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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cannabis
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Decrease in IOP
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Talc
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White shiny emboli in arterioles in retina
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Epinephrine
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CME when used on aphasic
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Imitrex
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NAION
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Cidofovir
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Uveitis
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Alcohol (2)
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1) Smooth pursuits
2) Decrease IOP |
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Pesticides
What to use to reverse ADE? |
1) Miosis after 1 month of exposure
2) Pralidoxime |
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Oral Contraceptives (6)
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1) Dry Eyes
2) Increased ICP (pseudo tumor) 3) Papilledema 4) Optic Neuritis 5) Arteriole/Venous Thrombosis 6) Retinal hemorrhaging |
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Hormone Therapies (replacement therapy)
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Dry Eyes
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Slidenafil (3)
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1) NAION
2) Subconjunctival hemorrhage 4) Conjunctival hyperemia |
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Isoretinoin (Accutane) (9)
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1) Dry eyes
2) SPK 3) Blepharoconjunctivitis 4) Lid Edema 5) papilledema 6) NAION 7) nyclatopia 8) color vision loss |
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Verteporfin (Visudyne)
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Must stay out of sun or bright lights for 5 days after procedure
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Hydrochloroquine (2)
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1) Bull's Eye Maculopathy if greater than 400 mg/day or 6.5 mg/day per kg weight for > 5 years or with renal compromise
2) Whorl Keratopathy |
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Celebrex (2 contraindications)
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1) Pregnancy
2) Sulfa allergies |
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Indomethacin (3 ADE's / dosage)
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1) Whorl Keratopathy
2) RPE changes at macula (Bull's eye) 3) Retinal Hemorrhaging Dosage for scleritis 250-500 mg for 1-3 weeks |
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Contraindications and dosages:
Ibuprofen Naproxen Naproxen Sodium Piroxicam |
1) No pregnancy
2) Children <6 years Dosage: Scleritis- 500 mg QID 1-3 weeks Episcleritis- 500 mg TID 7 days |
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Aspirin (ASA) (4)
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1) Reye's Syndrome if given to kids (liver damage)
2) Cardiovascular Problems 3) Respiratory problems 4) GI ulcer/bleeding |
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Topical NSAIDS (4) and Dosage
Which one for allergies? Xibrom Ocufen Voltaren Acular |
1) Corneal stinging
2) Subconjunctival hemorrhage 3) Retinal Hemorrhage 4) Corneal melting Dosage: BID Allergies: Acular |
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Intravitreal Triamciniclone
3 systemic ADE's 4 ocular ADE's |
Systemic:
1) causes diabetes 2) weight gain 3) fat distribution Ocular: 1) IOP spike (GLC) 2) PSC cataracts 3) delayed healing 4) eyelid depigmentation |
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Prednisone (PO)
3 systemic contraindications 3 ocular ADE's |
Systemic CI:
1) Pregnancy 2) Diabetes 3) Peptic ulcer disease ADE's 1) IOP spike 2) immunosuppression (infection) 3) PSC cataracts |
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Topical Steroids:
4 ADE's / Dosages Hard: Predforte, Vexol, Dexamethasone Soft: FML, Loteprednol, PredMild |
ADE's
1) IOP spike 2) immunosuppression (infection) 3) PSC cataracts 4) Blue sclera Hard Steroids 1) Uveitis: q1-2 hour w/ taper 7 days 2) Ulcer: w/ AB when epithelial defect closed (delayed healing and prevents scarring) 3) Herpes Stromal Keratitis: QID Soft: 1) Episcleritis: QID 7 days 2) Pinguectulitis: BID 7 days 3) Allergic Conjunctivitis: QID-BID tapered |
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Systemic Steroids (PO and IV) dosages
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1) Scleritis 100 mg/day 1 week then 20 mg/day 2-3 weeks
2) GCA: IV 1 gm/day until ESR normal then PO 100 mg/day 4 weeks 3) Toxoplasmosis: 20-40 mg/day after antimicrobial therapy (Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine and Folic Acid) |
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MCS + AH combos (Dosages)
Elestat Zatidor Patanol Optivar Pataday |
