitro and rest
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MI
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not so much from exercise, pain sudden and lasts a while, severe and sharp across the chest; give morphine
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CA Channel Blockers
*Verapimil, Procardia |
assess BP b/c can cause sudden hypotension
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Beta Blockers
*olols |
assess HR b/c can cause bradycardia
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Nitro.
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for sublingual, pt. must wait for table to dissolve before swallowing; for paste, rotate application site and apply to clean, dry and hairless area; LIMIT 3 relief in minutes otherwise see MD
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Left Ventricular Failure
"left think lungs" |
increase workload on heart b/c pulmonary circulation backed up, frothy sputum, non-productive cough, crackles, cheynes-stokes; give morphine and slow RR, O2
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Right Ventricular Failure
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pitting edema in legs, asictes, jugular vein distention, wt. gain; give Digoxin, diuretics, low NA diet, weigh daily
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Digoxin
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check apical pulse, don't give if HR less than 60, K level must be normal, GI side effects, dysthrhymias and visual disturbances if toxicity
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ICP
*s/sx shock exact opposite |
widening BP, bradycardia, labored breathing, increased temp., warm, flushed skin, dilated pupils, LOC worsens; also h/a, projectile vimiting
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Expressive asphagia
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inability to express ideas- will recognize an object but won't know name
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Receptive asphagia
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inabiity to understand spoken word-use nonverbal communication, face the pt and speak slowly
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Global asphagia
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both expressive and receptive; prognosis poor
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Anti-convulsants
*Dilantin, Tegretol |
don't stop taking abruptly b/c can precitate seizure; may cause drowsiness, insomnia, anxiety, tremors, h/a
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Choleystitis
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RUQ pain, clay-colored stools, pain radiates to back and shoulder
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Pancreatitis
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LUQ pain, flank pain
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