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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why are health assessments necessary? |
1. ID and exclude those who could be complicated 2. Identify those with risk factors 3. those who have significant disease consideration 4. ID those with risk factors |
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If client experiences pain |
discontinue exercise, recommend they see a physician. |
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Risk factors to pay attention to in clients |
1. family history 2. smoker 3. hypertension 4. hypercholesterolemia 5. impaired fasting glucose 6. obesity 7. sedentary lifestyle 8. high serum HDL cholesterol |
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family history signs that are risk factors |
myocardial infraction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death of relative before 55 |
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time limit for cigarette smoking to be risk |
6 months |
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hypertension as risk factor |
stolic bp > 140 mmHg diasolic bp > 90 mmHg must be measured on at least 2 occasions |
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Hypercholesterolemia as risk factor |
- total serum cholesterol of >200 mg/dL - HDL Cholesterol < 35 mg/dL - on lipid lowering medication |
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Impaired Fasting Glucose as risk factor |
Fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dL at least 2 separate tests |
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Obesity as risk factor |
-BMI of > 30 KG/M2 -waist >100 cm |
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ACSM low risk |
-young -asymptomatic -no more than 1 risk factor |
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ACSM medium risk |
older (men >45, women >55) 2 or more risk factors |
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High risk |
individual with known cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease |
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definition of moderate exercise |
-can be sustained for 45 min with gradual initiation and progression -40-60% maximum oxygen uptake |
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definition vigorous exercise |
-substantial cardio-respiratory challenge ->60% max oxygen uptake |
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posture |
-the position of the limbs or the carriage of the body as a whole -the relative position of the parts of the body |
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postural control |
a person's ability to maintain control of the body or the body's segments in response to forces that threaten to disturb the body's structural equilibrium |
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Facilitation |
Enhancement or reinforcement of a reflex or other nervous activity at the reflex center of other exitatory impulses |
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inhibition |
a nerve, stimulation of which represses activity |
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dealing with muscles to deal with posture |
-stretch and lengthen muscles that are short and tight (facilitated) -strengthen muscles that are long and weak (inhibited) |
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Lordosis |
excessive inward curvature of the spine |
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Kyphosis |
excessive outward curvature of the spine (hunchback) |
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Upper Cross and Lower Cross Syndrome |
Lordosis and Kyphosis-
-exaggerated curvature of the spine -head slightly forward; pelvis forward; knees hyperextended -short and facilitated: hip flexors, tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, upper traps, pecs -long and inhibited: lower and middle trapezium, rectus abdominus, gluteus maximum and minimus, the vasti group, anterior tibialis |
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Flat Back Posture |
-head forward, pelvis tilted backwards. lower back straight and flexed.
-short and facilitated: hamstrings and abdominals -elongated and inhibited: hip flexors |
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Sway Back Posture |
-head forward, overly rounded upper back, tail tucked under, hyper-extended hip and knees -short and facilitated: hamstrings, upper internal obliques, neck extensors -long and inhibited: external oblique, hip flexor, upper back extensors, neck flexors |
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handedness |
usually with dominant hand: - that shoulder lower -hip higher on that side -pelvis deviated towards that side -spine deviates towards opposite side, and opposite foot pronated |
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genu valgum |
knocked knees caused by foot pronation |
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genu varum |
bow leggedness -pronation of feet -medial rotation of femurs -hyperextension of knees |
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when doing static posture analysis |
front, then back, then side start at feet ankle right under tibia and fibula knees under big and second toe |
