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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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4 major tissue types
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epithelial
nervous conective muscle |
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3 types of lipids prevalent in the plasma membrane
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phospholipids
glycolipids cholesterol (found ONLY in eukaryotic cells) |
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where does mRNA and rRNA transcription occur
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nucleus
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which cells in our body are anuclear?
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RBCs
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which part of the nucleus is responsible for the production of rRNA
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nucleolus
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which organelle is essential for tranlation?
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ribosome
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what is the fxn of free floating ribosomes?
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used for cell growth
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what is the fxn of bound ribosomes
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produce proteins to be released by exocytosis
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bound to the ER
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fxn of smooth ER in hepatocytes
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detox of lipid soluble drugs
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where in the cell are proteins modified to form either a secretory granule or a lysosome
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golgi apparatus
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what ocular finding is characteristic of Tay Sach's Dz
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cherry red macula
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found in 90% of cases
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what is the powerhouse of the cell
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mitochrondria
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what is the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA
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maternal inheritance
(comes from the mother) |
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what makes up the cytoskeleton of the cell
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microfilaments
microtubules intermediate filaments |
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flagella and cilia are made of?
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microtubules
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which type of jxn wraps around the entire cell?
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zonula occludens
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which type of jxn represents a "spot weld"
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desmosomes
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what connects the basal cell layer to the underlying basement membrane?
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hemidesmosomes
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why do recurrent corneal erosions occur
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poor adhesion between the basement membrane and the underlying tisse
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what type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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where is transitional epithelium located?
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bladder
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what type of glands are ductless?
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endocrine
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List 4 endocrine glands
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pancreas
thyroid adrenal gland pituitary gland |
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what is an example of an unicellular exocrine gland?
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goblet cell
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produce the mucin layer of the tear film
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methods of gland excretion
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holocrine
apocrine merocrine (most common) |
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* what is the embryonic origin of connective tissue?
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* mesenchyme
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what are plasma cells?
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mature B cells that produce antibodies
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what are macrophages in the liver called
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kupffer cells
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what are the different fibers of connective tissue?
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collagen
elastic reticular |
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what is the structural component of collagen
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glycine always makes up 1/3 of the collagen
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what is the only non-sulfated GAG
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hyaluronic acid
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types of specialized connective tissue:
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blood
bone cartilage fat |
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what is the noncellular portion of blood
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plasma
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what is the lifespan of a RBC
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120 days
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what is the most abundant cell in the blood
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RBC
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list the WBCs most common to least common
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neutrophil
leukocyte moncyte eosinophil basophil |
"Never Let Monkey Eat Bananas"
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Which WBC is assoc with inflammation secondary to allergies
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basophils
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which WBC is assoc. with parasitic infections and allergies
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eosinophils
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when are neutrophils elevated
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bacterial infection
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what is the largest WBC
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monocyte
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"monster"
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what is the term for a monocyte that has moved into the tissues
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macrophage
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what causes an increase in lymphocytes
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viral infection
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where do T cells come from and where do they mature
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come from bone marrow
mature in thymus |
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where do B cells come from and where do they mature
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come from and mature in the bone marrow
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what cells are platelets derived from?
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megakaryocyte
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what is the fxn of osteoclasts?
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phagocytize bone
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what is the fxn of osteoblast?
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build bone
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what affect does parathyroid hormone have on blood calcium levels
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increase blood calcium levels
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stimulate osteoclasts
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what is the embryonic orgin of muscle
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mesenchyme from mesoderm
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which bands shorten during muscle contraction?
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H
I Z |
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what is the functional unit of the muscle
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sarcomere
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main fxn of sarcolasmic reticulum in skeletal m.
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store and release calcium
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where are intercalated discs located?
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only in the heart
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characteristics of smooth muscle
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involuntary
non-striated |
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types of neurons
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unipolar
~ found in dorsal root ganglion bipolar (retina) multipolar (most common) |
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propogation of nerve impulse
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orthograde (cell body to axon ) "PRP"
retrograde (axon to cell body) "tumor back of the eye forward" |
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what produces myelin in the PNS
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Schwann cells
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what produces myelin in the CNS
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oligodendrocytes
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connective tissue coverings
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endoneurium
perineurium epineurium |
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layers of the epidermis
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stratum corneum (outer layer)
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum (squamous cell CA) stratum basal (basal cell CA) |
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an increase in the number of melanocytes causes ______
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malignant melanoma
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what type of nerve endings mediate pain?
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nocioreceptors
(found on cornea) |
found on cornea
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blood flow thru the body
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inf. vena cava → R atrium → tricuspid valve → RV → semilunar valve → pulmonary a. → lung → pulm. v. → LA → mitral valve (biscupid) → LV → semilunar valve → aorta
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what is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood
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pulmonary artery
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only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood
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pulmonary vein
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3 main types of capillaries
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continuous capillaries (non-fenestrated)
fenestrated discontinuous capillaries (don't exist in the eye) |
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what type of capillary is not found in the eye
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discontinuous capillaries
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most predominant layer of an artery
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tunica media
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what happens to the thymus after puberty?
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size and fxn decrease
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where in the lung is there no hyaline cartilage
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bronchioles
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where is the first location of gas exchange in the lungs
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respiratory bronchioles
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what type of cells in the alveoli are responsible for gas exchange?
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Type 1 pneumocytes
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which cells produce surfactant
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Type II pneumocytes
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which system causes bronchodilation
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sympathetic
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which system causes bronchoconstriction
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parasympathetic
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4 layers of the digestive sys.
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mucosa
submucosa muscularis externa adventitia |
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what innervates the submucosa of the GI tract?
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Meissner's plexus
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what cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor?
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parietal cells
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what cells produce pepsinogen
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chief/peptic cells
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fxn of the large intestine
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water absorption
lubrication of feces |
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what makes up the portal triad?
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hepatic artery
portal vein bile duct |
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where is bile stored?
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gall bladder
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where is bile produced
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liver
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which part of the pancreas produces the main digestive enzymes
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exocrine pancreas
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what does the endocrine pancreas produce
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insulin
glucagon somatostatin |
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what part of the adrenal gland produce epinephrine and norepinephrine
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chromaffin
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3 zones of the adrenal cortex
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Glomerulosa
fasciculata reticularis |
"Go fast Reggie"
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what part of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone
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glomerulusa
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what part of the adrenal cortex produces cortisol
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fasciculata
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what part of the adrenal cortex produces androgen
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reticularis
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