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67 Cards in this Set
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1. The sheet of dense connective tissue that runs from the orbital margin to the tarsal plate and helps to prevent lid infections from entering the orbit is (the):
A. periorbita B. the Tenon capsule C. orbital septum D. suspensory ligament (of Lockwood) E. palpebral aponeurosis |
C. The Tenon capsule prevents infection from entering the globe, not the orbit
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2. Which of the following is located in the medial wall of the orbit?
A. greater wing of the sphenoid B. lesser wing of the sphenoid C. frontal bone D. nasal bone E. body of sphenoid |
E. The lesser wing and the frontal bone are in the roof; the greater wing is in the lateral wall; the nasal bone is not part of the orbit.
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3. The fossa for the lacrimal gland is:
A. demarcated by the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests B. formed in part by the maxilla C. located anterior to the orbital septum D. formed in part by the zygomatic bone E. located in the frontal bone |
E. The gland is superior and temporal in the orbit; the sac is medial; the fossa for the lacrimal sac is demarcated by the crests
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4. Which connective tissue expansion lies anterior to the orbital septum?
A. lateral check ligament B. medial palpebral ligament C. superior check ligament D. lateral palpebral ligament E. suspensory ligament of Lockwood |
B. b/c this ligament is attached to the crest of the fossa for the lacrimal sac, it is anterior to the orbital septum, b/c one purpose of the septum is to separate the sac from the orbital contents.
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5. The anatomic origin of the superior oblique muscle is at the:
A. greater wing of the sphenoid bone B. frontal bone C. lesser wing of the spenoid bone D. trochlea E. upper limb of the common ring tendon |
C. The physiologic origin is at the trochlea.
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6. Which extraocular muscle belly makes the same angle w/ the sagital (Y) axis as the optic nerve does?
A. medial rectus B. lateral rectus C. superior rectus D. superior oblique E. inferior oblique |
C. The vertical rectus muscles make the same angle w/ the sagittal (Y) axis (23 degrees) as the optic nerve.
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7. Which extraocular muscle has its insertion in the superior, lateral, posterior quadrant of the globe?
A. superior rectus B. inferior rectus C. superior oblique D. inferior oblique E. lateral rectus |
C. The four rectus muscles have their insertions in the anterior globe, the inferior oblique insertion is in the inferior globe.
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8. The only muscle to have its anatomic origin anterior to the globe is the:
A. superior rectus B. inferior rectus C. superior oblique D. inferior oblique E. palpebral levator |
D.The inferior oblique has its origin on the maxillary bone; the physiologic origin of the superior oblique is anterior to the globe. The anatomic origin of both the superior oblique and the levator is on the sphenoid bone. All rectus muscles have their origin on the common tendonous ring.
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9. Which of the following drains into the pterygoid plexus?
A. superior ophthalmic vein B. infraorbital vein C. inferior petrosal sinus D. central retinal vein E. posterior ethmoid vein |
B. By definition, the infraorbital vein drains into the pterygoid plexus.
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10. A cilioretinal artery originates from:
A. the central retinal artery B. the long posterior ciliary arteries C. the anterior ciliary arteries D. the circle of Zinn-Haller E. the choriocapillaris |
D. A cilioretinal artery is from the ciliary supply (short ciliary arteries) but located in the retina.
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11. Which of the following is a branch of the maxillary artery?
A. central retinal artery B. infraorbital artery C. posterior ciliary artery D. lacrimal artery E. lateral muscular artery |
B. The rest are branches of the ophthalmic artery
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12. The medial muscular artery supplies:
A. medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior rectus muscles B. superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles C. medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles D. lateral rectus and medial rectus muscles E. superior oblique, inferior oblique, and inferior rectus muscles |
C. The lateral muscular artery supply the lateral rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, and levator muscles.
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13. Fibers of the parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion that enter the globe through the short ciliary nerves:
A. cause vasoconstriction in choroidal vessels B. innervate the blood vessels of the lacrimal gland C. cause mydriasis D. cause ptosis E. innervate the iris sphincter |
E. Sympathetic nerves cause vasoconstriction of choroidal vessels, mydriasis; interruption of the sympathetic would cause ptosis.
