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196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Principal Bacteria associated with refractory periodontitis 4개
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Por repeatedly Baught Panasonic. Inc Cam = Porphylo. Gingivalis , Bacteroides forsythus ,PI, Campy recuts
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Principal bact. Associated with RPP
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PEPsi Causes fucking Erosions
:Porphylomonas gingivalis , Eubacterium , PI , Campy retus , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Eikenella corrodons |
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Aggressive Periodontitis - Generalized / Localized 각각의 원인균 2개씩
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General = P.I / E.C (eikenella corrodons) Local=A-Cap (A.a + Capnocytophaga ochraceus)
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Juvenile Diabetes Periodontis 원인균
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A-cap
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ANUG 원인균 4개
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Fucking Selena did Spiral sex with Pretrelli = Fusobacterium spp, Selenamonas spp, Intermediate-sized Spirochtes ,Prevotella intermedia
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mycolic acid biosynthesis를 방해하는 항생제는?
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Isoniazid
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mycolic acid 를 cell wall에 가지는 Bact 2개
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Mycobacterium / Actinomycetes
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Transformation시 recipient cell로 uptake되는 DNA는 ( ds or ss) 이고, uptake는 ( ) factor가 있어야 일어난다.
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ds, competence
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Encapsulated bacteria mn
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Some Killere Have Pretty Nice Capsules. Strep. Pneumoniae , Klebsiella , Haemophilus , *Pseudomonas , Nisseria Meningitidis , *Crytococcus
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Toxins that increase cAMP mn
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Cholera , Anthrax , M=E.coli , Pertussis
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Anaerobe Bacteria mn
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acaerobe라고 외우자.악박ㅋ
An ABC = Actinomyces , Bacteroides , Clostridium |
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Aerobe Bacteria mn
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Nagging Pest Must Breathe.
*Nocardia , Pseudomonas , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Bacillus anthracis |
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positive strand RNA virus mn
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a RETRO TOGA party with FLAVourful PICO and CORONAs.
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naked RNA virus mn
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The RNA viurs get naked when they want to
RE-PLI-C-A te. Reo , Plica , Calici, Astro |
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circular RNA virus mn
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All RNA virus have linear RNA except BAD ones. Bunya Arena Delta
Delta - Hepa D |
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lysogenic conversion하는 bact.?
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Corynebacterium diphteria / lysogenic bacterium = temperate bacteriophage를 가지고 있는 얘
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Enterobacteria phage ( ) is a phage that infects E.coli bact.
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T4
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Plasmids 는 linear or circular / ss or ds ?
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circular / ds
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EBV의 usual site for latency?
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B-lymphocyte
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VZV의 usual site for latency
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cranial and thoracic sensory ganglion
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DNA non-Env. Virus 3개
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PAP = Parvo , Adeno, papilloma * HPV 16,18 암을 일으킨다.
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Most viral antigen of diagnostic value are ( )
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protein
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influenza virus & retro virus replicate in Nuc / Cytoplasm?
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in Nucleus
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coagulase negative Staph. ?
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S. saprophyticus , epidermis
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Staph.는 ( aerobe/ anaerobe/ Fan) 이고, catalase (+)이고 oxidase ( ) 이다. 대부분의 strain은 coagulase (+) 이다.
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fan 이고 oxidase (-)
Staph strain 대부분은 cat + and cog + and oxid - S.epidermis와 saprophyticus만 cog - |
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Parvo virus가 일으키는 질환은?
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Erythema infectiosum(slapped cheek syndrome)
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Hyaluronidase is an enzyme produced by bact. Which bact below do not produce this? A. strep. B. Staph. C. Clostridium D.Neisseria
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D. Neisseria
fibrinolysin --> SS (strep, staph) (streptokinase , staphylokinase) |
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Hyaluronic acid = ( ) + N-acetyl ( )
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glucuronic acid + N-acetyl Glucosamine
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Pseudomonas. =
a. 호흡형태 와 예외 strain b. 약한 antibiotics c.toxin 중 immune system을 교란하는 것은? D. 형광빛을 띠는 strain은? E. shape f. Gram |
a. all aerobe but P.aeruginosa는 Fan
b. gentamicin(Pc에 선천적으로 저항) c. exoenzyme S(미인계를쓴다.) exotoxin A--> inhibit protein synthesis d. aeruginosa e.curved rod f.G(-) |
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which two bact. Have been found to be the principal bact. Associated with ANUG?
