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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Why do frugivores have larger residuals than folivores?
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-Greater spatial and temporal variability in their food supply which demands greater memory capacity
-Smaller guts, so they can afford larger brains |
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What is the extractive foraging hypothesis?
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-Tool-mediated extraction of "embedded foods" selected for increased brain size
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How do human foragers live?
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Occupy an extreme feeding niche, eating the highest quality, most nutrient dense, and difficult to acquire plant and animal foods in their environment
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How is the value of a food source determined?
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-probability of finding it
-time required to find and harvest it -payoff if it is found -risk |
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What is the optimal foraging theory?
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Eat whatever maximizes the average rate of energy intake (calories)--determined by the energetic content of prey divided by (handling time+search time)
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What was the valuation system in the brain found in monkeys?
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Neurons in midbrain (VTA), ventral striatum, and orbitfrontal cortex (OFC) respond to food reward -- stop responding when satiated
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What is neuroeconomics?
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The study of how the brain assigns value to various decision options (EV=probability x magnitude)
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What did the studies on monkeys and food reveal?
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VTA neurons encode anticipated reward probability in monkeys AND expected value
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What is temporal discounting? Which regions of the brain encode information about it?
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Discounting the value of future rewards relative to present rewards
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Ventral striatum and medial orbitofrontal cortex
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What is operant conditioning?
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-trial and error learning
-learning to repeat behaviors that are rewarded and avoid those that are punished |
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