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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A fracture of the pterygoid hamulus affects the function of which muscle?
A. Tensor veli palatini B. Levator veli palatini C. Medial pterygoid D. Lateral pterygoid
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Tensor veli palatini |
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The primitive streak normally gives rise to which of the following structures?
A. Dorsal root ganglia B. Lining of the gastrointestinal tract C. Notochord D. Spinal cord E. Thyroid gland
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Notochord |
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Where are the body's temperature regulation centers located?
A. Midbrain B. Pons C. Medulla D. Hypothalamus
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Hypothalamus |
The correct answer is D. Temperature regulation centers and thirst and food intake regulatory centers are located in the hypothalamus.
Choice A - Midbrain contains the micturation center.
Choice B - Pneumotaxic centers are located in the pons.
Choice C - The medulla contains the vasomotor center, respiratory center, vomiting, swallowing, and coughing centers. |
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The lymph from the upper lateral quadrant of the mammary gland primarily drains into the
A. anterior (pectoral) axillary nodes. B. central axillary nodes. C. infraclavicular (deltopectoral) axillary nodes. D. lateral axillary nodes. E. posterior (subscapular) axillary nodes.
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A. anterior (pectoral) axillary nodes. |
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) organisms are
A. resistant to all antibiotics. B. a form of untreatable TB. C. common causes of nosocomial infections. D. streptococci. |
C. common causes of nosocomial infections. |
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Which of the following is MOST likely to be decreased during resting conditions for a patient that has been severely anemic (Hb = 6.0 g/dL) for several months?
A. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate B. Arterial PO2 C. Cardiac output D. Mixed venous PO2 E. Red blood cell H+ concentration |
Mixed venous PO2 |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes the production of cortisol by stimulating which of the following reactions?
A. 11-Deoxycortisone to cortisol B. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol C. Cholesterol to pregnenolone D. Pregnenolone to progesterone E. Progesterone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone
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Cholesterol to pregnenolone |
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Which of the following organisms would MOST likely be isolated from shunt tubing or indwelling catheters in hospitalized children who develop meningitis?
A. Bacteroides fragilis B. Corynebacterium diphtheriae C. Escherichia coli D. Staphylococcus epidermidis E. Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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Which of the following muscles is innervated by both the accessory nerve and the cervical spinal nerves?
A. Pectoralis minor B. Rhomboideus major C. Serratus anterior D. Subclavius E. Trapezius
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Trapezius |
The trapezius is innervated by the accessory nerve, as well as by the cervical spinal nerves. The pectoralis minor muscle (choice A) is innervated by the median pectoral nerve. The dorsal scapular nerve innervates the rhomboideus major (choice B), rhomboideus minor, and levator scapulae muscles. The serratus anterior muscle (choice C) is innervated by the long thoracic nerve. The subclavius muscle (choice D) is innervated by the subclavian nerve. |
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A 50-year-old man presents with headache, nausea, memory loss, abdominal pain, dark colored lines in gums, neuropathy, and anemia. Which of the following enzyme/s is/are inhibited in this patient?
A. ALA dehydrase and ferrochelatase B. ALA synthase C. Uroporphyrinogen I synthase D. UDP-glucuronyl transferase
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ALA dehydrase and ferrochelatase |
The correct answer is A. This is a case of lead poisoning. Lead inhibits ALA dehydrase and ferrochelatase, the enzymes of the heme synthesis pathway. Other signs and symptoms include coarse basophilic stippling of erythrocytes, lead deposits in abdomen, and epiphysis of bone.
Choice B - ALA synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme synthesis and is repressed by heme.
Choice C - is the enzyme of heme synthesis; its absence leads to acute intermittent porphyria.
Choice D - UDP-glucuronyl transferase is the enzyme of heme degradation, and is involved in the formation of the conjugated form of bilirubin. |
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Which group of organisms is found in the highest numbers in the oral cavity?