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static posture check |
front, then back, then side head: ear level w/ shoulder cervical spine: slightly convex to anterior scapulae: flat against upper back thoracic spine: slightly convex to posterior lumbar spine: curve towards anterior pelvis: psis slightly below asis hip/knee/ankle joints: neutral |
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steps in dynamic posture assessments- lower extremity
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1. squat 2. single leg stance 3. single leg squat/ toe touch around circle 4. bend and lift/ dumbell rows |
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steps in dynamic posture assessments- upper extremity |
1. latissimus dorsi- reach back over head to touch wall 2. goal posts |
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Comparative Analysis of Lower Extremity (CALE) for Ankle |
1. dorsi flexion 10-20 deg 2. plantar flexion 45 deg 3. inversion 30 deg 4. eversion 20 deg |
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CALE for hamstring |
Popliteal angle test 170 deg |
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CALE for hip (lying on back) |
flexion: 90-120 deg extension: 15-30 deg abduction 30-45 deg adduction 30 deg external rotation 45 deg internal rotation 35-40 deg |
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CALE Thomas Test |
lie on back, one knee to chest, the other with toe to ground (off table). check lordosis and compare to kneeling |
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Comparative Analysis of Upper Extremity (CUAE) shoulders |
flexion: 160-180 deg
horizontal flexion: 135 deg extension: 40-60 deg horizontal extension: 45 deg abduction: 160-180 deg adduction: 50-75 deg internal and external rotation: 45 deg Scapulohumeral rhythm: 1° scapular motionto 2° glenohumeral |
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CUAE elbows |
flexion: 135-160 deg supination: 90 deg pronation: 90 deg |
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genu recurvatum |
knee bends backwards |
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purpose of fitness testing |
-to help build exercise program -allow or evaluation of progress -set attainable goals -education -risk mitigation |
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components of fitness testing |
-resting HR and bp -body composition -cardiorespiratory fitness -muscular strength/endurance -flexibility/ posture -optional others |
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ways to find HR |
1. Chest auscultation- stethoscope on heart 2. radial artery- wrist 3. carotidpalpation- neck |
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reasons HR needs to be accurate |
1. used to calculate exercise targets 2. baseline for comparison 3. used to determine cardio fitness 4. note if very unhealthy/needs to see doctor (average normal RHR= 60-100 bpm) |
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Resting Blood Pressure |
Systolic BP(mm Hg)Diastlic BP(mm Hg)Optimal: S <120 and D < 80 Normal: S 120-129 and D 80-84 HighNormal: S 130-139 or D 85-89 HypertensionS 1: S: 140-159 or D: 90-99 Stage 2: S 160-179 or D 100-109 Stage 3: S ≥ 180 or D ≥ 110 |
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taking bp |
- cuff bottom 1 in above elbow, bladder over brachial artery -bell of stethoscope 1 in below cuff, on brachial artery -inflate to 160mmHg -release pressure 2-3 mmHg/sec -point of first rhythmic sound heard- systolic -pitch changes or noise disappears= diastolic |
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Body Composition |
fat weight(FW) vs. lean body weight(LBW) Femalestend to store fat in the triceps, thighs, and hips,while men store it in their abdomen. |
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anthropometric measurements |
neck, shoulder, abdomen, arm, forearm, waist, hip/buttocks, chest, thigh, calf |
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basic BMI measurement |
KG/M(squared) underweight <18.5 normal 18.5 - 24.9 overweight 25.0 - 29.9 obesity I 30.0 - 34.9 obesity II 35.0 - 39.9 obesity III > 40 |
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waist to hip ratio |
-measurement of dangerous fat around stomach -waist divided by hip Women: ages 17-39: 0.80; w/age: 0.90 Men: ages 17-39: 0.90; w/age: 0.98 |
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hydrostatic weighing |
weighing under water |
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skin fold thickness |
measuring subcutaneous fat |
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bioelectrical impedance analysis |
volt sent through body. the more it is impeded, the more fat present |
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the Bod Pod |
uses air to calculate body composition |
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flexibility |
sit and reach test normal range of motion of sacrum is 80-90 degrees |
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step test |
to test recovery HR. if client has lower RHR 1 min after test, they are in better physical condition and have higher VO2 max bench 12 in, metronome 96 bpm up up down down 3 min |
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muscle endurance |
sit ups/crunches and push ups crunch bpm 80 |
