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11 Cards in this Set

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What are the components of fitness?
-survival to adulthood
-fecundity
-mating success
-offspring born
-offspring survival
What are aspects of extravagant traits?
-costly
-found in males
-used in mating
What is sexual selection?
Selection for traits that are attractive to mates or concern competition for mates (sub-division of Darwinian selection)
-Includes inter-sexual and intra-sexual selection
What is the sex difference in variance in reproductive success?
females vs males
-few gametes vs many gametes
-each mating is a large % vs. small % of lifetime RS
-RS depends on the % of offspring raised to maturity vs. number of females fertilized
females put most of the reproductive effort into parental effort, while males put theirs into mating effort
What are the mechanisms of sexual selection?
-male contest (intrasexual competition)
-female choice (intersexual choice)
What is the difference between intra-sexual and inter-sexual selection?
INTRA favors traits that affect the ability of members of the same sex to compete with each other for mates

INTER favors traits that attract the members of the opposite sex
What are some results of intrasexual selection on males? (adaptations that enable males to compete for reproductive success)
-guarding behavior
-monopolization of females
-"sneak" copulations
-assaults on male competitors or their offspring
-size of testes: sperm competition
What are the results of female choice on male traits?
-male ornaments (exaggerated traits)
-male resource holding
What do females prefer exaggerated traits?
-they are 'costly' (handicaps)
-trait may be reflection of male quality
How do females benefit from choosing particular males?
-direct (non-genetic) benefits: better resources, increased parental investment
-Indirect (genetic) benefit: fitter offspring, more attractive offspring ('sexy sons')
How is the evolution of male coloration an example of stabilizing selection?
Female preference for bright male coloration opposes the cost/predation pressure that occurs due to natural selection