A. Staphylococci B. Anaerobic streptococci C. Anaerobic spirochetes D. Beta-hemolytic streptococci E. Facultative streptococci
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Facultative streptococci |
Facultative streptococci include Strep. mutans and most oral streptococci. They are able to grow in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions (as opposed to strict aerobes and strict anaerobes, which cannot). They are the most common oral organisms. Some Staphylococci exist in the mouth (for example, S. epidermidis), however not to a great degree. Anaerobic and facultative spirochetes are also found in the mouth, often in the gingival sulcus. They are not present in a high population. Beta-hemolytic streptococci include Strep. pyogenes, which causes streptococcal pharyngitis. Most oral streptococci are viridans streptococci, which are non-Beta-hemolytic strep. |
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Which area of the stomach has numerous, normal cuboidal-to-columnar cells with apical, membrane-bound secretion granules in the gastric glands?
A. Cardiac region B. Columns of Morgagni C. Fundic region D. Greater omentum E. |
Fundic region |
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What substance allows platelet adhesion to exposed collagen fibers following surgery?
A. Factor VIII B. Factor IX C. Fibronectin D. Tissue factor E. Von Willebrand factor
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Von Willebrand factor |
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The buccal cusp of the mandibular second premolar occludes with which maxillary tooth surfaces?
A. The mesial marginal ridge of the first molar and distal marginal ridge of the second premolar B. The mesial marginal ridge of the second premolar and distal marginal ridge of the first premolar C. The embrasure between the first and second molars D. The embrasure between the second premolar and first molar |
The mesial marginal ridge of the second premolar and distal marginal ridge of the first premolar |
The buccal cusp of a mandibular premolar is a holding (supporting) cusp. The general rule of occlusion of mandibular holding cusps is as follows: the holding cusps of the mandibular teeth occlude on the mesial marginal ridge of their maxillary counterpart, and the distal marginal ridge of the maxillary tooth mesial to their counterpart, EXCEPT distobuccal cusps of mandibular molars occlude with central fossae of their counterparts, the distal cusp of the mandibular first molar occludes with the distal triangular fossa of its counterpart, and the first premolar occludes only with the mesial marginal ridge of its counterpart (but not the canine). In this case, the maxillary counterpart is the maxillary second premolar, and the tooth mesial to it is the first premolar. |
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The endothelial lining of the aorta is composed of which of the following tissue types?
A. Pseudostratified epithelium B. Simple columnar epithelium C. Simple cuboidal epithelium D. Simple squamous epithelium E. Stratified columnar epithelium
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Simple squamous epithelium |
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The superior ophthalmic vein directly communicates with which of the following dural venous sinuses?
A. Cavernous sinus B. Occipital sinus C. Sigmoid sinus D. Superior petrosal sinus E. Straight sinus
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Cavernous sinus |
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A patient suffers an infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Pathologic examination of the patient's brain would likely show
A. caseous necrosis B. coagulative necrosis C. enzymatic fat necrosis D. gangrenous necrosis E. liquefactive necrosis |
liquefactive necrosis |
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Megaloblastic anemia with folate deficiency is linked to an inability to perform which type of enzymatic process?
A. Acyl transfer B. Carboxylation C. Decarboxylation D. Hydroxylation E. Methylation
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Methylation |
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Which tooth is MOST likely to have a root forced into the maxillary sinus during extraction?
A. Canine B. First premolar C. Second premolar D. First molar E. Second molar |
First molar |
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Which of the following pairs of hormones are MOST important to replace immediately after removal of a tumor near the sella turcica, before life-threatening symptoms develop due to anterior pituitary insufficiency?
A. Estrogens and mineralocorticoids B. Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones C. Growth hormone and luteinizing hormone D. Prolactin and glucocorticoids E. |
Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones |
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MOST of the testosterone secreted by the testes exists in the plasma in the form of
A. dihydrotestosterone bound to gonadal steroid-binding hormone B. free dihydrotestosterone C. free testosterone D. testosterone bound to albumin E. testosterone bound to sex-steroid-binding globulin |
testosterone bound to sex-steroid-binding globulin |
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Observation of a hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscope slide reveals that the nuclei are blue. What is the basis for this observation?
A. Eosin binds to carbohydrates B. Eosin binds to lipids C. Eosin binds to nucleic acids D. Hematoxylin binds to lipids E. Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids
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Hematoxylin binds to nucleic acids |
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