Seasonal allergies: BID until symptoms improve
qDAY for Pataday GPC can be 1-4 month Tx time |
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Mast Cell Stabilizers (dosage)
Cromlom Alamast Alomide Alocril |
BID (chronic use only, not acute)
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H1 Antihistamines
Emadine Pheniramine maleate (w/ Naphazoline = Naphcon A) |
QID
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1st Generation Oral Antihistamines
(4) ADE's / (2) CI's Diphenhydramine Chlorpheniramine Promethazine |
ADE's
1) Mydriasis 2) Increased IOP 3) Dry Eyes 4) Sedation CI's 1) Driving 2) Alcohol |
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2nd Generation Oral Antihistamines
Claritin Allegra Zyrtec (1 ADE) |
Zyrtec: Oculogyric Crisis
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Cyclosporine (Oral and IV)
(4) Visual ADE's |
1) Eye pain
2) Cataract 3) Visual Disturbance 4) Conjunctvitis |
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Topical Cyclosporine (ADE and dosage)
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1) Burns upon instillation 0.05% BID
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Azathioprine (Imuran)
Used for (rarely) |
1) Rheumatoid Arthritis
2) Necrotizing Scleritis 3) Myasthenia Gravis 4) Organ Transplant |
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Methotrexate (Rhematrex)
(2) ADE's |
Bone marrow (myelo) suppression
Optic Neuritis |
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5 Fluorouracil (5 FU)
(2) ADE's |
Photosensitivity
Myelosuppression (bone marrow) |
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Tamoxifen (3) Ocular ADE's
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1) Crystalline Keratopathy >6.5 mg/day > 5 years (no loss in acuity)
2) Whorl Keratopathy 3) Macular Edema |
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Mechanism of action of:
Omezaprazole (Prilosec) Esomeprazole (Nexium) |
Proton Pump Inhibitors
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(5) ADE's
Cimetadine (Tagamet) Rantinidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) |
1) Rash
2) Loss of Libido 3) GI upset 4) Headache 5) Diarrhea |
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(1) CI and (2) ADE's:
Lovastatin (Mevacor) Simvastatin (Zocor) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) |
CI: pregnancy
ADE's: 1) Myopathy (muscle aches) 2) hepatotoxicity |
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Fenofibrate (Tricor)
(1) ADE's |
1) Myopathy
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Cholestyramine (Questran)
(1) ADE |
1) Fatty stools (constipation)
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Uses of:
Salmeterol Fluticasone + Salmeterol (Advair) |
Chronic B2 agonist: COPD, Asthma
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Uses of:
Albuterol Terbatuline |
Acute B2 agonist: Asthma, COPD, Exercise induced bronchospasm
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Fluticasone (uses of)
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Corticosteroid spray for allergic rhinitis
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Zafirkulast (Accolate): use of
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Asthma
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Heparin
Warfarin (Vit K antagonist) Aspirin Ibuprofen |
Anticoagulation and blood thinners:
Dx 1 week before surgery |
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Plavix (Clopidogrel)
Use and (3) ADE's |
After MI or stroke to prevent atherosclerosis
1) Bleeding 2) GI upset 3) Rash |
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Furosemide (LASIX)
(1) CI (5) ADE's |
CI: sulfa allergies
ADE's 1) Ototoxicity 2) Hypokalemia 3) Dehydration 4) Nephritis 5) Gout |
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Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
Chlorothiazide (Diuril) (4) Systemic ADE's (1) Ocular ADE |
Systemic: Hyper
1) Glycemia 2) Lipidemia 3) Uricemia 4) Calcemia Ocular: 1) Dry Eye |
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Spironolactone (Aldactone)
(1) ADE |
Hyperkalemia
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Mannitrol (3) CI's
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1) Pulmonary edema
2) Dehydration 3) CHF |
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(1) ADE
Lisinopril Benazepril Enalapril Captopril |
Cough
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Losartan (Cozar)
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No cough
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(1) ADE
Propanolol Labetalol Metoprolol Atenolol |
Dry Eyes
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Tamulosin (Flomax)
Prazosin (Minipress) |
Tamulosin: floppy iris syndrome
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Uses of (4):
1) Nifedipine (Procardia) 2) Verapamil (Isoptin) 3) Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
1) Angina
2) HTN 3) Arrythmias 4) Low tension GLC |
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Digoxin (Lanoxin)