A. strep. Sanguis B.Prevotella intermedia C.Spirochtes(intermediate size) D. Actionomyces israeli E.Porphylomonas gingivalis |
PI / Spirochtes
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Fan. G(-) rod 3개
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F--->P
PEV . Pasteurella , Enterobacteriaceae , Vibrionaceae |
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Anaerobe G(-) rod 3개
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Bad Poor Father
B--->P--->F Bacteroides , Prevotella, Fusobacterim |
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Regular non-spore G(-) rod 1개
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Lactobacillus
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irregular non-spore G(+) rod 2개
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Corynebacterium , Antinomyces
-->aerobe |
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Actinomycetes 3개?
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nocardia , rhodococcus , streptomyces
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Herpes virus
I. Herpes virus 5종류? II.Herpes중 vesicular rash를 일으키는 3개는? III. Herpes virus envelop is from? |
I. simplex I , II EBV , CMV , VZV
II. Simplex I,II and VZV III nuclear memb.( nuclear memb에서 envelop을 bud하여 얻는 유일한 virus) |
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rubella virus is a member of the togavirus family and is an (Env or Non-E) virus composed of an icosahedral nucleocapsid and a ( ) stranded ,( + or - ) stranded RNA genome
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Enveloped *Single stranded Positive stranded
RNA virus is commonly single strand |
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Congenital rubella syndrome of heart?
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PDA
-pulmonary artery through Aorta |
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( ) lymphadenophthy is characteristic in Rubella
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Posterior auricular
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lecithinase를 만드는 bact.?
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Clostrium perfrigens.
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IL-1 를 만드는 cell은 ?
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MQ
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Growth of blood cell precursor의 효과를 내는 IL은?
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IL-3
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IL-2 의 source와 effect는?
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Activatied T cell (TH1) / proliferation of TH1
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T cell , B cell growth , antibody production , APC stimulation하는 IL은?
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IL-1
TBA production APC stimul |
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G(+) cocci에도 잘 듣고 , Anaerobe에서도 잘듣는 항생제는
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Clindamycin
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Bact. DNA를 공격하는 것은? 2개 A. Pc B. Quinolone c. Erythromycin d. Chloraphenicol e. Metronidazole
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B, E
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Metabolic pathway를 방해하는 drug는?
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Sulfa drug(Sulfonamides)
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protein synthesis를 방해하는 agent는? 2개 A. Pc B. Quinolone c. Clindamycin d. Chloraphenicol e. Metronidazole
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c,d(protein synthesis inhibitor - Tc, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol
clindamycin and chloramphenicol both inhibit 50s head ribosome |
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Richkettsial ds 치료에 주로 쓰이는 항생제 2개는?
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Tc + Chloramphenicol
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Richkettsialpox 의 vector는? A. tick b. flea c. lice d. mite
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mite
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interstitial nephritis를 유발하기때문에 평소에는 잘 안쓰이나 penicillinase producing bacteria에 쓰이는 anti는?
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Methicillin
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ergosterol은 fungi의 cell wall 에 있는가 cell memb에 있는가?
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cell memb
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다음 중 conidia는 a. chlamydorespore b. zygospores. C. ascospores d basidiospores
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chlamydorespore
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pseudohypae라고도 불리는 spore는?
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Blastospore
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rhizopus와 mucor와 같은 mold에 의해 생기는 spore는 ?
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sporangio-spore
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AIDS 환자에서 자주 걸리는 fungal infection 4개 - Mucormycosis , Aspergillus , Candida , ( )
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Cryptococcus neofromans
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liver에서 대사되어서 epoxide가 된 후 DNA에 붙어서 transcription을 방해해서 hepatic carcinoma를 유발하는 toxin은?
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aflatoxin
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aspergillus 의 의한 질환 3개중 asthma attack을 일으키는것은
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ABPA - allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis
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aspergillus 의 의한 질환 3개중 lung에 국한된 것은?
