Nc 1- Critical Thinking And The Nursing Process

Front 1

Critical Thinking

Back 1

In nursing practice is a discipline specific, reflective reasoning process that guides a nurse in generating, implementing, and evaluating approches for dealing with client care and professional concerns. Nurses are expected to use critical thinking to solve a client problems and make better decisions.

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Creativity

Back 2

The ability to develop and implement new and better solutions.

Front 3

Independence

Back 3

Critical thinking requires that individuals think for themselves.

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Fair-Mindedness

Back 4

Critical thinkers are fair-minded, Assessing all viewpoints with the same standards and basing their judgement on personal or group bias or prejudice.

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Nursing Process

Back 5

Is a systemic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

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Phases of the nursing process

Back 6

Assessing,diagnosing,Planning,Implementing, and Evaluation.

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Problem Solving

Back 7

The nurse obtains information that clarifies the nature of the problem and suggests possible solutions.

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Trial and Error

Back 8

One way to solve problems is through trial and error, in which a number of approaches are tried until a solution is found.

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Intuition

Back 9

Is the understanding or learning of things without the conscious use of reasoning.

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Decision Making

Back 10

Is a critical-thinking process for choosing the best actions to meet desired goals.

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Assessing

Back 11

Collecting, validating, and documenting client data.

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Purpose for assessment

Back 12

To establish a database about the client's response to health concerns or illness and the ability to manage health care needs.

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Database

Back 13

Is all information about a client; it includes the nursing health history, physical assessment, primary care provider's history and physical examination, results of laboratory and diagnostic results, and material contributed by other health personnel.

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Initial assessment

Back 14

Performed upon admission of a patient to a hospital or extended-care facility or upon first encounter with a patient in a home or primary care setting .

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Components of an Initial assessment

Back 15

Include a nursing history, review of systems, and may also include a complete H & P health examination.

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Problem-focused assessment

Back 16

Ongoing process integrated with nursing care. PURPOSE: To determine the status of a specific problem identified in an earlier assessment. EX: Hourly assessment of client's I & O

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Emergency Assessment

Back 17

During an physiologic or psychologic crisis of the client. PURPOSE: To identify life-threatening problems and to identify new or overlooked problems. EX: Rapid assessment of a person's airway, breathing status, and circulation during an cardiac arrest.

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Subjective Data

Back 18

Referred to as Symptoms. Apparent only to the person affected and can be described or verified only by that person.

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Time-lapsed Assessment

Back 19

Several months after initial assessment.
Purpose: To compare client's current status to baseline data previously obtained.

Hint 19

Reassessment of a client's functional health patterns in a home care or outpatient setting or, in a hospital at shift change.

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Closed Questions

Back 20

Used in directive interview, are restricted and generally require only "yes" or "no" or short factual answers giving specific information

Hint 20

" what medication do you take?" Often begin with "when', "what", "where", "who", "do(does,did)", or "is(are,was)"

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Subjective Data

Back 21

Only to the person affected and can be described or verified only be that person.

Hint 21

"My head hurts", "I am in pain","My body aches".

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Independence

Back 22

Requires that individuals think for themselves

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Objective Data

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Can be seen,heard, felt, or smelled, and obtained by observation or physical examination.

Hint 23

High Blood pressure, heart murmur

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Primary Data

Back 24

Refers to statements made by the client.

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Support People

Back 25

Family, friends, care givers often can supplement or verify information provided by the client

Hint 25

He had surgery, He used to walk

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Directive Interview

Back 26

Highly structured and elicits specific information

Hint 26

Nurse establishes the purpose and controls the interview

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Non-directive Interview

Back 27

The nurse allows the client to control the purpose, subject, matter, and pacing

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Rapport

Back 28

Is an understanding between two or more people.

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Open-ended questions

Back 29

Invite clients to discover and explore, elaborate, clarify, or illustrate their thoughts for feelings. Answers are longer than one or two words.

