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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prior to the 1960s, counseling took place in what types of atmosphere?
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Dyadic-Counselor and patient
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Characteristics of a group
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-defined membership
-degree of unity and interaction -shared purpose |
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The term "group therapy" was coined bt
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Jacob Moreno
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Who is Joseph Pratt?
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formed the first counseling groups from 1905-1923
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Freud's group book
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Group psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
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What type of work did Jacob Moreno do?
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Psychodrama work with groups, acting out situations
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Two group organizations in 1940s
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American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychdrama, and American Group Psychotherapy Association
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Whose work prefaced group work now?
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Alfred Adler-child guidance facilities in Vienna
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Primary groups
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used to precent and ward off problems
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Secondary groups
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Problem or disturbance is present but is not severe
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Tertiary groups
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issues that are more serious and longstanding
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Group norms
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govern acceptable behavior and group rules
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What began the flourish of group therapy in the US?
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WWII's shortage of therapists
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group content
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refers to material discussed during group
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group process
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the manner in which discussions and transactions occur
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group cohesiveness
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forces which tend to bind group members together
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George Gazda
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proposed three types of groups: guidance, counseling, and therapy
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Field theory
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invented by Kurt Lewin; suggests that cohesiveness was seen as a binding force between group members
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Kurt Lewin
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field theory
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guidance group
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preventative groups
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therapy groups
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more severe and longer in duration
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counseling groups
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less structured
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structured exercises
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-seen as less effective because group stages can be passed over and purge feelings too rapidly.
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disadvantage of group work
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feelings cannot be processed with individuals properly
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risky shift phenomenon
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group decisions are less conservative than the average group member's decision prior to discussion
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"T-groups" stands for
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training groups, such as to improve human relations
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taxonomy
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science of classification
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assertiveness training groups have activities that are...
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highly structured and behavioristic in nature
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support group
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-also known as self-help group
-group of people that are all trying to cope with a given issue -voluntary |
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marathon group
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used over an extended period of time on the premise that defenses will drop and the person can become genuine
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screening
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recommended for all group members prior to enrollment in groups to ensure appropriateness
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which type of person is not appropriate for group?
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self-centered, hostile, psychotic, suicidal, paranoid, or suicidal clients
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Ideal candidates for group
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verbal, open to feedback, and believe in group
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benefit of individual screening before groups
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improve client-counselor interactions
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most important trait for group members
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trust in others
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closed groups
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-no new persons can join once group begins
-promotes cohesiveness -can end if all members leave |
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open groups
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-new members can enter and leave at any time
-more stable in that numbers are constant -leaves new members at a disadvantage of missed info |
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when others are speaking, the counselor should
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face the speaking member
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in a flexible seating arrangment, those that are ______ tend to seat near each other.
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similar
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universality
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we are not the only ones with a given problem
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three types of leadership
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autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire
-invented by Lewin, Lippitt and White in 1939 |
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autocratic
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authoritarian
-superior when immediate decisions are necessary |
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democratic
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decisions are made jointly
-most desireable of three |
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laissez-faire
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hands off, members can do as they please without leader interference or direction, participates very little
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coleadership
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-groups with more than one leader
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advantages of coleadership
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-can be lead if a leader is absent
-two leaders can focus on dynamics better than one -leaders can process feelings between sessions -reduces burnout -helps deal with countertransference |
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disadvantages of coleadership
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-leaders may work against each other
-leaders can be intimate -leaders question each others' competence |
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cross-purposes
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can happen when co-leaders do not meet between sessions
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Corey recommends that effective group leaders should
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-run a group and participate in a group to understand the group process
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Effective number in an adult group
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5 or 6 to 8
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Effective number of children in group
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less members than adults, around 5 or 6 for adolescents and 3 or 4 for children.
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Longer groups
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can withstand more members, around 10.
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Appropriate amount of time for group
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around 2 hours
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risks should be discussed..
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before and during the initial session
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regarding risks, leaders should..
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-protect members
-reduce risks as possible |
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the ASGW states that if a group member wants to leave
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they must be allowed to withdraw
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norms
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range of acceptable behavior within the group
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group dynamics
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study of group operations
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dynamic
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always-changing
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one weakness in many groups is..
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lack of appropriate goal setting
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structured groups tend to use
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many exercises and techniques
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"unstructured" in groups is frowned upon because...
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a group cannot NOT have structure.
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Structured exercises early in group
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improve communication later
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sociogram
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pictorial account of member interaction
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Karpman's drama triangle
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depicts the roles of persecutor, rescuer, and victim in relationship
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energizer
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stimulates enthusiasm in the group
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scapegoat
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person everyone blames
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gatekeeper
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tries to ensure that everyone is doing his/her part
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interrogator
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asks never-ending string of questions
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follower
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goes with rest of group
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harmonizer
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make certain everything is going smoothly
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cohesiveness can lead to disadvantages such as
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-decreased creativity
-can cause conformity |
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task roles
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-help solve problems
-helps groups carry out tasks -seen as positive -aid in goal setting |
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maintenance role
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maintain or strengthen group processes
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self-serving roles
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negative seen as those who meets own needs at the expense of the group
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role conflict, in groups, is when
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there is a discrepancy between the role and how he/she behaves for this role.
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initial stage of group is characterized by...
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approach-avoidance behaviors
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suspicion of others is in which stage?
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first stage
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fights between group members is in which stage?
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second, storming
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hierarchy of others occurs in which stage?
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second, storming
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family scupturing
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family members are instructed to arrange themselves spatially to create a live representation of bonds, feelings, or closeness
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summarization
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recapitulating what one has learned in session
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blocking
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stopping inappropriate behaviors or discussions
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linking
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relating one person's statement to another's
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horizontal interventions
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group as a whole
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vertical interventions
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individuals within the group
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future group work will probably be more like
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life skills training
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groups are effective...
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although we are unsure why.
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advantages of group
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-participants learn social interactions similar to those in the real world
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Conyne suggests that groups are to...
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prevent, correct, or enhance behavior
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to enhance children's experience in group, a leader should
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involve parents
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to assess impact of group, a leader could
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have an observer sit in and rate the level of change
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when an adolescent complains, a leader should
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help them see the other side
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to enhance children's experience in group, a leader should
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involve parents
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to assess impact of group, a leader could
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have an observer sit in and rate the level of change
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when an adolescent complains, a leader should
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help them see the other side
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