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14. The supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the:
A. nasociliary nerve B. frontal nerve C. oculomotor nerve D. lacrimal nerve E. maxillary nerve |
B. The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves join to form the frontal nerve.
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15. The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve supplies motor innervation to the:
A. orbicularis oculi muscle B. lateral rectus muscle C. medial rectus muscle D. superior rectus muscle E. levator muscle |
C. The inferior division of CN III also supplies the inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles; the superior division of CN III supplies the superior rectus and levator; CN IV supplies the superior oblique, and CN VI supplies the lateral rectus
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16. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate ocular structures enter the skull though the:
A. foramen magnum B. foramen rotundum C. foramen lacerum D. jugular fissure E. carotid canal |
E. They enter as the sympathetic plex around the internal carotid
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17. What band of fibers joins the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and vestibulocochlear nuclei to coordinate eye movements and the vestibular system?
A. geniculocalcarine tract B. posterior commissure C. corticobulbar tract D. cerebral peduncles E. medial longitudinal fasciculus |
E. The geniculocalcarine tract, the corticobulbar tract, and the cerebral peduncles carry tracts from the cortex.
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18. What cranial nerve (CN) nuclei are located in the pons?
A. III, and IV B. III, IV, and VI C. IV, V, and VI D. V, VI, and VII E. III, VI, and V |
D. The midbrain contains nuclei for CNs III and IV.
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19. What tissue lies b/t the tarsal plate and the orbicularis muscle and contains the palpebral arcades?
A. Muller muscle layer B. subcutaneous areolar layer C. submuscular areolar layer D. aponeurosis of levator E. dermis |
C. The subcutaneous areolar layer lies b/t the dermis and the orbicularis
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20. Which structure forms the adhesions that cause the superior palpebral sulcus?
A. superior check ligament B. levator aponeurosis C. tendon of the superior tarsal muscle D. superior tarsal plate E. both medial and lateral palpebral ligaments |
B. The tendon inserts into the skin of the tarsal region of the upper lid, thus forming the furrow.
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21. Which one of the following muscles causes the vertical furrows b/t the eyebrows that is seen in concentration?
A. the frontalis B. the procerus C. the corrugator D. the orbicularis |
C. The corrugator moves the eyebrows medially, the frontalis raises the eyebrows, the procerus lowers the medial side of the eyebrow, and the orbicularis lowers the eyebrow
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22. Which structure is composed of modified skin yet contains goblet cells?
A. plica semilunaris B. caruncle C. forniceal conjunctiva D. pinguecula E. gland of Moll |
B. The plica smilunaris is composed of conjunctiva
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23. The Tenon capsule is located adjacent and outer to the:
A. episclara B. conjunctival stroma C. conjunctival epithelium D. sclera E. choroid |
A. The order of layers from outer to inner is conjunctival epitheium, conjunctival stroma, Tenon capsule, episclera, and sclera
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24. The fossa for the lacrimal sac is bridged by:
A. the anterior and posterior bands of the medial check ligament B. the tendon of insertion of the medial rectus muscle C. the plica semilunaris D. the limbs of the medial palpebral ligament E. the orbital septum |
D. The medial check ligament and orbital septum are posterior to the medial palpebral ligament
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25. The function o the valve of Hasner is to:
A. prevent retrograde fluid movement from the nasal passage into the nasolacrimal duct B. prevent fluid movement from the nasolacrimal duct into the lacrimal sac C. regulate the amount of fluid secreted by the lacrimal gland D. regulate flow of aqueous into the external collector channels E. control meibomian gland secretion |
A. The valve of Hasner is located at the end of the nasolacrimal duct as it empties into the nasal meatus
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26. The goblet cells that secrete the muscin layer of the tear film are located in:
A. the stroma of bulbar conjunctiva B. both palpebral and bulbar conjunctival epithelium C. the conjunctival fornices only D. the lymphoid layer of the submusosa |
B. Goblet cells are a form of epithelial cell and would not be located in stromal layers
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27. The Schwann cell coat is lost as sensory nerves of the cornea pass through the:
A. limbal stroma B. Descement membrane C. cornal wing cells D. basement membrane |
B. Only naked nerve endings are in the epithelium; the nerves lose their myelin as they enter the corneal stroma from the limbus
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28.Which corneal layer cannot be regenerated?