(4) Ocular ADE's |
1) Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis
2) B/Y color defects 3) Entopic Phenomenon (snowy vision, flickering lights) 4) Decrease IOP |
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Amiodarone
(3) Ocular ADE's |
1) NAION
2) Whorl Keratopathy (glare, photophobia, colored rings) if >400 mg/day 3) Anterior Subcapsular Lens Deposits >600 mg/day |
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Sulfonylureas DM II Drugs (4)
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Glipizide
Glyburide Chlorpropamide (Diabenese) Tolbutamide |
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(1) ADE of:
Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone |
Weight Gain
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(1) ADE of Levothyroxine in Kids
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Pseudotumor Cerebri
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(2) CI's and (6) ADE's of: TCA
Amtriptyline (Elavil) |
CI:
1) 10% phenyl (hypertensive crisis) 2) Suicidal Patient ADE's 1) Dry eyes 2) Increase IOP 3) Sedation 4) Weight Gain 5) Orthostatic Hypotension 6) Sexual Dysfunction |
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(1) CI and (1) ADE of SSRI's
Prozac Zoloft |
Dry Eye syndrome
CI: MAOI--> will cause serotonin syndrome |
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(3) CI's in MAOI
Nardil |
1) Tyramine in food (hypertensive crisis)
2) SSRI's: serotonin syndrome 3) Phenyl 10%: HTN crisis |
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Phenytoin (Dilantin)
(2) ADE's |
1) Nystagmus
2) Diplopia |
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Topiramate (Topomate)
(2) ADE's |
1) Angle closure GLC
2) Blurry Vision |
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Phenobarbital (Luminal)
(2) ADE's |
Mydriasis
Nystagmus |
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(4) ADE's of:
Sinemet (Levadopa, Carbidopa) |
1) Schizophrenia
2) Cardiac Arrythmias 3) Melanoma 4) Angle Closure GLC |
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Donepezil (Aricept)
(4) ADE's |
1) Blurry vision
2) Cataracts 3) Eye Irritation 4) Glaucoma |
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Chlorprozamine (Thorazine)
Thiordiazine (Mellaril) (8) ADE's |
1) Hyperpigmentation of RPE (Bull's Eye Maculopathy)
2) Endothelial pigment deposits 3) Parkinson's 4) Anterior Stellate Cataracts 5) Dry eye 6) Mydriasis 7) Increase IOP 8) Oculogyric Crisis |
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(5) ADE's and (1) CI of:
Alprazolam (Xanax) Diazepam (Valium) |
1) Mydriasis
2) Nystagmus 3) Drowsiness 4) Confusion 5) Diplopia CI: ALCOHOL (fatal!) |
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Morphine
(7) ADE's |
1) Miosis
2) Respiratory Depression 3) Drowsiness 4) Sedation 5) Euphoria 6) GI effects 7) Hypotension |
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Meperidine (Demerol)
Oxycodone (Roxicodone) (3) ADE's |
1) ICP increase (because of normeperdine buildup)
2) Papilledema 3) Miosis |
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Codeine (1) ADE
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Miosis
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Tramadol
(4) ADE's |
Dry mouth
Sedation Dizziness Nausea |
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Function of Nalaxone
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Reverse opioid effects
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Acetaminophen
(1) ADE and dosage |
Hepatotoxicity
< 4000 mg/day |
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Chloroquine
(4) Ocular ADE's |
1) Bull's eye maculopaty (>3.0 mg/kg of body weight >5 years)
2) Color vision defects 3) Central and paracentral scotoma 4) Whorl Keratopathy |
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Dosage of Trifluridine for:
1) HSV epithelial 2) Stromal keratitis |
1) Epithelial: 1 gtt 9x for 1 week then egg 5x for 1 week
2) Stromal: QID w/ Pred Forte QID |
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Dosage of:
1) Acyclovir 2) Famcyclovir 3) Valcyclovir |
1) HZO keratitis: 7 days
A: 800 mg 5 x V: 1000 mg TID F: 500 mg TID 2: Herpes Simplex Keratitis A: 400 mg 5x F: 250 mg TID V: 500 mg TID 3) Prophylaxis HSV Keratitis A: 400 mg BID F: 125 mg BID V: 250 mg BID |
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Dosage and ADE of Gancyclovir
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CMV retinitis:
ADE: bone marrow suppression 5 mg IV BID 3 weeks then qDAY or 400 mg PO prophylaxis |
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Foscarnet
(2) ADE's and Dosage |
IV or IVitreous: 90 mg/kg BID then 120 mg/kg qDAY for maintenance
ADE: 1) Seizures 2) Nephrotoxicity |
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Ribavirin
(2) ADE |
1) Blurry vision
2) Conjunctivitis |
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Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
Uses of |
AIDS and prophylactic pregnancy
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(3) ADE's and Rx