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Aspergillus
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conidia중 coccidioides immitis 의 spore는?
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Arthro-spore
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Shy-Drager syndrome은?
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Parkinson's ds와 비슷한 증상
multiple system atropy |
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protozoa에 cell wall이 있는가?
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없다.
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( ) is an infection of the large intestine caused by a (flagellated or non-flagellated) protozoan ( )
presents a Dysentery and liver abscess |
Amebiasis
non-flagellated Entamoeba histolytica |
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia affect only (male or female) because it is sexlinked ds. Bacterial and Fungal infection inc.
this is caused by a mutaion in the B-cell protein ( ) |
male
tyroxine kinase |
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Vit B12 malabsorption also occurs with (Crohn or Gardner)ds.
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Crohn's disease
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Pins-and-needles sensation,especially in feet
is related which nutrient insufficiency. a. iron b. Vit B12 c. Vit C d. Vit B1 e. Vit B2 |
Vit B1 (thiamine)
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sore tongue and cracks at edge of mouth(cheilosis) is related which nutrient insufficiency.
a. iron b. Vit B12 c. Vit C d. Vit B1 e. Vit B2 |
e. Vit B2(riboflavin)
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Anemia , Pins-and-needles sensation
is related which nutrient insufficiency. a. iron b. Calcium c. Vit C d. Vit B1 e. Vit B12 |
e Vit B12 * iron, Folic acid anemia에서는 pin and needle sensation없다.
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다음의 malabsorption disorder중 sore tongue from vit B2 deficiency와 관련이 있는것은?
a. tropical sprue b. celiac disease c. whipple's ds d. intestinal lymphangiectasia |
tropical sprue
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다음의 malabsorption disorder중 gluten 섭취와 관련이 있는 것은?
a. tropical sprue b. celiac disease c. whipple's ds d. intestinal lymphangiectasia |
celiac ds
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다음의 malabsorption disorder중 intestine infection과 관련이 있는것은?
a. tropical sprue b. celiac disease c. whipple's ds d. intestinal lymphangiectasia |
whipple's ds
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colon cancer 위험이 높은 syndrome은?
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Gardner
colon polys with skull osteoma |
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다음 중 pigmentation을 보이는 것 2개는
a. Peutz-Jegher b. Gardner c. Turcot d. Wilson's |
PJ and Wilson
wilson's ds(hepatolenticular syndrome) basal ganglia degeneration Turcots syndrome -polys with CNS tumors |
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Erythema muliforme의 systemic condition은?
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Steven-Johnson's syndrome
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acute asthma attack시 치료제는?
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B2-agonist
Terbutaline , albuterol |
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RBC in urine 2개 고르시오
a. nephrotic syndrome b. nephritic syndrome c. pyelonephritis d. renal infaction |
nephritic and renal infarction
nephrotic --> protein in urine |
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WBC in urine
a. nephrotic syn. b. nephritis syn c. pyelonephritis d. renal infaction |
pyelonephritis
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oval fat body가 urine에서 보이는 경우는?
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proteinuria and lipidruia
proteinuria 시 고혈압, edema생긴다. |
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ALL 의 peak age는
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ALL 4
네살 |
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philadelphia chromosome이 주로발견되는 leukemia는?
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CML
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Down, EBV와 관련있는 leukemia는?
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CML
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emphysema 시 lung compliance는 inc or dec
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increse
C=V/p 인데 lung의 elastic recoil능력이 떨어져서 Volume이 늘어나므로 compliance도 증가. |
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Emphysema의 obstruction은 mucus over-production에 의한 것이다. T or F
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F
tissue change에 의한 것이다. mucus production에 의한 obstruction은 asthma , chronic bronchitis |
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alpha-a antitrypsin이 없는 사람은 어떤 lung ds에 취약한가?
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emphysema<---smoking
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cetrilobar emphysema는 주로 smoking에 의한 것이고 ( )emphysema는 antiproteinase deficiency에 의한것이다.
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panlobar
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백인 호발, mucus와 sweat gland에 이상이 생기고, sodium channel에 영향을 주는 질환은
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Cystic fibrosis
-->exocrine gland dysfunctions |
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retina 와 cerebellum에 hemangioma가 생기는 질환은?
