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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most common adult complication d/t rheumatic fever
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mitral stenosis
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The most serious side effect from use of the cardiac bypass machine
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Major organ damage
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The major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis
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Hypertension
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Diffuse chest pain occurring when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds ogygen supply
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angina pectoris
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Drug of choice for angina pectoris
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nitro
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In acute MI, CK-MB levels peak
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12-18 hours
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Heart failure symptoms
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pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is associated with heart failure occuring when the patient is:
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Lying down
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Therapeutic objective of Digoxin in heart failure:
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Make the heart beat slower, more regularly, and more powerfully.
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Which diuretic is the drug of choice in treatment of heart failure?
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Thiazides
loop diuretics potassium sparing |
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Peripheral vascular disorders are characterized by:
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lack of blood flow and oxygen
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indicates thrombophlebitis of lower extremity:
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skin warm, aching pain
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Preventive measures for peripheral vascular disorders:
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Avoid smoking
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diltiazem (cardizem) is used in a patient with rapid afib because:
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it decreases myocardial contractility and workload
It is a calcium channel blocker and it reduces oxygen demand |
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Anticoagulants (Ticlid, Plavix) are given post-op to patients with peripheral vascular disease to:
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Inhibit further clot formation
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A common abnormality assoicated with development of peripheral vascular disease:
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high serum lipids
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Vascular changes in hypertension can be directly observed in what part of the body?
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neck (jugular distension)
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Hematologic diseases are often associated with skin problems. Petechiae and ecchymosis are seen in:
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thrombocytopenia
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A woman of child-bearing age complaining of fatigue and exertional dyspnea may be suspected of having:
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Iron deficiency anemia
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In acute, contained blood loss, the transfusion therapy usually indicated is:
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PRBC's
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Family planning is an important part of patient teaching in sickle cessl anemia because the disease is:
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Genetic
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An expected side effect of quinapril (accupril)
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persistent, dry cough
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The clinical symptoms of polychythemia are caused by:
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increased blood viscosity
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Common sequela of disseminated intravascular coagulation:
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hemorrhage
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Patients receiving heparin or coumadin anticoagulants should be instructed to report any incidence of:
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black tarry stools
epistaxis and bleeding gums |
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A patient with heart failure indicates that he understands the restrictions fo his disease by verbalizing that he will do all of the followingEXCEPT:
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take Alka-Seltzer for mild GI upset
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Which foods are usually included in a diet for a patient taking digitalis?
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bananas and oranges
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When giving Laix, assess for:
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postureal hypotension, leg cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
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If the patient's PT is 28 seconds and the next dose is due:
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Call MD
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When giving thiazide diuretics, assess for:
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GI upset, muscle aches and weakness, constipation
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What is true about Buerger-Allen exercises?
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Can be recommended to patients with advanced arterial occlusive disease. Can be used by people with minimal exercise tolerance. Involves elevating legs, placing legs in dependent position, and moving feet/ankles
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"I've been having these leg pains for the last six months when I walk to the store. But when I stop walking, the pain goes away. Assess for:
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peripheral vascular problems in both legs.
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Antidote to heparin
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Protamine sulfate
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Wehn giving a Z-track injection:
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Use a 2-3 inch neadle
Draw up an extra 0.3 ml of air into syringe. Pull skin sideways before inserting needle. Aspirate. |
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The hallmark of acute myocardial ischemia progressing to an infarction is:
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ST segment elevation
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Mrs. Jones was admitted to ICU with severe hyperkalemia. Orders include:
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Kayexalate
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The reason potassium is prescribed with Digoxin and Lasix is:
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To prevent hypokalemia
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Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs are used to detect signs of
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Calcium deficiency.
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PRBC's are ordered for a patient who has had a reaction with blood before. Expect to give:
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Benadryl.
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A colloid solution, salt-poor albumin, may be ordered for a patient in mehorrhagic shock because:
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It contains proteins increasing osmotic pressure, therefore blood volume. It draws fluis from tissues into vasculature.
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The first sign of pulmonary edema
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pallor and restlessness
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Gas exchange within the pulmonary system from the blood occurs through:
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diffusion
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The part of the brain which controls the repiratory rate:
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medulla and pons
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In normal respiratory function, the major stimulus for control of ventilation:
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increased levels of CO2
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hypoventilation will cause:
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Atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory acidosis
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Nursing care of the patient with pneumonia incluses:
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range of motion, coughing, deep breathing, turning, and monitoring for adequate fluids
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An example of COPD:
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chronic bronchitis
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A barrel chest is a common sign of:
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emphysema
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What type of breathing is encouraged for the person with COPD?
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purse lips during expiration
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COPD is diagnosed by:
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pulmonary function testion.
Decreased forced expiratory volume. |
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Which symptoms determine the need for suctioning of a patients trach?
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Noisy repirations, increased pulse, increased respiratory rate.
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Which symptom indicates an upper airway obstruction?
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Laryngeal stridor
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What safety precaution must be taken for a patient with a trach?
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keep an ET tube or extra trach tube available.
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When suctioning the repiratory tract, the nurse should limit suctioning to periods of no more than:
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10 seconds
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A nurse is preparing a patient for endotracheal suctioning. To prevent hypoxemia, she hyperoxygenates the patient using a manual resuscitation bag with 100% 02 four to five times before geginning to suction. The nurse must still limit the actual suctioning to a maximum of:
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10 seconds
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The bet nursing action when a patient begins to cough during tracheal suctioning is to:
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discontinue suctioning to allow for coughing
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When suctioning must be repeated, it is recommended that the nurse allow adequate time for:
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Replenishing of oxygen.