Ketoconazole Fluconazole Miconazole |
PO or Subconj
1) Liver dysfunction 2) Fever 3) Chills |
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Amphotericin B
(1) ADE and formulation |
Injectable formulation
Nephrotoxicity |
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Natamycin (soln)
1 CI |
No pregnant
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Nystatin (cream)
(1) ADE |
Nephrotoxicity
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Grisefulvin (uses)
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PO for fungal infections
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Rifampin (1 ADE)
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Pink Orange Tears
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Rifabutin
(4) Ocular ADE's |
1) Pink Tears
2) Corneal endothelial deposits 3) Uveitis 4) Optic Neuropathy |
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Izoniazid
(1) Ocular ADE |
Optic Neuritis
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Ethambutol
(1) ADE |
Optic Neuritis (retrobulbar)
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Tuberculosis Drugs (5)
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Rifampin
Rifabutin Izoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
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Macrolides:
Azithromycin (PO, soln) Erythromycin (PO, ointment) Oral CI's (3) Dosages for Chlamydia, bacterial and blepharitis |
1) Diarrhea
2) Nausea 3) Abdominal Pain 500 mg QID |
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Antibiotics Contraindicated in Pregnant and Kids
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1) Flouroquinolones
2) Aminoglycosides (Genta/Tobra) 3) Tetracylclines 4) Trimethoprim 5) Sulfacetamides |
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Antibiotics ok for Pregnant and Children
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1) Penicillins
2) Azitromycin (Azithro, Erythro) 3) Cephalosporin |
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Antiobiotics you must take on an empty stomach
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1) Penicillins
2) Azithromycin (Azithro, Erythro) 3) Tetracyclines |
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Tetracyclines
(4) CI's (8) ADE's Know oral dosages for Meibomitis, Chlamydia and RCE's |
Don't use:
1)Pregnant 2) Children 3) With food, dairy 4) Renal compromise ADEs 1) Pseudotumor cerebri 2) Pigment on conjunctiva (cysts) 3) Blue Sclera 4) Bone retardation 5) Discolored teeth 6) GI upset 7) Photosensitivity 8) Hypersensitivity (allergies) Dosage: 100 mg BID Meibomitis: 1 month then taper Chlamydia: 10 days RCE's: 2 months 50 mg BID |
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(3) CI's for Chloramphenicol
Used for |
Angular Blepharitis
1) Aplastic Anemia 2) Optic Neuritis 3) Gray baby syndrome |
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(2) Ocular ADE's and (2) Systemic ADE's for:
Aminoglycosides Gentamicin Tobramycin |
Ocular:
1) SPK 2) delayed healing of epithelium Oral: 1) Nephrotoxicity 2) Ototoxicity |
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Trimethoprim (Bactrim and Primsol)
Counter's formation of? 3 oral ADE's Used for |
Oral:
1) Aplastic Anemia 2) Leukopenia 3) Granulocytopenia |
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Pyrimathamine
Used for? Counters what? Contraindicated in (1)? ADE's (1) |
Toxoplasmosis
No pregnant Causes bone marrow suppression Load 200 mg PO--> 20 mg PO taper |
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Sulfonamides:
(7) ocular ADE's 1) Sulfadiazine 2) Sulfacetamide 3) Sulfa--- |
Used for Toxoplasmosis
ADE's 1) Steven Johnson Syndrome 2) Burning upon instillation 3) Contact dermatitis 4) Sunburn sensitivity 5) Lid edema 6) Uveitis 7) Optic Neuritis |
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Flouroquinolones
1) Ciprofloxacin 0.3% 2) Ofloxacin 0.3% 3) Levofloxacin 0.5% 4) Gatifloxacin 0.3% 5) Moxifloxacin 0.5% (2) CI's (1) ADE |
ADE's:
1) Bone detachments and tendonitis CI (oral) 1) Pregnancy 2) Children |
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Cephalosporin
Uses, ADE's (2) and Dosage 1) Cefuoxime (Ceftin) 2) Cephalexin (Keflex) 3) Ceftriaxone |
Gram + and -
ADE: 1) Hypersensitivity 2) Hemophilia Cephalexin (preseptal, dacryo): 500 mg BID, QID Ceftriaxone (Gonnorhea): IV and IM |
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Penicillinase Resistant Drugs: (uses)
1) Methcillin 2) Nafcillin 3) Dicloxacillin |
1) Nafcillin (IV orbital cellulitis)
2) Dicloxicillin (hordeola, blepharitis PO) |
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Non PCNase (2) ADE's and Usage
1) Pencillin G and V 2) Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin |
1) Decrease BCP effectiveness
2) Hypersensitivty RXNs 1) Syphillis 2) URI's, Preseptal Cellulitis, Otitis Media |
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Vancomycin usage and (3) ADE's
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IV: Enopthalmitis, MRSA
1) Red Man's Syndrome 2) Ototoxicity 3) Nephrotoxicity |