1. Marfan 2. Gardner 3. Wilson's ds 4. von Hippel-Lindau ds |
vHL
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Familial hypercholesterolemia는 (lipoprotein lipase or LDL receptor)에 문제가 생기는 생긴것이다.
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LDL receptor
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smoking의 의한 질환
1.emphysema 2.chronic bronchitis 둘중 productive cough는? precancerous는? |
chronic bronchitis
->cor pulmonare가 생긴다. --> submucosal gl. hyperplasia --> bronchial smooth m. hypertrophy |
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Reid index?
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pulmonary gland wall thickness/muscle wall thickness
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49 yr old man has had increasing discomfort with abdominal enlargement for the past three yrs. On physical examination, the spleen can be felt below the left costal margin. An abdominal CT scan reveals massive splenomegaly. which of the following underlying conditions is he most likely to have?
a. Myelofibrosis b. Sickle cell anemia c. Portal hypertension d. Infectious mononucleosis |
Myelofibrosis
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a clinical study is performed with subjects who are adults found to have anemia. Their clinical histories and laboratory findings are reveiwed. It is observed that ingestion of a drug preceded development of the anemia in some of the subjects, but not in others. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be found in persons without a history of drug ingestion?
a. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia b. Macrocystic anemia c. Aplastic anemia d. Microcystic anemia |
microcystic anemia-- by iron deficiency.
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sulfur granule이 특징적인 병은?
lumpy jaw라고도 불린다. |
Actinomycosis
-branching filamentous bacteria , anaerobe |
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All of following statement concering botulisom are true except:
a. it is an uncommon, life-threatening poisoning caused by the toxins produced by the gram-positive,anaerobic bacillus clostridium botulinum b.These extotoxin(neurotoxins) are the most potent poisons known and can severely damage nerves and muscles c.It is caused by a toxin that hydrolyzes lecithin(lecithinase), thereby destroing nerve cells d.It occurs with botulism food poisoning, wound botulism, and infant botulism e.The foods most commonly contaminated are home-canned vegetables, cured pork and ham,smoked or raw fish, and honey or corn syrup f.the mortality from botulism is about 25%; death is usually caused by repiratory failure during the 1st week of illness |
c.
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the most potent of the anaphylatoxins is :
a. C3a b. C4a c. C5a |
C5a
--> Type I hypersensitivity |
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ACID mn는?
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3a EAG ASS
anaphylaxis atopy asthma Erythroblastosis fetalis Autoimmunehemolytic anemia Goodpasteur's ds Arthus reaction Serum sickness SLE C-contact dermatitis T-TB C-chronic Transplantation rejection |
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complement fixing antibody는?
(2개) a. IgA b. IgE c. IgM d. IgG |
IgM and G
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Complement activation is a feature of type ( ) hypersensitivity
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III
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the protein ( ) complexes with C3b and stabilizes alternate pathway C3 convertase that cleave C3
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properdin
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reticuloendothelial system 에 neutrophil이 들어가는가 ?
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no
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다음 lung cancer 중 smoking과 연관이 적은것은
a. epidermoid carcinoma b. adenocarcinoma c. small cell carcinoma d. large cell carcinoma |
b. adenocarcinoma
- TB와 관련 |
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diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma와 관련이 있는 leukemia는?
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CLL
*CML은 E(M)BV, philadelphia ch과 관련이 잇다. |
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Mycosis fungoides는 fungal infection이다.
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false
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma T-lymphocyte기원 , skin에 영향을 주어서 안모변형을 초래 neoplastic cell circulate--> sezary syndrome이라고 한다. |
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malignant epithelial cell have an increased number of ( ) receptors.
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laminin
- major component of basement membrane. cell adhesion, migration, growth, diffentiation에 관여 |
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skin에 가장 흔한 tumor는 basal cell carcinoma이고 oral cavity에서 가장 흔한 것은 ( )이다.
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SCC
basal cell carcinoma에서 nuclei의 palisade arrangement가 나타난다. |
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PSA 정상 수치는?
