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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are the relaxed skin tension lines oreinted on the plantar aspect of the foot?
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transversely
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What is the orientation of collagen fibers in scar tissue?
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parallel to the the longitudinal axis
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Name the two organisms that are particularly destructive ot skin grafts.
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streptococcus pyogenes and pseudomonas pyocanea
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Give the thickness fo the various split thickness skin grafts.
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Thin = 0.008 - 0.012 inches.
Intermediate - 0.012 - 0.016 inches Thick = 0.016 - 0.020 inches |
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Name the three stages of skin graft healing.
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plasmatic, inosculation, reorganization / reinnervation.
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What is the most common complication following a skin graft procedure?
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formation of seroma / hematoma
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name threques for preventing seroma formation.
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pie crusting, meshing, compressive dressing
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name the two general type sof flaps.
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random (cutaneous) and axial pattern (arterial)
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Name the flap desinged ot provide coverage of rhomboid defects without creating secondary defect.
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Limberg flap
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Name the nontoxic dye used intravenously to asses viability of skin flaps.
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fluorescein.
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What is the most common cause of skin flap failure?
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vascular embarrasment
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Describe the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the elliptical incision utilized for terotating a varus 5th toe.
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Distal-meidal ot proximal lateral.
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How much increase in lenght will result froma z-plasty made with 60 degree cuts?
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75% increase in length
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How much increase in lenght wil result from a z-plasty made with 30 degree cuts?
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25% increase in length.
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Name the suture utilized at the apical portions of the incisions that does not penetrate the epidermis fo the apex, threby, decreasing vascular damage.
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Gillie's stitch.
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What should the lenght ot width ration be in a cutaneous (rnadom) flap?
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one to one?
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What is the minimum angle of hte flap tip angle in a z-plasty?
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35 degrees.
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What is the amount of inoculum required ot cause an infection?
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10 the fifth bacteria per gram of tissue.
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name three processes by which soft tissue wounds heal.
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connective tissue deposition. , epithelialization, contraction
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what is the process by which skin grafts must heal when placed over avascualr areas?
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brdingn ( vascualr supply from surrounding tissue)
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what is a method used to expand the graft to allow it to cover a much creater surface area
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meshing.
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name three methods for controlling hemostasis a thte doneor sit.e
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Ligation or cauterization of vessels
epinephrine soaked gauze topical thrombin |
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How ling after skin grafting will the graft begin to "pink up"?
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Approximately 48 hours after grafting - inosculation is now taking place providing the graft with its new blood supply.
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What is the length to width ration required when removing a semi-ellliptical portion of skin?
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3:1 (this allows primary closure of the remaining wound without much tension on the skin).
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Name the flap that includes skin and subctaneous tissue, but does not contain muscle.
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faxciocutaneous flap.
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How does one relieve tension fromthe bases of a flap after performing an advancement flap?
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cutting Burow's triangles
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Name the flap that includes skin and subctaneous tissue, but does not contain muscle.
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faxciocutaneous flap.
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What is the best suturing technique for areas of high tension?
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mattress sutures.
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How does one relieve tension fromthe bases of a flap after performing an advancement flap?
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cutting Burow's triangles
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Name four indications for skin plasties.
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Skin lenghtening
reducing redundant skin redirection of old scars derotation of digits |
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What is the best suturing technique for areas of high tension?
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mattress sutures.
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Who ooriginally described bone morphogenic protien?
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Urist in 1965
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Name four indications for skin plasties.
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Skin lenghtening
reducing redundant skin redirection of old scars derotation of digits |
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Who ooriginally described bone morphogenic protien?
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Urist in 1965
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Name the flap that includes skin and subctaneous tissue, but does not contain muscle.
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faxciocutaneous flap.
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How does one relieve tension fromthe bases of a flap after performing an advancement flap?
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cutting Burow's triangles
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What is the best suturing technique for areas of high tension?
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mattress sutures.
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Name four indications for skin plasties.
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Skin lenghtening
reducing redundant skin redirection of old scars derotation of digits |
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Who ooriginally described bone morphogenic protien?
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Urist in 1965
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What is the process by which freeze-dried bone reduces its antgenicity?
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lyophilization.
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what is the most common complication of bone grafting?
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failure of the graft to heal.
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What are the twon primary cause of bone graft failure?
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Inadequate mechanical stabilization and inappropriatge selection of graft material
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what tyhpe of graft should be used in an avascular nonunion?
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autogenous
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What is the term applied to a living bone graft taken from the same species?
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allograft
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what is the term applied to a dead bone graf taken fromt he same species?
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alloimplant.
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What are the principle function of a bone graft?
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osteogenesis
stabilization replacement |
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While the primary advantage of cortical bone is stability, what is the primary advantage of cancellous bone?
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Facillitates osteogenesis
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Defeine the following terms:
Osteogenesis Osteoinduction osteoconduction |
osteogenesis: transfer of viable osteoprgenitor cells causing new bone growth
Osteoinduction: recrutiment of iundifferentiated mesenchymal cells by bone morphogenic protien. osteoconduction: "creeping substitution" of new bone as a result of ingrowth of new vessels. the graft serves as a scaffold for new bone ot be laid down. |
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Name the four criteria that every bone graft material should possess.
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immunologically acceptable.
provide osteogenesis (actively or passively) provid support have the ability to be replaced by bone. |
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What type of graft is coralline hydroxyapatite
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xenograft.
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increased oxygen tension favors bone healing. What does a decreased oxygen tension promote?
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cartilage formation instead of bone.
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Large (>6cm) osseous defect are best treated by what special type of bone graft?
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bascularized bone transfer.
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How much of their initial strenght will cortical grafts lose secondary to ostoeclastic activity
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30-40%
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Name the two major disadvantages of autogenous bone grafting.
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Limited quantity and donor site morbidity.
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What is the term applied ot a combination of two types of bone gaft material (i.e. autogenous cancellouls bone and allgenic cortical bone)?
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composite graft
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Give two examples of preventing fracutre or stress risers when creating a cortical window for bone grafting.
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Outlining the window with drill holes.
using a power saw versus an osteotome. |
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What i sthe rate at which cutting onces advance during bone healing/
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50-80 micrometers per day
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How long after cancellous bone grafting does vascularization take?
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hours after grafting.
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How long after cortical bone garafting does vascularization take?
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after the 6th day.
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name the three prerequisites for bone graf thealing
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mechanical stability
vascularization of the graft bed close contact between the graft and its host. |