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ADE's (4) and CI's (3) for Prostoglandins
1) Xalatan 0.005% 2) Travatan 0.004% 3) Lumigan 0.03% |
ADE's
1) Iris heterchromia 2) Growth of lashes 3) Pigmentation of lids 4) Bulbar hyperemia CI's: 1) CME (cataract Sx) 2) Inflammation or corneal epithelial defects 3) HSV (keratitis) |
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Oral CAI's:
(10) ADE's / (4) CI / Dosage 1) Acetazolamide 2) Methazolamide 3) Dichlorphenamide |
1) Metallic Taste
2) Tingling Hands and Feet 3) Metallic Acidosis 4) Bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia) 5) Aplasic Anemia 6) Agranulocytosis 7) depression 8) GI upset 9) Weight loss 10) Myopic Shift Don't use: 1) Pregnant 2) Sulfa Allergies 3) Renal/liver disease 4) COPD |
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Topical CAI's (2) ADE's
1) Dorzolamide (Trusopt) 2% 2) Brinzolamide (Azope) 1% |
1) Sulfa Allergies
2) Bitter Taste |
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CNS effects of Oral Beta Blockers (3)
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1) Depression
2) Disorientation 3) Fatigue |
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Cardiovascular Effects of Beta Blockers (3)
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1) bradycardia
2) arrythmias 3) Syncope |
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Pulmonary Effects of Beta Blockers (3)
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1) dyspnea
2) bronchospasm 3) wheezing |
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Digestion effects of Beta Blockers (4)
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1) nausea
2) emesis 3) diarrhea 4) abdominal pain |
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Reproductive effects of beta blockers (1)
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Impotence
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Combination GLC drugs
(3) CI and (1) ADE's and % 1) Cosopt (2% Trusopt/ 0.50% Timolol) 2) Combigan (0.2% Alphagan / 0.5% Timolol) |
CI:
1) COPD 2) Asthma 3) Bradycardia ADE: 1) Burning upon instillation |
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Topical Beta Blockers
CI (6) / ADE (1) 1) Timolol 0.25% and 0.50% 2) Betaxolol 0.25% |
CI:
1) Diabetes 2) Hyperthyroidism 3) Myasthenia Gravis 4) Asthma 5) COPD 6) Bradycardia ADE's 1) Dry Eyes |
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(2) ADE's of:
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) |
1) Mydriasis (angle closure)
2) Dry Eyes |
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Albuterol
Levobuterol (5) ADE's |
1) Tachycardia
2) Heart Palpitation 3) Tremor 4) Nervousness 5) Nausea |
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(2) ADE's of Apraclonidine
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1) Allergic sensitivity
2) Tachyphylaxis |
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(3) ADE's and (1) CI for:
Alphagan (Brimonidine) 0.20% Alphagan P 0.10% and 0.15% |
CI: MAO inhibitors
1) Miosis 2) Dry Mouth 3) Follicular Conjunctivitis |
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(1) ADE and (3) CI's for:
Phenylephrine 2.5% and 10% |
ADE: 10% hypertensive crisis
Don't use: 1) Graves 2) MAOIs 3) TCAs |
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Tetrahydrazoline
Napazholine (2) ADE's |
1) Mydriasis (fixed dilated)
2) Rebound Injection |
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ADE's (8)
Scopolamine 0.25% |
Mydriasis
CNS Cycloplegia Dryness (mouth) Redness Hot Urinary incontinence Increased IOP |
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Atropine 0.5% and 1.0%
(8) ADE's (3) CI's |
CI's:
1) Elderly 2) Down Syndrome 3) Small Children ADE's 1) CNS 2) Mydriasis 3) Cycloplegia 4) Hot 5) Redness 6) Dry eyes and mouth 7) Increase IOP 8) Urinary Incontinence |
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(2) ADE's of Cyclopentolate (0.5% and 1.0%)
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1) Burn upon instillation
2) CNS effects |
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Homatropine percentages/dosage
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2% and 5% BID
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(1) ADE of Succinylcholine
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IOP spike, do not use for ocular surgery
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Pilocarpine (2%, 0.125%, 1%)
(5) ADE's |
1) Browache
2) Headache 3) Myopic Shift 4) RD 5) Vacuole cataracts 6) 2ndary angle closure |
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(1) ADE of Neostigmine
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Miosis
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B1 specific Beta Blockers
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1) Atenolol
2) Betaxolol 3) Metroprolol |
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Steven Johnson syndrome causing drugs
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1) NSAIDS
2) Trimethoprim 3) Phenytoin 4) Acetazolamide |