A. Bowman layer B. corneal epithelium C. corneal stromsa. D. Descement membrane |
A. Bowman was formed prenatally
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29. Which of the following describes an accurate relation b/t the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces?
A. the radius of curvature of the posterior central cornea is longer than that of the anterior central cornea B. the vertical diameter of the anterior cornea is longer than the vertical diameter of the posterior cornea C. the anterior central cornea has a flatter curve than the posterior central cornea D. the horizontal diameter of the posterior cornea is longer then the horizontal diameter of the anterior cornea |
C. The anterior corneal surface has a longer radius of curvature than the posterior, and the posterior vertical diameter is longer than the anterior.
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30. Glycosaminoglycans, molecules important to corneal structure, are located in:
A. the wing cell layer B. keratocytes C. the stromal collagen fibrils D. the stromal ground substance |
D. The GAGs help maintain spacing b/t fibrils
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31. Which of the following is true regarding the difference in opacity b/t sclera and cornea?
A. the sclera has more glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) than the cornea B. the cornea is more hydrated than the sclera C. corneal fibrils have a greater variety in diameter than scleral fibrils D. spacing b/t scleral collagen fibrils is more regular than that in the cornea E. more elastic fibers are in the cornea than are in the sclear |
B. The cornea has more GAGs and more regular collagen fibrils, in both size and spicing
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32. The sclera is thinnest:
A. at the posterior pole B. at the lamina cribrosa C. w/i the limbus D. just posterior to the rectus muscle insertions |
D. The area at the lamina cribrosa is the weakest
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33. The middle scleral apertures carry the:
A. anterior ciliary arteries B. the vortex veins C. the short ciliary nerves D. the long ciliary nerves E. optic nerve fibers |
B. The posterior apertures carry posterior nerves and arteries, but the anterior apertures carry the anterior nerves and arteries
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34. What is the definition of the anterior boundary of the limbus?
A. a line from the Schwalbe line perpendicular to the surface B. a line from the Schwalbe line to the termination of the Bowman layer C. the Schwalbe line D. a line from the scleral spur to the Schwalbe line |
B. Schwalbe line is a circular line; the line from the scleral spur to the surface is the posterior boundary
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35. The juxtacanalicular tissue is located:
A. b/t the uveal meshwork and the corneoscleral meshwork B. adjacent to the corneoscleral meshwork C. adjacent to the uveal meshwork D. adjacent to the outer wall of the Schlemm canal E. b/t the deep scleral plexus and the intrascleral plexus |
B. The juxtacanalicular tissue separates the endothelium of the Schlemm canal from the trabecular meshwork
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36. The Schwalbe line is located at the:
A. transition of the Bowman layer B. scleral spur C. base of the trabecular meshwork D. termination of the Descement membrane E. iris root |
D. By definition, the termination of the Descement membrane is called the Schwalbe line.
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37. A blue iris is different from a brown iris b/c:
A. far fewer melanosomes are in the iris epithelia in the blue iris B. a continuous epithelium covers the surface of the brown iris, but not the blue iris C. no collagenous trabeculae exist in the brown iris, but they are numerous in the blue iris D. the density of both melanocytes and trabeculae is higher in the brown iris |
D. In all but the albino iris, the two epithelial layers contain dense melanosomes
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38. The minor circle of the iris is located in the :
A. stroma of the ciliary body B. iris stroma C. collarette D. iris anterior border layer E. at the iris root |
B. The major circle of the iris is located in the ciliary body
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39. The anterior iris epithelium is composed of:
A. pigmented columnar epithelium B. fibroblasts and melanocytes C. myoepithelium D. nonpigmented cuboidal epithelium |
C. The basal part of the epithelial cell is the smooth muscle of the dilator
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40. The location of the pupil w/i the iris is:
A. nasal and superior to center B. temporal and superior to center C. nasal and inferior to center D. temporal and inferior to center |
A. Corneal endothelium lines the anterior chamber.
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41. Which of the following lines the posterior chamber?
