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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the therapeutic intervention for Aceteminophen poisoning?
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Syrup of Ipecac, IV lavage, administration of Acetylcysteine
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What is the toxic dose of ASA?
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300-500 mg/kg of body weight or 28 baby aspirins for a 9 kg child per day.
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Clinical manifestations of Salicylate poisoning...
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dehydration, diaphoresis, N&V, vomiting, oliguria, hyperpyrexia, hyperpnea, ringing in the ears dizziness, disturbances of hearing and vision,delirium.
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Therapeutic interventions for ASA toxicity:
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Induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, saline catharctics, IV fluids, vitamin K if bleeding, peritoneal dialysis in severe cases, hypothermic blanket when hypothermia is present.
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Nursing care of children with salicylate poisoning:
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Identify the salicylate overdose, assess blood gases and serum lyte concentration frequently, administer sodium bicarbonate, lytes and vitamin K as needed, hypothermic blanket if neccesary.
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Petroleum Distillate Poisoning includes substances such as...
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kerosene, turpentine, gasoline, lighter fluid, furniture polish, metal polish, benezene, napthalane, some insecticides, and cleaning fluid.
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Clinical s/s of petroleum distillate poisoning :
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Gagging, choking and coughing, N&V, weakness, alterations in sensorium such as lethergy.
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Respiratory signs of petroleum distillate poisoning:
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Tachypnea, cyanosis, substernal retractions, grunting
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Therapeutic interventions for petroleum distillate poisoning include:
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Vomiting isn't induced, aspiration is a particular danger because of the risk of chemical pneumonia, Gastric lavage followed by water, milk, or mineral oil.
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Specific nursing care of Petroleum distillate poisoning includes:
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Identify irritant, Avoid causing emesis and do gastric lavage
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Corrosive chemical poisoning would include chemicals such as...
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drain cleaners, electric dishwater granules, and strong detergents.
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Clinical s/s of corrosive chemical poisoning would include:
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Sever pain and burning in the mouth, throat and stomach, white swollen mucous membranes, edema of the lips, tongue and pharynx (Respiratory obstruction), violent vomiting, hemoptysis, hematemesis, signs of shock. Anxiety and agitation.
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Therapeutic intervention for corrosive chemical poisoning...
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never induce vomiting because regurgitation of the substance will further induce damage to the mucous membranes.
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Nursing care for corrosive chemical exposure includes:
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Maintain a patent airway, examine the pharynx for burns, monitor for respiratory difficulty, provide an airway if necessary, Administer steroids if prescribed, avoid causing emesis, give NPO except as ordered and tolerated, dilute with water and/or give a weak vinegar solution to neutralize acid if ordered.
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Plumbism is another name for...
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Lead Poisoning
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What are the etiologies associated with Plumbism??
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Pica, cigarette butts and ashes, color paints in books and magazines, matches, acidic juices in lead glazed or antique pewter, water from lead pipesunwashed fruit with insecticides, lead weights, dust in the air at shooting galleries, cigarette smoke, burning batteries.
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Who does lead poisoning mostly afect?
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Children ages 1-6 with highest incidence in ages 1-3.
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It takes the body ______ as long to excrete lead as it does to absorb it.
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Twice
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Lead is stored in the....
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Bone and soft tissue
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Lead poisoning effects the brain by causing increased permeability which creates...
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Mental retardation, paralysis, blindness and learning disabilities.
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How does Plumbism affect the bone marrow?
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Lead injures the proximal tibial cells which causes the increased secretion of amino acids, protein and glucose and phosphate.
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How does Plumbism affect the RBC's?
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The lead attaches to RBCs causing decreased synthesis of heme and decreases the production of RBC's. Since hemoglobin production is decreased anemia and respiratory distress is noted.
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What are the s/s associated with Plumbism?
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Hyperirritability, decreased activity, personality changes, loss of acquired developmental skills, falling, clumsy, ataxia(loss of coordination), local paralysis, peripheral nerve palsies.
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What are the hematological s/s of Plumbism?
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Anemia and Pallor
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What are the cardiovascular s/s of plumbism?
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Hypertension and Bradycardia
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How would lead poisoning be tx?
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Removal of lead from the environmetn, low fat high FE diet, Chelation tx., supplemental calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D to help lead move from the blood to the bones. Corticosteroids given with encephalopathy and ICU management until acute stage is resolved.
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Why the low fat diet for Plumbism?
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The low fat diet in small frequent meals will reduce GI absorption of lead.
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Calcium and vitamin D are given in Plumbism to help move lead from the blood into the bones, why?
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Because it is toxic in the blood, but not the bones.
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When is chelation therapy for Plumbism initiated?
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With levels of 45-70. (Given in the hospital if levels are over 70).
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These three types of meds. used for chelation therapy which bind with lead in the blood to form non-toxic compounds that are excreted by the bowel and kidneys.
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EDTA,BAL and Chemet
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Chelation therapy medication which is given first to decrease the chances of seizures. Do not give with plant allergies or with FEsupplement. The administration of it IM will cause pain and necrosis at the injection site.
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BAL
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Chelation therapy medication given IV. May be toxic to the kidneys and the output needs to be monitored as well as renal and liver studies.
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EDTA
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Chelation therapy given P.O, but not to clients with encephalopathy, monitor hematologic parameters.
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Chemet
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How frequently would chelation therapy be done with a second course if there was a rebound affect in the blood level?
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Every four hours X 5 days
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For long term chelation therapy which medicatin would be given on an empty stomach 2 hours prior to breakfast?
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Depen
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