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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is hippocampal volume related to anxiety disorder risk?
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A small hippocampal volume makes it more likely to develop an anxiety disorder
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Hyperactivation of this region is typically seen in patients with anxiety disorders
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Amygdala
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What class of drugs is benzodiazepines
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anxiolytics
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Describe the absorption and distribution of benzodiazepines
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Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration
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Name some benzodiazepines with a long half life
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Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (Klonipin) Lorazepam (Ativan) Triazolam (Halcion) |
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4 main clinical indications of benzodiazepines
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Anxiolytic (little tolerance to this)
Anti-Convulsants Muscle relaxation Sleep disorders |
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What action do Benzodiazepines have on the sleep cycle
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Reduces sleep latency, increases 2nd stage sleep but can suppress REM
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What kind of tolerance develops to BZDs
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tolerance to the sedative/hypnotic effects
anxiolytic effects are resistant to tolerance |
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Can benzodiazepines be used during pregnancy
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no, they are associated with cleft lip/palate
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What is flunitrazepam
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Roofies, schedule 1 no approved use
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How do benzodiazepines work
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Potentiate GABAergic activity but are not direct agonists at GABA receptors
must be GABA present and they enhance chloride currents |
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What converts glutamate to GABA
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glutamic acid decarboxylase
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Which GAbA receptor subunit is most abundant? Which is in the limbic system, cortex, and striatum? Which is in the brainstem reticular formation?
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Alpha 1- abundent
Alpha 2- limbic, cortex, striatum Alpha 3- brainstem |
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What is the activity of Zolpidem and Eszopiclone
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Binds BZD site on GABA a alpha 1 receptor, GABAergic but not related to BZP
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How do barbiturates work
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Bind to a barbiturate binding site of the GABAa receptor (different than BZP site)
Enhance chloride current by increasing duration of channel opening |
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What are common side effects of barbiturates
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Hypotension and Respiratory suppression
Drug hangover Dependence |
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How does buspirone work and what is it used for clinically
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Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant
5-HT partial agonist |
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What is an endocrine effect of dopamine
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inhibition of prolactin
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