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4 ng/ml
PSA-->bone으로 전이 |
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( ) is a cutaneous disroder marked by hyperkeratosis and pigmentation of the axilla,neck,flexures, and anogenital region. More than half of the patients with this have cancer(GI carcinomas, particulary the stomach)
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Acanthosis nigricans.
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pilosebaceous origin의 SCC와 닮은 malignancy는?
a. Dermatofibromas b. Seborrheic keratosis c. Acrochordon d. Keratoancathoma e. Actinic keratosis |
keratoacanthoma
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APUDoma?
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amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation tumor
hormone like substance release |
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Which of the following is a chracteristic of malignant neoplasms in which there is no differentiation to suggest a particular cell type>
a. Dysplasia b. Anaplasia c. Metaplasia d. Desmoplasia |
Anaplasia
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다음중 osseous tumor인것은? 2개
a. Ewing's sarcoma b. Fibrosarcoma c. Malignant giant cell tumor d. Chordoma e. chondrosarcoma |
malignant giant cell tumor
chondrosarcoma |
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chordoma?
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noto-chord 기원의 암
constipation과 visual disturbance가 생긴다. |
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다음중 female에 잘생기는 것은?2개
a. osteogenic sarcoma b. parosteal osteogenic sarcoma c. chondrosarcoma d. malignant giant cell tumor |
parosteal osteogenic sarcoma
malignant giant cell tumor |
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malignant giant cell tumor 호발부위는?
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knee
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젊은 사람한테 잘 걸리는 것은?2개
a. osteogenic sarcoma b. parosteal osteogenic sarcoma c. chondrosarcoma d. malignant giant cell tumor |
osteogenic , giant cell tumor
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rheumatic heart ds이 영향받는 valve 2개는?
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mitral and aortic
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EBV관련질환4개
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Burkitt's lymphoma ; nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; hairyleukiplakia ; infectious mononucleosis ; * CMV에 의해서도 infectios mononucleosis걸릴 수 있다.
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Eburnation of bone ; osteophyte formation은 어떤질환의 특징인가?
a.Gout b.Rheumatoid arthritis c.Osteoarthritis d.Osteomyelitis e.Lyme disease |
osteoarthritis
50세 이상 여성에서 호발 |
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immune complex are effectively cleared by the ( )
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reticuloendothelial system
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Type III hypersensitivity에서 histamine이 중요한 역할을 하는가?
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no
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Secondary hyperparathyrodism은 주로 무엇때문인가?
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chronic renal ds로 인한 hypocalcemia
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HyperPTH --> Ca up , P( ) , serum alkaline phosphatase( )
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phosphate down
serum Alkaline phosphatase up |
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hyperparathyrodism시 central giant cell granuloma가 생기는가?
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osteoporosis
central giant cell granuloma metastatic calcification 이 같이 생긴다. |
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In which type of hypersensitivity reaction do the antibodies produced by the immune response bind to antigens on the patient's own cell surface
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type II
cytotoxic reaction antibody reaction with antigen of cell |
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T3 , T4 중에 강한 것은?
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T3
T4---> T3 in the peripheral ts |
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Lisch nodule 을 보이는 질환은?
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NF-1
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Hearing loss가 나타나는 NF type은?
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NF-2
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thrombus / thrombosis의 차이
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thrombus 는 artery cell wall에 붙어있는 blood clot이고 thrombosis는 돌아다니는 것
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thrombus중에 혈관을 완전히 막지 않는 것은?
a. Agonal thrombus b. Mural thrombus c. White thrombus d. Red thrombus e. Fibrin thrombus |
fibrin thrombus
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thrombus중에 MI와 관련된 것은?
a. Agonal thrombus b. Mural thrombus c. White thrombus d. Red thrombus e. Fibrin thrombus |
mural
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Constrictive pericarditis is an postinflammatory thickening and scarring of pericardium. It leads to diminished cardiac motion and the heart size is not increased. It is typically a complication of ( )
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TB
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Beck's triad
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elevated CVP with neck vein distension, muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus
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( )aneurysm characteristically result in aortic rupture, most often into the pericardial sac, causing fatal cardiac tamponade
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dissecting aneurysm
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Hemophilia C에서 결핍 factor?
