Nbr Microbiology

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Aschoff Bodies

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Rheumatic Fever

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Babes Ernst Granules

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Metachromatic granules seen in diptheria

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Councilman Cells

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Viral Hep

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Guarneri bodies

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Small pox

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Koplik Spots

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Measles (rubeola)

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Langerhans Bodies

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Tuberculosis

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Lewy Bodies

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Parkinsons (paralysis agitans)

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Mallory Bodies

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Hepatitis (alcoholics)

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Negri Bodies

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Rabies

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Reed Sternberg cells

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Hodgkins

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Natural Active Immunity

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You are exposed to the disease itself and your body builds its own antibodies to fight the disease
*best form of protection

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Artificial active Immunity

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Injection of attenuated organism

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Natural Passive immunity

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you recieve antibodies from someone/something else
I.E. Breast feeding mothe rto child

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Artificial passive immunity

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injection of gamma globulin or purified anti serum from animals

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Antitoxin

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antibody against a toxin

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Toxoid

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Modified/ inactivated bacterial exotoxin that has lost its toxicity but stimulates the formation of antibodies

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Exotoxin

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Toxin outside the cell from cell waste products

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Endotoxin

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toxin from lipopolysaccharide Layer of cell

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Enterotoxin

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toxin that affects the intestine

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Neurotoxin

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Toxin that affects the nervous system

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Opsonin

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Stimulates phagocytosis

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Hapten

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Partial Antigen

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Type I Hypersensitivity

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Anaphylactic, Rapidly Developing, such as bee sting or asthma attack. Mediated by IgE

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Type II Hypersensitivity

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Cytotoxic. Transfusion reactions. Mediated by IgG & IgM

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Type III Hypersensitivity

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Immune Complex mediated. I.E. Glomerulonephritis,RA, Lupus

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Type IV Hypersensitivity

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Delayed Hypersensitivity. mediated by T Cells
I.E. TB, Transplants Graft rejection

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Autotroph

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Oxidize organic materialfor energy

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Heterotroph

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requires organic matter for energy

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Saphrophyte

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Nutrition from dead decaying matter for energy

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Parasite

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Feeds on living matter for energy. Pathogens are parasites that cause disease.

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Facultative Aerobe

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can survive in the presence or absence of O2

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Fermentation

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Anaerobic decompostition of CHO to alcohol odors

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Microareophile

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Grows best at slightly reduced oxygen

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Symbiosis

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2 populations living together - one or both benefit, neither harmed

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Mutualism

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2 populations living together both benefit

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Synergism

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both organisms benefit & both accomplish what neither can do alone

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commensalism

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one organism benefits while the other is unaffected

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ASO Titre

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Test for strep antibodies. Rheumatic Fever

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Bile Solubility

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Pneumococci vs Alpha hemolytic strep viridans

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Bordet Gengou Phenomenon

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Complement Fixation

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Catalase lab Test

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Staph V.S. Strep

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Coagulase

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Staph Aureus vs other Staph microbes

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Complement Fixation

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Hemolysis means presence of complement

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Coliform Test

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Used to check for E. coli in water purification

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Coombs Test

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Tests antigens for RBC. Used for erythroblastosis fetalis- RH factor

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Dick Test

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susceptibility for Scarlet fever

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Schultz carlton reaction

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antitoxin reaction to scarlet fever

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Schick Test

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Immunity to diptheria

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Giemsa stain

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for protozoa

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Phosphatase test

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Checks to see if milk pasteurization was adequate

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Paul Bunnel test

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test for mononucleosis

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Quellung reaction

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tests for strep pneumoniae

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Weil Felix Test

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For Rickettsia Typhus

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Widal test

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for typhoid fever

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Tests for syphilis

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Kline, Kahn, Wasserman, TPI, VDRL, Darkfield

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Tests for Tuberculosis

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Mantoux Test, Tine Test. Acid fast ziehl nielson stain, BCG= TB vaccine

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Tests for Mononucleosis

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Paul Bunnell, monospot, heterophile, antibody, downey cell

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Holding Pasteurization method

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145 degrees for 30 minutes

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Flash pasteurization method

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161 degrees for 15sec

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Ultrahigh pasteurization method

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191 degrees for 2-5 sec

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Blue Pus

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Yellow Pus

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Staph Aureus

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Red Pus

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Serratia Marcescens

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Sulfa

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For Gram (-) , competes w/ PABA

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Streptomyocin

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For gram (-) , Inhibits protein synthesis

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Penicillin

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for gram (-) , inhibits cell wall synthesis

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Tetracycline

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For gram (-) & (+) inhibits protein synthesis and turns teeth gray or yellow brown

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Burnett/ Metchinkoff

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Developed humoral theory of immune response

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Erlich

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Magic Bullet
First treatment for syphilis

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Flemming

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Discovered penicillin

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Iwanowski

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discovered virus

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Jenner

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Developed small pox vaccines

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Koch

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Proved Bacteria causes disease.
Kochs postulates

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Rebecca lancefield

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Classified streptococcus

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Leewenhoek

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Developed first microscope
saw microorganisms

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Pasteur

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Pasteurization of wine and then milk. Father of Germ theory

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Lister

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Antisepsis

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Walter Reed

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Yellow fever

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Sabin

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Live polio Vaccine given orally

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Salk

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Dead Polio Vaccine given by injection before sabin

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Semmelweiss

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Persecuted b/c he came up with the the idea of washing hands after doing an autopsy and delivering a baby (puerperal fever). Reduced maternal mortality rate

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Gram stain

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1. Crystal violet
2. Iodine as mordant
3. alcohol wash
4. saffarin

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Thayer Martin Stain

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Chocolate agar- gonorrhea

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mannitol salt agar

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staphylococcus

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sabourand

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Fungi

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Acid fast

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Mycobacterium

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Giemsa

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Protozoans

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Epidemic

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Rapidly affects many persons in a certain area w/in a few days or weeks

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Endemic

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A small number of cases in a specific location present all the time

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Pandemic

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Causes more than the expected # of cases of a disease on a worldwide babsis

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Prevalence

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The # of people with a disease that occurs at certain time in designated area

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Incedence

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Frequency of occurance over a period of time, the # of new cases of a disease

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Leading cause of death for infants

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1. Respiratory Infection
2. Poison

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Leading cause of death 1yr-35yrs

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Accidents

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leading cause of death for adults

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1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
3. Accidents

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Filtration

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Screens for Large material

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Flocculation

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Chemical coagulation and addition of precipitates such as aluminum

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Sludge Digestion

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Addition of anaerobic bacteria

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Sand filtration

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Removes anaerobic bacteria

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Aeration

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adds oxygen to water to improve color and taste, kills remaining bacteria as well

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Chlorination

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Kills all bacteria