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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 Anatomical Planes |
1. Sagittal Plane 2. Frontal Plane 3. Horizontal Plane |
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Sagittal Plane |
-aka the median or anteroposterior plane -is an imaginaryplane that runs anterior (front) to posterior (back) and superior (top) toinferior (bottom), splitting the body into left and right halves. |
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Frontal Plane |
aka the coronal or lateral plane runs side-to-side andsuperior to inferior, splitting the body into front and back halves. |
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Horizontal Plane |
also known as the transverseplane runs side-to-side and anterior to posterior, splitting the body intotop and bottom halves. |
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Anatomical Positions |
terms describing movement. Are relative to the body, not body position in space. |
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Anterior |
AKA: Ventral Refers to the front of thebody. |
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Posterior |
AKA: Dorsal Refers to the back of the body. |
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Superior |
The position above |
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Inferior |
The position below |
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Medial |
Toward the midline of the body. |
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Lateral |
Away from the midline of the body |
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Proximal |
Nearest the trunk |
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Distal |
Away from the center of the body |
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Superficial |
Near the surface |
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Deep |
Below the surface |
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Cephalic |
Pertaining to the head |
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Caudal |
Pertaining to the tail end |
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Unilateral |
AKA Ipsilateral or Isolateral Refers to one side. |
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Bilateral |
Refers to both sides |
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Flexion |
a joint action that occurs around the transverse axes (throughtop and bottom half of joint) through these joints and causes limbmovements in sagittal planes; or if past neutral in a position of extension,the movement back to neutral. |
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Extension |
-the joint action that occurs around the transverse axes through thesejoints when the joint motion is moving from a position of flexion back to, orpast, anatomical neutral in the sagittal plane. |
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Hyperextension |
is motion or a position extending beyond anatomical neutral or zerodegrees. |
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Lateral Flexion |
when it crosses that lateral axis. So for neck/head its leaning head to right or left. |
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Protraction/Abduction |
Abductionis the joint action that occurs around either the anterior-posterior axes ortransverse axes, causing joint movement awayfrom anatomical position in the frontal or transverse planes, when joint motionmoves from a position of adduction to or past neutral. |
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Adduction |
Adductionis the joint action that occurs around either the anterior-posterior ortransverse axes, causing joint movement returningfrom a position of abduction to neutral or anatomical position; or crossing the midline of the bodyin the frontal or transverse planes. |
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Supination |
isthe motion of the foot consisting of adduction followed by inversion. |
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Pronation |
is the motion of the foot consisting of adduction followed by eversion. |
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Inversion |
occursin the frontal plane when twisting the foot so the medial side of the sole islifted inwards through a combination of supination and adduction. |
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Eversion |
occurs in the frontal plane when twisting the foot so the lateral sideof the sole is lifted outwards through a combination of pronation andabduction. |
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Circumduction |
forms an imaginary “O” and is actually a combination of four movements:flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction. (a big circle) |
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Internal/ Medial |
When the contact surfaces of the bone rotate around a longitudinal axis so the anterior surface of the bone moves toward the midline of the body. Like shoulder or hip rotating in. (hiprotating 90 degrees in so the foot goes out shoulder rolls in) |
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External/Lateral |
When the contact surfaces of the bone rotate around a longitudinal axis so the anterior surface moves away from the midline of the body. like shoulder or hip rotating out |
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hand/finger extension/flexion |
flexion: hand closes to fist extension: hand opens |
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knee flexion/extension |
flexion: knee bends so leg bent extension: leg straightened |
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hip flexion/extension |
flexion:leg moves forward extension: leg moves back down, or back |
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elbow flexion/extension |
flexion: wrist moves up to shoulder extension: arm straightens |
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shoulder flexion/extension |
flexion: arm moves forward and up (vertical) extension: arm moves down, then back in hyper extension |
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lateral flexion of head/neck/trunk |
leaning to right or left |
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protraction/retraction of scapula |
protraction/abduction: scapula out (lift arms above head) retraction/adduction: scapula pulled in (lower arms) |
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thigh abduction/adduction |
adduction: leg going towards midline of body abduction: going away |
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anatomical position |
standing naturally, all joints at anatomical neutral but full supination at radio-ulnar joint (palms forward) |