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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NFPA 701/ UL 214
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Vertical Ignition Test: Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films: Window treatments: Propogation of flame beyond the area exposed to ignition source: Pass fail
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NFPA 260/ CAL TB 117/ASTM E 1353
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Cigarette Ignition Resistance Test of funiture components: "Standard Method of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Funiture: Tests resistance of upholstered furniture componnents to flame and cig. ignition (fabric and fillings)
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NFPA 261/ CAL TB 116
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Cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites "Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies: Tests resistance of seat cushion mock up to cigarette, cush fails in breaks into flames or char more than 2" (not open flame test)
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Class A
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BIFMA (Buisness and Institutional Manufacturers Association) classification: most resistant to charring and Does not ignite.
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NFPA 266/ CAL T 133
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Full seating test:"Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture Exoised to flaming ignition source" Open flame on actual sample chair: measures rate of heat, smoke, concentration of carbon oxides [most important measurement- rate of heat release (intensity)] Most stict test for furniture
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Char
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Material remaining from incomplete combustion
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Fire Resistance
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property of material or assembly to withstand fire
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Flammable
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Easy to ignite
Capable of burning |
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Flame Retardant or fire retardant
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Will ignite but not support burning
used as adjective only |
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Smoldering
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combustion without flame
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ASTM D4157
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Wyzenbeck Abrasion Resistance test: woven textiles, rubbed back and forth, 3000dr(double rubs)= light duty, 9000 dr= medium duty, 15000dr= heavy duty
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ASTM D3884
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Taber Abraser test: textiles- most commonly used for carpet, rotated so that the sample rubs two wheels moving in opposite directions
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ASTM D4966
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Martindale Abrasion test- similar to Wyzenbeek
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AATCC Method 16
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Fade-Ometer test: exposes textiles to ultraviolet light, 80 hours without color loss is a minimum rating
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AATCC
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American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
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AATCC Method 8
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Crocking resistance test: rubbed with white cloth, measures chromatic transference- wet or dry
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BIFMA
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Buisness and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Assocaiation: measures standards for office furnishings
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Put these 8 items in order of most resistance to fire, when untreated: Modacrylic, Olefin, Wool, Nylon, Cellulosic Fibers, Acrylic, Silk, Polyester
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1. Wool
2. Silk 3. Modacrylic 4. Nylon 5. Olefin 6. Polyester 7. Acrylic 8. Cellulosic Fibers |
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Name 3 Cellulosic fibers
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cotton, rayon, linen
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What type of batting is the best choice when flammability is high priority?
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Polyester
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Properties of Wool
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Individual fibers are weak
Excellent Resilience Best for all fabrics Excellent elasticity Will burn but is self-extinquishing Expensive Not dimensionally stable |
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Properties of Cotton
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Cellulosic
Inexpensive good tensile strength good abrasion resistance poor resiliance and recovery degrades in sun burns redily subject to mildew |
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Properties of Linen
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cellulosic
bast fiber- from stalk of flax plant seldom used for upholstery lacks resiliance lacks flexibility susceptble to abrasion does not take dyes tow linen (short staple fibers) stable and resistant to fading uses: drapery and wallcovering |
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Properties of Silk
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Fibers spun by silkworm larve
strong good resiliance good flexibility expensive degrades in sun |
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Properties of Rayon
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Worst fabric:Regenerated Cellulosic fiber
poor resist. to sun poor resilience high absorbancy flammable seldom used for upholstery |
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Properties of Acetate
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Regenerated Cellulosic Fiber
low cost flammable does not wear well poor sunlight resistance |
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Properties of Nylon
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Popular synthetic
exceptionally strong high resiliency and elasticity resistant to chemicals, water, and bacteria |
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Properties of Acrylic
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often used as wool replacement
(look of wool) good strength good resilience resists sunlight flammable |
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Properties of Modacrylic
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good strength
good resilience resists sunlight More resistant to heat and flame |
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Properties of Olefin
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Inexpensive
Highly resistant to Chemicals, mildew, and microorganisms Highly resilient Nonabsorbant Useful in carpet/carpet backing |
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Auora FR
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Polyester yarn that is permanently flame resistant
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Crypton
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Stain, water, flame, and bacteria resistant
(immersion in chemical solution and given chemical spray on back) |
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Gore
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Upholstery fabric lamination
breatheable moisture barrier to back topical coating to front |
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What are the flammability properties of wool and nylon?
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Both burn when in flame but self- extinquish when flame is removed.
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What are the flammability properties of olefin and cotton?
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Both burn even when flame source is removed.
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What are PBDEs and where are they used?
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Poly-Bromated Diphenyl Ethers are halogenated flame retardants that cause neurological and reproductive damage in animals- used in furniture, carpeting, textiles, electronics,a dn building materials
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What batting is most resistant to cigarette ignition?
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Neoprene and combustion modified polyurethane
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What are the general rules on contingencies when doing a budget?
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When doing an early project budget the percentage should be higher than those added later.
5%-10% Can do seperate for construction vs FF&E, or 1 for everything. |
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Name the two most common color systems.
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Brewster (or Prang) and Munsell
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Describe the color system:
Brewster/Prang |
Common color wheel:
3 primaries-RBY primaries mixed in = amts are secondaries primary + secondary= tertiary |
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Describe the color system:
Munsell |
Munsell is most accurate color system
3 scales= hue, value, chroma 5 principal hues= red, yellow, green, blue,and purple designated by one letter 5 intermediate hues designated by 2 letters Value= degree of light to dark white is at top (10) black is at bottem (0) Chroma- outward from value axis- outside most saturated inside is closer to gray Example: G/6/3= Green hue/ value 6/ chroma 3 |
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What is the golden ratio and state it's formula.
What is the greek letter and approximate value? |
The most pleasing proportion
A:B::B:(A+B) Smaller part is to largest part as larger part is to whole Greek letter- phi Appox value is 1.618 |