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XI
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Hemophilia 시 늘어나는 것은?
a. PTT b. PT c. Bleeding time |
PTT
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Hemophilia B에서 결핍 factor는?
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IX
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Paget's ds 환자는 osteosarcoma 걸릴 확율이 높다
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True
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Actinomycetes & nocardia
a. 둘중 aerobe는? b. 둘중 sulfur granule을 가지는 것은? |
a. nocardia
actinomycetes는 an-aerobe actinomyces israelii b. actinomycetes |
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Actinomyces & nocardia
a. acid-fast인 것은? b. normal flora인 것은? c. G(+)인 것은? |
a. nocardia asteroides
b. actinomyces c. both |
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Actinomycetes와 nocardia의 공통점 pus abscess를 만들고, fungus like bacteria, nocardia는 TB와 같이 mycoliac acid cell wall을 가진다.
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read
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Actinomycetes & nocardia
각각의 치료제는? |
SNAP
sulfa for nocardia Actinomycetes give Pc |
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Paramyxoviridae중에 hemeagglutinin , neuramidase가 없고 대신 fusion protein을 가지는 것은?
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RSV-->소아에서 폐렴유발
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RSV 치료제는
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Ribavirin
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Transduction
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cell to cell transfer of DNA
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Pox virus family
small pox + vaccinia virus + ( ) |
MCV
molluscum contagious virus |
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rebella virus causes ( )
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Germal measles
*rubeola --> Mealses |
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retrovirus에서 reverse-transcriptase를 code하는 gene은?
a. env b. pol c. gag |
pol
*gag->nucleoid protein code |
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Papovaviridae의 2 genera
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papilloma virus
Polyomavirus -둘다 oncogenic이다. Think O ds circular DNA |
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polyoma virus 2종류
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BK,JC
JC는 immunecompromised pt에서 PML유발.(Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy) |
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Paramyxo / Orthomyxo 중 genome이 segmentation된 것은?
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ortho
paramyxo의 genome은 not segmented |
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human antibiotics를 가지는 bacteria는
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corynebacterium diphteria
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inhibition of inhibitory interneuron?
tetani or butulinum |
teteni
-GABA, Glycine 같은 inhibitory neurotransmitter release를 방해 |
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Listeria monocytogenes 가 주로 감염시키는 사람은?
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pregnant woman
CMI가 떨어져있는 3기에 주로 감염되고 본인보다 fetus에 주로 감염 Listeria는 MQ내에서 자란다. 즉 MQ가 부실한 사람에서 자람 LM-->Fan , G(+) rod |
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G(+) bacteria 6개는?
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2 cocci + 4 rod
strep / staph Bacillus / Clostridium Corynebacterium / Listeria |
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G(-) cocci 는?
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Neisseria 한개이다. only one
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spirochtes는 G(+) or G(-)?
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G(-)
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Strep.pyogenes가 일으키는 질환은? mn있음
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NIPPLESS
Necrotising fasciitis and myositis Impetigo Pharyngitis *Pneumonia Lymphangitis Erysipelas and cellulitis Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSS |
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staphylococcus aureus가 일으키는 질환? mn있음
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SOFT PAINS:
Skin infections Osteomyelitis Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Pneumonia Acute endocarditis Infective arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis Sepsis |
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AIDS pathogens
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The Major Pathogens Concerning Complete T-Cell Collapse
*MAI : TB like symptom but with GI problem Toxoplasma gondii M. avium intracellulare(MAI) Pneumocystis carinii Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Tuberculosis CMV Cryptosporidium parvum |
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Il-( ) is for myeloid stimulation
Il-( ) is for lymphoid stimulation |
Il-3 and Il-7
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Strep. pyogenes virulence factor 는? mn있음
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SMASHED
Streptolysins M-protein Anti-C5a peptidase Streptokinase Hyaluronidase Exotoxin DNase |
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volutin?
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cytoplasmic granule 의 일종
metachromatic granules ATP생산과 관련된 high energy reserve Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Corynebacterium diphtheriae에 많다. |
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ts taken from an individual of the same species who is not genetically related to the recipient is called
a. xenograft b. autograft c. allograft d. isograft |
allograft
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transverse mutation / transition mutation ?
