Nbs 104

Front 1

life prevalence of mood disorders

Back 1

20%

Front 2

basal (typical) symptoms of depression

Back 2

depressed mood, loss of interest and low level of energy ≥ 2 weeks

Front 3

likehood of having another depressive episode is you've had 1 episode

Back 3

50%

Front 4

likehood of having another depressive episode is you've had 2 episodes

Back 4

70%

Front 5

likehood of having another depressive episode is you've had 3 episode

Back 5

90%

Front 6

when does first attack of bipolar diorders most commonly occur

Back 6

between ages 15 and 30 years

Front 7

duration/features of manic/hypomanic episode

Back 7

The episode should last for at least 1 week and should be severe enough to disrupt ordinary work and social activities more or less completely. The mood change should be accompanied by increased energy and several of the symptoms referred to above (particularly pressure of speech, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, and excessive optimism).

Front 8

euthymia

Back 8

neutral mood

Front 9

feature of bipolar depression, percent suicidality

Back 9

Depressive episodes dominate course of bipolar disorder (twice the amount of time as in mania), 80% suicidality

Front 10

how many episodes of disturbed mood (elevations and lowering) is necessary to call it a bipolar disorder

Back 10

at least 2

Front 11

comorbid disorders of bipolar disorders

Back 11

• Substance Abuse – Alcohol, Cocaine, THC
• Narcissistic PD (extreme selfishness), Borderline PD
• 20-30% OCD, Panic Disorder

Front 12

bipolar II disorder - 2 types

Back 12

1. one or more hypomanic episode
2. depressed and hypomanic episode

Front 13

explicit vs implicit emotions

Back 13

1. explicit: conscious - you can describe them
2. implicit: automatic ("look at the nice weather outside"

Front 14

4 steps in situation selection

Back 14

1. Situation → situation modification
2. Attention → attention deployment
3. Appraisal → cognitive change (t”it’s not dangerous”, “boys don’t cry”)
4. Response → response modulation (the change in behavior)

Front 15

4 defining features of anxiety

Back 15

• Feelings of fear or dread
• Not-concrete content
• Inner tension
• Autonomic symptoms

Front 16

the most common mental illnesses are

Back 16

anxiety disorders

Front 17

types of anxiety disorders

Back 17

• SPECIFIC PHOBIA 4.5%
• PANIC DISORDER ± AGORAPHOBIA 2%
• SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER 4%
• POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 3.5%
• OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER 2.5%
• GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 3%

Front 18

medical conditions that can cause anxiety

Back 18

thyreotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma

Front 19

3 theories in psychology of anxiety

Back 19

1. psychoanalytic and dynamic: unconscious conflicts
2. learning and behavioral: learning of maladaptive behavior
3. the cognitive model: disordered cognition leads to mental disorders

Front 20

3 networks regulated by insula

Back 20

1) Central executive network (cognitive tasks)
2) Default mode network → acivated when person does not do anything. Inner immersion/inner world
a. Autobiographical immersion in inner world
b. Prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions
3) Salience network (activated when person process imporance of content; personal value
a. Anterior cingulate gyrus (involved in pathophys of depression, anxiety etc) → its function is to detect negative errors (if you expect something and it does not happen)

Front 21

system mostly targeted in long-term treatment of anxiety

Back 21

serotonin-system

Front 22

locus cerules produce what neurotransmitter

Back 22

noradrenaline

Front 23

2 versions of anxiety

Back 23

1. generalized (free floating)
2. panic (paroxymal)

Front 24

transformation of anxiety into another somatic modality:
1. concretization -->
2. griedf -->
3. dissociation -->
4. compulsiveness -->
5. somatization -->

Back 24

1. phobia
2. anxiety depressive disorder
3. dissociative, conversive disorders
4. OCD
5. somatophorm disorders

Front 25

most frequent presentations of panic disorder (somatic presentation)

Back 25

Most frequent presentations:
o Neurological…………..44%
o Cardiac………………..39%
o Gastrointestinal..……...33%

Front 26

panic disorder

Back 26

Discrete, unexpected episodes of intense fear and alarming physical symptoms (panic attack)

Front 27

panic disorder - men/womenn ration

Back 27

twice as common in women

Front 28

biochem. of panic disorder

Back 28

serotonin deficiency in the limbic system.

Front 29

agoraphobia

Back 29

Anxiety about being in situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing

Front 30

generalized anxiety disorder

Back 30

Chronic, excessive worry, with symptoms of increased motor tension and arousal

Front 31

obsession (def)

Back 31

recurrent uncontrollable thoughts that are intrusive and senseless

Front 32

compulsion (def)

Back 32

repetitive behaviors (rituals) to neutralize discomfort or prevent a dreaded event

Front 33

prevalence of OCD in women/men

Back 33

women = men

Front 34

post-traumatic stress disorder

Back 34

• Occurs in response to an event in which grave physical harm was threatened or occurred
o Event is re-experienced
o Persistent avoidance of reminders
o Persistent increased arousal

Front 35

post - trauma
1. Symptoms > 1 month
2. Symptoms < 1 month

Back 35

1. PTSD
2. acute stress disorder

Front 36

psychiotherapy of stress disorder

Back 36

• Cognitive
• Behaviour
• Interpersonal

Front 37

drug therapy of stress disorders

Back 37

• Minor Tranquilizers
• Antidepressant / Anti anxiety