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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metal
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Is:
Dense Ductile Malleable Lustrous Conducts heat Conducts electricity Has high melting and boiling points |
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Lattice
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Is the structure of a metal. The atoms are arranged rows with the valence shells overlapping. This means the free electrons are free to move.
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Metallic Bond
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The force of attraction between the positive nuclei and the negative free electrons in a metal. This attraction holds the lattice together.
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Thermal Conductivity
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Heat conducting.
Particles gain energy from an increase of movement/vibrations of the atoms in the metal. These vibrations 'bump' neighbouring atoms therefore giving more kinetic energy--> transferring along the metal like a domino effect. |
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Electrical Conductivity
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The free electrons in a metal can carry an electrical current. This makes metals good conductors of electricity.
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Malleability/Ductility
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Malleable - bendable
Ductile - make into wire The free electrons in the lattice allow metal atoms to easily slide over each other. They act as 'rollers' but the metal doesn't fall apart due to the metallic bond. |
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Density
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How packed the atoms are.
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High Melting/Boiling Points
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The metallic bond in a metal is very strong and requires a lot of energy to break.
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Metal + Water --> ?
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Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Some metals won't react with cold water, but will react with steam. e.g. Fe, Zn |
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Metal + Oxygen --> ?
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Metal oxide
Very reactive metals lose shine. Less reactive will tarnish over time. Li, Na are so reactive they are stored in oil. |
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Metal + Acid = ?
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Metal salt + Hydrogen
e.g. Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid = Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen Sodium + Sulfuric acid = Sodium sulfate +Hydrogen |
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Testing of Hydrogen Gas
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Metal + Acid in tube.
Bubbles of H will form, test tube heating up. Collect H gas. Burning splint at mouth of H tube. Hydrogen gas will make a 'pop' sound in contact with the heat. |
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Alloys
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A mixture of elements, (at least) one of which is a metal.
May be: harder, stronger, lightweight, less corrosive and more malleable than the pure metals they contain. |
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Corrosion
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Metal + Water + Oxygen
NB: Rusting is the corrosion of iron |
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Prevention of Corrosion
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Galvanise (coat in zinc)
Sacrificial metal (more reactive metal) attached to metal. |
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Alkali Metals
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AKA alkali metals because they form alkaline solutions.
First group. Have 1 valence electron. Violent reactions so are stored in oil Very soft Have relatively low melting and boiling points |
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Lithium + Water
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Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Li melts and forms liquid ball Floats and moves around surface H produced may ignite with a red flame |
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Sodium + Water
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Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Floats and moves quickly on surface Ignites and burns with yellow flame May explode |
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Potassium + Water
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Ignites instantly and burns with lilac/purple flame
Usually explodes |
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Activity series
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Na, (Li,) Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Ag
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