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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a tonic-clonic seizure classified under
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Partial, secondary generalized it starts focal then jumps corpus callosum and goes contralateral
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What is the most important factor that limits the spread of seizure focus
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Afterhyperpolarization
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What is going on with neurotransmitters during the Tonic Phase
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GABAergic inhibition fails and glutamatergic excitation dominates
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What is going on with neurotransmitters during the Clonic phase
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GABAergic reappears and glutamatergic system diminishes
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Does an absence seizure have an aura?
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No. It begins suddenly
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An absence seizure may be related to the bursting property of thalamic relay and invovle
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T type calcium channel along with GABA and glutamate receptor
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Phenobarbital is effective in treating these types of seizures and not effective for
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Many types of seizure
Simple partial, Complex Partial, Secondary Generalized Not good for absence |
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How does phenobarbital work
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Binds GABAa receptor to potentiate activity
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Benzodiazepines have what mechanism
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allosteric potentiation of GABAa receptor
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Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice for treating
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status epilepticus and alcohol withdrawal seizures
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How does vigabatrin work
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irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T, the enzyme that breaks down GABA
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How does Tigabine work
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Inhibits reuptake of GABA
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Name common side effects of GABAergic drugs
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Headache, dizziness, confusion, sedation, ataxia, diplopia, rash
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Which two GABAergic drugs are generally the best tolerated
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Vigabatrin and Tigabine
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How does Phenytoin work and which seizures is it effective for
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Voltage gated sodium channel blocker
Both partial and generalized |
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How does Carbazepine work and which seizures is it good for treating
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Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers, effective both partial and generalized
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How does ethosuximide work
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Calcium channel blocker, reduces low threshold Ca currents
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Which drug is the first choice for an absence seizure
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Ethosuximide
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This AED has a multiple mechanism of action
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Valproate- boosts GABAergic and inhibits voltage gated channels
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In addition to typical AED side effects valproate can cause
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weight gain, hair loss
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How does Falbamate work? Which seizures can it treat and what are it's limitations
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Broad profile, inhibits voltage sodium and calcium and glutamate (NMDA) receptors
both partial and generalized can cause fatal aplastic anemia |
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Which seizures can Gabapentin and Pregabalin be used to treat
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Used as an adjunctive therapy for partial and secondary generalized seizure
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How do Gabapentin and Pregabalin work
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likely through an ineraction with the auxillary subunit of voltage gated calcium channel
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How does Lamotrigine work and which seizures can it be used to treat
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Broad profile, inhibits Na and Ca channels
Can be used partial and generalized in adults and children well tolerated |
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How does Topiramate work and which seizures is it effective against
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Broad profile inhibits Na and potentiates GABA, adult and pediatric for refractory partial seizures
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How does Tigabine work
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Inhibits GABA reuptake
used as add on therapy in patients with partial seizures |
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How does levetriacetam work and which seizures is it used to treat
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Unlike classical AEDs, used for refractive partial epilepsy
has a broad activity |
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How does oxycarbazine work and which seizures is it useful to treat
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Like a new carbamazepine, blocks Na channel
good for partial seizures |
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How does Zonisamide work and which seizures/ populations is it used to treat
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Broad profile, both Na and Ca channel
parial and generalized in adults and children |
