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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the benefits of group living?
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-predator defense
-foraging efficiency -resource defense -division of labor -facilitation of reproduction |
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How does group living help in predator defense?
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-dilution effect
-increased vigilance -group defense |
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How does group living lead to increased foraging efficiency?
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-Information sharing
-Territorial defense -Cooperative hunting |
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What are the costs to group living?
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-Increased competition (for food, mates)
-Predator attraction -Disease transmission |
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What are some criteria of sociality?
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-Number of animals that come together
-Length of time group remains together -Amount of time of social behavior -Division of labor/'roles' in the group -Generational overlap--parental care -Aid-giving/altruistic behavior |
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What can cooperative behavior be explained by?
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Mutualism
Altruism -- kin selection, reciprocity |
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What is inclusive fitness? examples?
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The sum of an individual's own fitness plus all its influence on the fitness of its relatives, where fitness is defined as the contribution to the next generation of one genotype relative to the contribution of other genotypes
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social insects, naked mole rats
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What are examples of altruism between relatives?
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-Honeybees: reproductive castes, defending hive by workers (female)
-Monkeys: agonistic aiding -Ground squirrels & prairie dogs: alarm calls, burrow defense -Jackals, scrub jays, marmosets: "helpers at nest" |
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What are kin selected behaviors in primates?
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-grooming
-agonistic aiding -group defense -allomothering -male emigration patterns -spatial cohesion -male cooperative hunting |
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What are some kin recognition mechanisms?
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-location (behavior varies relative to a certain place e.g. nest or burrow--esp. altricial species)
-association (when relatives predictably interact in unambiguous social contexts--ex. imprinting) -phenotype matching |
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What is an example of altruism between unrelated individuals?
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Vampire bats -- what Trivers would call "reciprocal altruism"
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