A. the basement membrane of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium B. the supraciliaris C. the apical aspect of the pigmented ciliary epithelium D. Bruch membrane E. corneal endothelium |
A. Corneal endothelium lines the anterior chamber.
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42. The parasympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscles enters the orbit via:
A. opthalmic nerve B. oculomotor nerve C. dorsonasal nerve D. maxilla nerve E. abducens nerve |
B. The parasympathetic fiber originates in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus part of the third nerve nuclear complex
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43. The insertion of the longitudinal muscle (of Bruche) of the ciliary muscle is:
A. on the scleral spur B. in the ciliary processes C. in anterior choroid D. at the Schwalbe line E. at the trabecular meshwork |
C. The origin is on the scleral spur
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44. The pars plicata of the ciliary body:
A. terminates at the ora serrata B. contains 70 to 80 ciliary processes C. extends into the anterior chamber D. is the location of the transition b/t retinal and ciliary epithelia |
B. The pars plana ends at the ora seratta; the pars plicata extends into the posterior chamber
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45. The central core (the middle layer) of Bruch membrane of the choroid is composed of:
A. the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris B. the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) C. a collagenous layer D. the suprachoroid E. elastic fibers |
E. The elastic layer is sandwitched b/t two collagenous layers surrounded by two basement membranes
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46. The region of the lens with the highest index of refraction is the:
A. cortex B. adult nucleus C. embryonic nucleus D. fetal nucleus E. capsule |
C. The embryonic nucleus at the lens center is the oldest and densest region of the lens
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47. Secondary lens fibers are those:
A. composed of collagen B. formed as a result of mitosis in the pre-equatorial zone C. that attach the lens capsule to the zonule of Zinn D. located in the embryonic nucleus E. that retain their cellular organells throughout life |
B. All fibers after the fibers formed by the posterior epithelium are secondary fibers; all mature fibers lose their cellular organelles.
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48. Which of the following is composed of the youngest lens fibers?
A. fetal nucleus B. embryonic nucleus C. Adult nucleus D. juvenile nucleus E. lens cortex |
E. These are the newest lens fibers
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49. The posterior choroid is supplied primarily by the:
A. long posterior ciliary arteries B. anterior ciliary arteries C. anterior choroidal artery D. short ciliary arteries E. posterior choroidal artery |
D. The long posterior arteries supply the anterior segment; the choroidal arteries supply areas of the brain
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50. The venous drainage from the choroid is primarily via the:
A. short posterior ciliary veins B. long posterior ciliary veins C. cilioretinal vein D. central retinal vein E. vortex vein |
E. No posterior ciliary veins exist
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51. The juncture b/t the posterior lens and the vitreal face is called the:
A. vitreous base B. peripapillary ring C. hyaloideocapsular ligament D. the suspensory ligament E. the ligament of Lockwood |
C. The vitreous base attaches to ciliary body, the suspensory ligament attaches lens to ciliary body, and the ligament of Lockwood supports the globe.
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52. Which region of vitreous has the lowest concentration of collagen?
A. anterior vitreous cortex B. vitreous base C. Cloquet canal D. posterior vitreous cortex |
C. The viterous base has the highest
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53. The indentation in anterior vitreous in which the lens is located is called
A. space of Berger B. Cloquet canal C. valley of Kuhnt D. patella fossa E. canal of Petit |
D. The space of Berger is the space b/t the vitreous and the lens.
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54.The deep retinal capillary network is located in the _____, and the superficial retinal capillary network is located in the _____.
