Nccpt Ch 6

Front 1

3 Anatomical Planes

Back 1

1. Sagittal Plane

2. Frontal Plane

3. Horizontal Plane

Front 2

Sagittal Plane

Back 2

-aka the median or anteroposterior plane

-is an imaginaryplane that runs anterior (front) to posterior (back) and superior (top) toinferior (bottom), splitting the body into left and right halves.

Front 3

Frontal Plane

Back 3

aka the coronal or lateral plane

runs side-to-side andsuperior to inferior, splitting the body into front and back halves.

Front 4

Horizontal Plane

Back 4

also known as the transverseplane

runs side-to-side and anterior to posterior, splitting the body intotop and bottom halves.

Front 5

Anatomical Positions

Back 5

terms describing movement.

Are relative to the body, not body position in space.

Front 6

Anterior

Back 6

AKA: Ventral

Refers to the front of thebody.

Front 7

Posterior

Back 7

AKA: Dorsal

Refers to the back of the body.

Front 8

Superior

Back 8

The position above

Front 9

Inferior

Back 9

The position below

Front 10

Medial

Back 10

Toward the midline of the body.

Front 11

Lateral

Back 11

Away from the midline of the body

Front 12

Proximal

Back 12

Nearest the trunk

Front 13

Distal

Back 13

Away from the center of the body

Front 14

Superficial

Back 14

Near the surface

Front 15

Deep

Back 15

Below the surface

Front 16

Cephalic

Back 16

Pertaining to the head

Front 17

Caudal

Back 17

Pertaining to the tail end

Front 18

Unilateral

Back 18

AKA Ipsilateral or Isolateral

Refers to one side.

Front 19

Bilateral

Back 19

Refers to both sides

Front 20

Flexion

Back 20

a joint action that occurs around the transverse axes (throughtop and bottom half of joint) through these joints and causes limbmovements in sagittal planes; or if past neutral in a position of extension,the movement back to neutral.

Front 21

Extension

Back 21

-the joint action that occurs around the transverse axes through thesejoints when the joint motion is moving from a position of flexion back to, orpast, anatomical neutral in the sagittal plane.

Front 22

Hyperextension

Back 22

is motion or a position extending beyond anatomical neutral or zerodegrees.

Front 23

Lateral Flexion

Back 23

when it crosses that lateral axis. So for neck/head its leaning head to right or left.

Front 24

Protraction/Abduction

Back 24

Abductionis the joint action that occurs around either the anterior-posterior axes ortransverse axes, causing joint movement awayfrom anatomical position in the frontal or transverse planes, when joint motionmoves from a position of adduction to or past neutral.

Front 25

Adduction

Back 25

Adductionis the joint action that occurs around either the anterior-posterior ortransverse axes, causing joint movement returningfrom a position of abduction to neutral or anatomical position; or crossing the midline of the bodyin the frontal or transverse planes.

Front 26

Supination

Back 26

isthe motion of the foot consisting of adduction followed by inversion.

Front 27

Pronation

Back 27

is the motion of the foot consisting of adduction followed by eversion.

Front 28

Inversion

Back 28

occursin the frontal plane when twisting the foot so the medial side of the sole islifted inwards through a combination of supination and adduction.

Front 29

Eversion

Back 29

occurs in the frontal plane when twisting the foot so the lateral sideof the sole is lifted outwards through a combination of pronation andabduction.

Front 30

Circumduction

Back 30

forms an imaginary “O” and is actually a combination of four movements:flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction. (a big circle)

Front 31

Internal/ Medial

Back 31

When the contact surfaces of the bone rotate around a longitudinal axis so the anterior surface of the bone moves toward the midline of the body.

Like shoulder or hip rotating in.

(hiprotating 90 degrees in so the foot goes out shoulder rolls in)

Front 32

External/Lateral

Back 32

When the contact surfaces of the bone rotate around a longitudinal axis so the anterior surface moves away from the midline of the body.

like shoulder or hip rotating out

Front 33

hand/finger extension/flexion

Back 33

flexion: hand closes to fist

extension: hand opens

Front 34

knee flexion/extension

Back 34

flexion: knee bends so leg bent

extension: leg straightened

Front 35

hip flexion/extension

Back 35

flexion:leg moves forward

extension: leg moves back down, or back

Front 36

elbow flexion/extension

Back 36

flexion: wrist moves up to shoulder

extension: arm straightens

Front 37

shoulder flexion/extension

Back 37

flexion: arm moves forward and up (vertical)

extension: arm moves down, then back in hyper extension

Front 38

lateral flexion of head/neck/trunk

Back 38

leaning to right or left

Front 39

protraction/retraction of scapula

Back 39

protraction/abduction: scapula out (lift arms above head)

retraction/adduction: scapula pulled in (lower arms)

Front 40

thigh abduction/adduction

Back 40

adduction: leg going towards midline of body

abduction: going away

Front 41

anatomical position

Back 41

standing naturally, all joints at anatomical neutral but full supination at radio-ulnar joint (palms forward)