Hint 29

Questions may begin with "what" or "how" " What brought you to the hospital?" " How have you been feeling lately?"

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Neutral question

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Is a question the client can answer without direction or pressure from the nurse.

Hint 30

" How do you feel about that?", " Why do you think you had the operation?"

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Leading question

Back 31

Usually closed, directs the client's answer.

Hint 31

" You are stressed about surgery tomorrow, aren't you?"

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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Physiologic-air,food,water,sleep
Safety and security needs-
Love & belonging needs
Self-esteem needs
Self-actualization needs

Hint 32

air,food,water,sleep

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Diagnosing

Back 33

Analyze data, Identify health problems, risks, & strengths

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Eudemonistic Model

Back 34

Focuses on health as well-being, self-fulfillment, and self-actualization.

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Adaptive Model

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view health as adaptation to the physical and social world in which a person lives, and views disease as maladaptation.

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Role performance model

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Views health in functional terms. People who can fulfill their roles are healthy even if they have a clinical illness

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" If i can function, I am healthy"

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Clinical model

Back 37

Views health as the absence of disease.

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Health Status

Back 38

Refers to a person's health state or condition at one particular point in time.

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Health Beliefs

Back 39

reflect the influence of a person's culture and can also influence the health behaviors of a group or person.

Hint 39

Jehovas witness do accept blood.

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Health Behaviors

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Refer to actions taken to promote health, protect health, or prevent illness and disease.

Hint 40

Healthy diet, adequate exercise,sufficient rest.

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High-level wellness in a favorable environment

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A person who implement healthy lifestyle behaviors and has the biopsychosocial, spiritual, & economic resources to support this lifestyle.

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Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment.

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A woman who has the knowledge to implement healthy life style practices but does not implement adequate self-care practices because of family responsibilities, job demands or other factors.

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Protected poor health in a favorable environment.

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Ill person whose needs are met by the health care system and who has access to appropriate medications, diet, and health care instruction.

Hint 43

EX: one with multiple fractures or severe hypertension

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Poor health in an unfavorable environment.

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A young child who is starving in a drought-stricken country.

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You are teaching a 25 year old female self breast examination. You know you need to give more teaching when she says:

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A. I will check my breast after 5-7 days after my period
B. I will check my breast the first of every month.
C. I need a baseline Mammogram at age 40.

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Emergent high-level wellness in an unfavorable environment.

Back 47

A woman who has the knowledge to implement healthy life style practices but does not implement adequate self-care practices because of family responsibilities, job demands or other factors.

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Protected poor health in a favorable environment.

Back 48

Ill person whose needs are met by the health care system and who has access to appropriate medications, diet, and health care instruction.

Hint 48

EX: one with multiple fractures or severe hypertension

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Poor health in an unfavorable environment.

Back 49

A young child who is starving in a drought-stricken country.

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You are teaching a 25 year old female self breast examination. You know you need to give more teaching when she says:

Back 50

A. I will check my breast after 5-7 days after my period
B. I will check my breast the first of every month.
C. I need a baseline Mammogram at age 40.

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Internal variables.

Back 51

Include biologic, psychologic, & cognitive dimensions. They are often described as non-modifiable variables because, for most part, they cannot be changed.

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Internal variables.

Back 52

Include biologic, psychologic, & cognitive dimensions. They are often described as non-modifiable variables because, for most part, they cannot be changed.

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Biologic dimensions

Back 53

Genetic makeup, gender, age, & development.

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Genetic makeup

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Influences biologic characteristics, innate temperament, activity level, & intellectual potential.

Hint 54

EX: People of African heritage have a higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia & hypertension than the general population but may be less susceptible to malaria.

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Gender influences the distribution of disease.

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Certain acquired & genetic diseases are more common in one sex than in the other.

Hint 55

Disorders more common in women include osteoporosis, autoimmune disease such as arthritis. More common in males are stomach ulcers, abdominal hernias, & respiratory dieases.