A. outer nuclear layer; ganglion cell layer B. nerve fiber layer; inner nuclear layer C. nerve fiber layer; outer clear layer D. inner nuclear layer; nerve fiber layer E. outer plexiform layer; outer plexiform layer |
D. Inner nuclear layer; nerve fiber layer
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55. Which synapse occurs in the outer plexiform layer of the retina?
A. b/t a rod spherule and a bipolar cell dendrite B. b/t a horizontal cell process and an amacrine process C. b/t a bipolar cell dendrite and a ganglion cell axon D. b/t a horizontal cell process and a bipolar cell axon E. b/t an amacrine cell process and a ganglion cell dendrite |
A. The outer plexiform layer contains rod spherules, cone pedicles, bipolar cell dendrites, and horizontal cell processes. The inner plexiform layer contains bipolar cell axons, ganglion cell dendrites, and amacrine cell processes.
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56. The amacrine cell synapses w/:
A. other amacrine cells B. rod spherules C. bipolar cell dendrites D. horizontal cell processes E. ganglion cell axons |
A. Amacrine cells synapse in the inner plexiform layer.
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57. What structures are located in the photoreceptor layer of the retina?
A. inner fiber and cell body B. inner and outer segments C. pedicles and sperules D. inner segment and soma E. inner and outer fibers |
B. The inner fiber and soma are in the outer nuclear layer, an douter fibers are in the outer plexiform layer
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58. One part of the blood-retinal barrier includes:
A. the zonula occludens in the external limiting membrane B. Bruch membrane C. the tight junctions of the retinal pigmented epithelium D. the middle limiting membrane E. the internal limiting membrane |
C. The external limiting membrane is composed of zonula adherens, Bruch membrane provides no barrier function.
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59. The blood supply to the intracranial optic nerve is via the:
A. anterior choroidal artery B. posterior cerebral artery C. posterior communicating artery D. posterior choroidal artery E. ophthalmic artery |
E. The ophthalmic artery provides the blood supply to the intracranial optic nerve
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60. The optic nerve fascicles in the prelaminar portion of the optic nerve are surrounded by:
A. a glial component only B. a glial component and a connective tissue septa C. a connective tissue component only D. a glial component as well as myelin |
A. At the optic nerve head, the fibers are bundled into fascicles by glial tissue; posterior to the lamina cribrosa, they also are separated by connective tissue septa, and the fibers become myelinated
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61. Which region of the optic nerve head do the superior temporal retinal fibers occupy?
A. nasal third B. temporal third C. superior wedge D. inferior wedge |
C. The temporal third contains the papillomacular bundle
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62. Inferior optic radiations form loops into the _____ and carry information from the _____
A. parietal lobe; inferior field B. temporal lobe; superior field C. parietal lobe; superior filed D. temporal field; inferior field |
B. These are Myer loops and are inferior fibers that loop into the temporal lobe.
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63. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is located:
A. in the pulvinar of the thalamus B. lateral to the lateral ventricle C. w/i the midbrain D. in the interpeduncular fossa E. in the parietal lobe |
A. The LGN is medial to the lateral ventricles
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64. The fibers in the visual pathway known as the anterior knees of Wilbrand:
A. do not cross in the chiasm B. loop into the ipsilateral optic tract before they cross in the chiasm C. are from the temporal retina D. are from superior retina E. cross in the chiasm before they loop inot the contralateral optic nerve |
E. The posterior knees loop into the ipsilateral optic tract before crossing
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65. The optic radiations terminate in the:
A. temporal lobe B. peristriate cortex C. visual cortex D. LGN E. parietal lobe |
C. The radiations originate in the LGN and pass through the temporal and parietal lobes
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66. The lateral side of the optic tract carries fibers from the:
A. inferior temporal retina of the contralateral eye B. superior temporal retina of the ipsilateral eye C. superior nasal retina of the contralateral eye D. inferior nasal retinal of the contralateral eye |
D. The inferior (lower) fibers are either lower or lateral in the pathway, and nasal fibers cross
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67. The stria of Gennari that gives the striate cortex its name is located in:
A. layer II B. layer III C. layer IV D. layer V E. layer VI |
C. The stria of Gennari is located in layer VI
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