Nbr - Cavus Foot

Front 1

Pes cavus is primarily a deformity in which plane?

Back 1

saggital plane

Front 2

How is pes cavus deformity classified?

Back 2

Pes cavus is classified as anterior cavus, posterior cavus, or a combination. the deformity s further classified as flexible (positional - reduces with weight pearing) or righid (structural - does not reduce wiht weight bearing). Anterior cavus can be further divided based on the apex of hte deormity - metatrarsa cavus ( occuring at Lisfranc' joint) lesser tarsa cavus (occurring over lesser tarsal bones ) , forefoot cavus (occurring at Chopart's joint), and combined anterior cavus (excessive plantarflexion occurring at two or more of the areas mentioned).

Front 3

What does anterior cavus mean?

Back 3

the forefoot or any of its comonents is plantarflexed on the rearfoot.

Front 4

What does posterior cavus mean?

Back 4

The rearfoot is excesively dorsiflexed onthe forefoot.

Front 5

What are th eeitologies of pes cavus deformity?

Back 5

congenital, acquired, or idopathic.

Front 6

What does posterior cavus mean?

Back 6

The rearfoot is excessively dorsiflexed on the forefoot.

Front 7

What are the etiologies of pes cavus deformity?

Back 7

congenital, acquired, or idiopathic.

Front 8

When examining a patient with a pes cavus deformity, which part of the exam deserves special attention? Why?

Back 8

The neurologic exam deserves special attention becasue there is a high correlation between neuromuscular disorders and pes cavus.

Front 9

What are some congenital etiologies of cavus deformity?

Back 9

myelodyplasia, myelmengocele, spina fifida, charcot-marie-tooth disease, Friedreich's ataxia, Roussy-Levy syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, clubfoot, syphilis, and hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy (Dejerine-Sottas syndrome).

Front 10

Whata re some acquired etiologies of pes cavus?

Back 10

poliomyelitis, dystonia musculorum deofmans, spinal cord tumosrs. trauma, infection, lederhose disease, hysteria, and stroke.

Front 11

What are idiopathic etiologies of pes cavus?

Back 11

Those, which are inherent to the foot, that create the sagittal plane deformity of pes cavus.

Front 12

How does the foot compensate for a cavus deformity.

Back 12

Retraction of the toes occurs when ther is overpoweing or unopposed pull by the extensor tendons. This occurs at rest and is exacggerated durign swing phase leading to a fixed deformity. It may also be the result of extensor substution. As a reuslt of retrograde force form the digits, the metatarsal heads become more plnatargrade. The extensor apparatus gains the mechanical advantage and htanterior cavus increse. Forefoot reduction of the flexible anterior cavus occurs with gorund reactive force. This i absorbed at he midtarsal level and if fully absorbed the foot will appear normal during weight bearing. If it cannot fully absorb the sagittal plane motion necessary t oreduce the foot (because tghe deformity is rigid) teh the qankle will dorsiflex. This compensation ofr th erigd anterior cavus leads to a pseudo ewuinus as the alus becomes maximally dorsiflexed and hte calcanela inclination angle increaes. This high calcaneal inclination has traditionally been described as a posterior cavus. This would rearely exist as the primary defoorming force. The subtalar joint does not compensate for sagittal plane antgeror cavus deformity.