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transverse
- purine /pyrimidine 이 서로 바뀌는 것 transition -purine 끼리 바뀌고, pyrimidine끼리 바뀌는 것 purine - pyrimidine 배열에는 변화없다. |
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steam autoclave flash cycle
270F at a pressure of ( )psi for a minimum of ( ) minute |
270F 30psi 3min
unwrapped instrument |
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only alkaliphile bacteria
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Strep. pneumoniae
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opsonin 2개
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C3a, Fc part of AB
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다음 중 Staph. aureus 의 virulence factor는?
a. M protein b. A protein c. F protein d. DNase B |
Protein A
M and F protein --> for adherence in strep. pyognens Streptodornase(DNase B) --> depolymerize DNA |
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renin sercretion is activated by ?
a. angiotensin b. renal atrial blood pressure up c. renal vein blood pressure down d. sympathetic nerve activation |
d. sympathetic nerve act.
renal aterial pressure down될 경우에도 renin분비된다. |
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angiotensin II
a. constrict resistance vessel b. release aldosterone c. release ADH d. stimulates thirst center within brain e. stimulate cardiac hypertrophy and vascular hypertrophy f. facilitates NE release and inhibit uptake --> action time increase |
read
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swish and swallow 로 치료하는
C.albicans의 치료제 2개는? |
Nystatin and Clotrimezole
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50s ribosome을 block하는 antibiotics 3개는?
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clindamycin -->colitis
chloramphenicol-->bone marrow Macrolide계 (Anithromycin/Clarithromycin/Erythromycin) |
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cefaclor는 몇세대 cephalosporin인가?
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2세대
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Turner / klinefelter 각각의 유전자형은?
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XO / XXY
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plummer's ds 와 Grave's ds의 차이는?
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grave는 20-40호발, exophtalmos 생기나, plummer는 노인에 호발, exophtalmos없다.
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ADH는 hyppthalaumus의 ( ) nuclei에서 만들어진다.
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suparoptic
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leukemia중 가장 악성인 것과 가장 악성이 아닌것은?
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AML--> most malignant
CLL--->least mal. |
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2개의 phase를 가지는 leukemia는
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CML
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esophageal varices를 일으키는 vein in esophagus?
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superficial vein
superficial vein --> left gastric --> portal vein *대부분의 esophagus blood는 --> esophageal vein-->azygos vein-->SVC (esophageal varice와 무관) |
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Kernicterus?
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toxic bilirubin accumulation in brain and spinal cord
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bacterial infection중 neutrophil depression이 일어나는 것은?
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typhoid fever and brucellosis
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crohn's ds granuloma의 특징은?
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non-necrotizing
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small molcecule,not antigenic by itself, that can react with antibodies is called ?
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hapten
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epitope?
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antibody binding site on an antigen
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A groups of compounds derived from unsaturated fatty acid which are extremely potent mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation are called
a. neurotransmitter b. leukotrienes c. tratogens d. bradykinins |
leukotrienes
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Hemosiderosis / Hemochromatosis
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Hemosiderosis - Hemosiderin이 MQ에 쌓인것. yet no damage
Thalassemia major Hemochromatosis - Bronzed ds. more extensive form of hemosiderosis ts and organ damage |
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HBsAg means what?
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live virus and infection
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Anti HBsAg?
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immune , no active ds
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HBcAg
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c-->chronicle
얼마나 infection이 있엇는지 알 수 있다. |
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HBeAg
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e-->Ective
active ds. high infectious |
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Blastomycosis causes skin ulcer and bone lytic lesion.
T/F |
true
histoplasm capsulatum, coccidioides immitis 는 대부분의 사람에서 증상이 없으나 Blastomycoses dermatitidis 는 lung, skin , bone에 증상이 나타난다. last to get,, hardest to heal. |
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Circular DNA virus 2개는?
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Papova and Hep B virus
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Hep B vaccine is what type of vaccine?
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recombinant vaccine
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chromosome translocation?
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non-homologous chromosome 사이에 일어나는 part swapping
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Robertsonian translocation?
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acrocentric chromosome fusion
-->down syndrome |
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Philadelphia chromosome is a result of
a. transverse mutaion b. transition c. reciprocal tranlocation |
reciprocal translocation
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