Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Why are displays so common and fights so rare?
|
The cost of fighting is higher than the cost of displaying
|
|
|
|
How do animals decide what kind of combat to engage in?
|
The value of the contested resource differs between opponents
|
|
|
|
What are the factors influencing territoriality?
|
1. Resource quality
2. Resource distribution in space and time 3. Competition for resources |
|
|
|
What are key aspects of lethal aggression in Chimpanzees?
|
-Outcome determined by size of 'party'
-Primarily involves males -Includes patrolling behavior along territorial borders -Involves stealth and surprise attacks on lone individuals -Involves annihilating opponents |
|
|
|
In what surprising contexts does competition lead to aggression?
|
-parental infanticide (birds)
-siblicide (birds, hyenas) -male aggression toward females |
|
|
|
What are some characteristics of dominance hierarchies and in which groups are they common?
|
-stability of ranks
-low aggression -xenophobia |
-birds and mammals
-some fish -social insects |
|
|
How do dominance hierarchies benefit (even low ranking) members?
|
-predictability
-reduced risk -priority of access -reproduction -group membership |
|
|
|
What did studies of social dominance in Old World Monkeys reveal?
|
-hierarchies within each sex
-well-armed males -social alliances -rank changes in males -female inheritance of rank |
|
|
|
What did the study on baboon female dominance and reproductive success show?
|
High ranking female baboons:
-have fewer miscarriages -wean infants sooner -have shorter interbirth intervals |
|
|
|
What are characteristics of 'dominance'?
|
-dominance ranks change through time
-dominance is not a heritable trait -dominance and reproductive success do not correlate |
|
|
|
What are aspects of male dominance competition? in Macaques?
|
-more violent than that of females usually
-drive by attempt to control scarce resources: female fertility -variation in male strategies partly determined by species-specific group structure in different primate groups |
-competition for dominance rank in multi-male groups
-competition for access to estrus females -pursuit of alternative strategies --> subverting male competition by appealing to female choice! |
|
|
What are the determinants of dominance in male baboons?
|
-Size & strength
-Aggressivity -Personality (impulse control, self-confident, undeterred by defeat) |
|