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A patient with TB exposure is started on INH (isoniazid.) The nurse needs to set up what kind of lab studies during the course of therapy?
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Liver enzymes
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Paradoxical respiratory movement, severe chest pain, and tachypnea whith shallow repirations are signs of:
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flail chest
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When a pneumothorax occurs, the lung collapse is related to:
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increased intrapleural pressure
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In a "three-bo0ttle"/3 chamber closed-chest drainage system, what is the appropriate action if the water seal bottle breaks?
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Clamp the chest catheter until reconnected to a new sterile chamber/system
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Placemetn of a chest tube system is performed for all but one of the following reasons:
to remove air fromthe pleural space, to remove blood clots from the pleural space, to remove fluid from the pleural space: |
to facilitate "milking" from the pleural space
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The basic problem associated with cystic fibrosis is:
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thick mucus production
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In patient teaching about cystic fibrosis, it is important for the family to understand that the disease is:
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Hereditary
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Postural drainage to facilitate the flow of secretions from the lower right lobe is best achieved by placing the patient in a:
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left-sided position with head lowered and feet elevated
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During postural drainage, DO:
auscultate the lungs before and after, discontinue if tachcardia, palpitations, dyspnea, or chest pain, encourage patient to cough and expectorate after each positioning |
DO NOT: encourage use of accessory muscles of repiration
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In partially compensated repiratory acidosis, it can be expected that:
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the PH will be decreased or near normal, PCO2 will be increased and HCO3 will be increased
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The most definitive symptom of croup:
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inspiratory stridor
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Asthma in children may be related to:
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allergic reaction to one or more allergens, positive family history, psychogenic factors
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Nursing implications for administration of Rifampin to a TB patient include instructions that:
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Urine will turn orange, side effects may include tingling in fingers or toes, as well as nausea and vomiting.
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the patient has been given a prescription for oral theophylline and the nurse has instructed her to report these symptoms of toxicity:
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nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia
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In a thoracentesis, the needle is inserted into the:
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pleural space
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What drug reverses repiratory depression due to narcotics?
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Narcan (nalozone)
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Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs because:
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CO overwhelms oxygen transport
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pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia
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Most common severe infection associated with HIV
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Meal planning for a patient with pneumonia should include a diet:
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high in carbs and protein
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Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) can best be described as:
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The only known genetic abnormality that leads to COPD, a deficiency of a liver enzyme which helps protect the lungs from a breakdown of WBCs called neutrophil elastase, and often misdiagnosed disease in patients with emphysema who are younger than 60.
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Common causes of community acquired pneumonia include:
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streptococcus pneumonia
haemophilus influenze staphylococcus aureus |
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Leading cause of cancer death in men and women
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Lung cancer
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With the exception of breast cancer, which group has highest mortality rate for cancer?
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African Americans
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What is the most prominent contributor to the cause of cancer
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tobacco smoke
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An alteration in adult cells characterized by changes in the size, shape, and organization is called:
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dysplasia
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A malignant tumor of connective tissue:
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Sarcoma
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In a "three-bottle"/3 chamber closed-chest drainage system, what is the appropriate action if the water seal bottle breaks?
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Clamp the chest catheter until reconnected to a new sterile chamber/system
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Placement of a chest tube system is performed for all but one of the following reasons:
to remove air fromthe pleural space, to remove blood clots from the pleural space, to remove fluid from the pleural space: |
to facilitate "milking" from the pleural space
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The basic problem associated with cystic fibrosis is:
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thick mucus production
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In patient teaching about cystic fibrosis, it is important for the family to understand that the disease is:
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Hereditary
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Postural drainage to facilitate the flow of secretions from the lower right lobe is best achieved by placing the patient in a:
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left-sided position with head lowered and feet elevated
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Malignant tumors often spread to parts of the body away from the primary site of the cancer:
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metastasis
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The nurses's role in the prevention of cancer includes identifying and moderating risk factors. An individual has the most control over:
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nutritional factors
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The seven warning signs of cancer include:
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nagging cough or chronic hoarseness, thickening or change in a skin mole, lump in monthly breast/testicular exam
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Benign tumors may cause harm through:
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pressure on vital organs
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Which procedure is necessary to establish a diagnosis of breast cancer?
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breast biopsy
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therapy aimed to relieving cancer symptoms:
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palliative
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Factors promoting tumor growth can include:
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both parents having an abnormal gene, exposure to various environmental carcinogens, early childhood and old age, increase in vasularization of the tumor.
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The leading new cancer sites by gender:
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breast and prostate
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Benign tumors are characterized by:
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cells imilar to cells of parent tissue, enclosed by a fibrous capsule, rarely recur after removal, usuall regular in shape
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Which lab test is used to differentiate benign and malignant conditions
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biopsy
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It is recommended that cancer-related checkups include:
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prostate-specific antigens yearly for males over 50.
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The nurse's role in the primary prevention of common cancers includes education to prevent:
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Breast cancer by identifying risk factors, teaching monthly BSE, recommending yearly physicals, avoiding a high-fat diet. Lung cancer by identifying family history and exposure to known carcinogens. Skin cancer by identifying risk factors, behaviors, and lifestyl modifications.
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When a patient is receiving external radiotherapy, the nurse should assess for:
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Impaired skin integrity.
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In radiation exposrure, when the half-life is reached, the danger:
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is decreased
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The patient receiving radiation therapy often has conspicuous skin markings:
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Guidelines for treatment and should be left on the skin
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