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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
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volkisch party
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rightwing, anti semetic, political party of the weimar republic. Ludendorf was leader. members of the banned NSDAP joined this party while hitler was in prison.
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Occupation of Ruhr
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weimar Germany could not pay reparations to Fr after ww1. The fr. army came into ruhr valley to take coal iron and steel industry. Stesseman put workers to strike so Fr couldent get resources.
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Enabling act
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Law passes by the reichstag in weimar Germany that enabled the government to make laws without the use of reichstag. separate from article 48, this was only to be used under extreme emergency. it was used to combat hyperinflation and by adolf hitler to take Dictorial powers after passing the reichstag fire decree.
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heil hitler salute
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used after hitler took pwer. this salute was used when greeting other Germans and within the SS. Many people turned their neighbors in to the SS for not using the salute. Was used as a means of conformity.
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Erich Ludendorf
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German army officer in WW1 who helped Hitler with the beer hall putsch but was aquitted. He was elected to the reichstag with the Volkisch party. He ran against Hindenburg for the presidency in 1925 but lost.
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Hitler Myth
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concept that embodies 2 points in Nazi ideology; Hitler is a demigod figure who embodies and shapes the German people thus giving them the mandate to rule. it also presents hitler as a defender of the people
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Gleichschaltung
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means coordination, this is the process by which Hitler and the Nazis established control over all aspects of government and life. To accomplish this , the nazis worked to eliminate individualism and to control the state with police force.
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reich labor service
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Instituion in nazi germany to combat unemployment.Members provided service for civic, Military, and agricultural service projects. Had two sections, one for men, one for women.
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Gregor strasser
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politician and one of the leaders in the nazi party. he was in charge of berlin and northern germany in nazi organizaton. he was offered the vice chancellorship by schleicher but hitler said no. he was murdered in the night of the long knives.
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strength through joy
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state controlled leisure organization in nazi germany. set up to promote the advantages of national socialism. it offered leisure trips while on paid leave from work. said that all workers should be provided with a volkswagen. regulated payment.
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reichsbanner
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republican defense force set up in the weimar Germany in 1924. many members of the SPD were in it. It made demonstrations and propaganda for the people to celebrate the foundation of the new Republic. Became the largest paramilitary group in the weimar republic. banned by hitler in 1933
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houston chamberlain
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wrote the foundations of the nineteenth century which became which became one reference to the pan germanic movement and of nazi racial ideology. Hitler used his writing as a basis for his idea of aryan superiority. the book was antisemetic.
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German labor front
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nazi trade union organization that replaced the many trade organizations that had been around before 1933. used to control workers and regulate wages. Robert ley was the leader.
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Decree for the protection of people and state
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also known as the reichstag fire decree. issued by hindenburg as a response to the reichstag fire. this decree nullified basic civil liberties of the German people. Nazis used it to put away opponents of Nazism
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kurt von scleicher
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German general and last chancellor of weimar germany before hitler. He invited the more left wing strasser to be weiman vice chancellor which hitler refused. he was assassinated on the night of long knives. ousted from the chancellorship by hitler
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the peoples court
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court established by hitler. it was outside the constitutions jurisdiction. established after the reichstag fire to punish those accused of treason against the third reich.
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article 231
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in the treaty of versailles, this clause held germany for all actions of the first world war. it also stated that she would have to pay reparations to cover the damages. this part of the treaty hitler spoke against to gain support.
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aryan clause
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set up by the protestant churches reforming the church. it stated that only aryans could join there church. even baptized jews were excluded.
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july 1932 elections
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these elections saw the ndsap become the largest party in the reichstag although they failed to gain a majority. they garnered 37 percent of the vote
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common interest before self interes
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24th point in hitlers 25 points, this called for people to work in a collective mindframe. hitler stated that this was the only way for germany to have permanent health.
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polycratic nazi state
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school of historians that argue, with the fundamentalist perspective that nazi germany was chaos, since hitler was a weak leader who used the times to come to power.
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intentionalism
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states that hitler was in fact a strong leader and points to his personal characteristics as to the reason why he was able to control all of germany.
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Kurt Eisener
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German politician and journalist. he organized a socialist revolution that overthrew the Bavarian monarchy. declared Bavaria a free state and republic
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German workers party
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the party hitler joined an then transformed into the nsdap. founded in munich by drexler. Hitler was ordered to spy on it and joinedin as memeber 555.changed name to nsdap and took over.
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freikorps
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paramilitary organizations that sprang up after german defeat in ww1. these people had served in the army but had to returned to civilian life so used by gov to suppress marxist revolutionaries. members of the NSDAP including Rohm were part of the freikorps.
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fuerhherpinzip
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nazi hierarchy system. each group had its own fuhrer, with all of them answereing to hitler. each fuhrer had full control over their area.
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alfred hugenberg
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german politicain and head of the DNVP. he allied with hitler in order to form a coalition that had a majority in the reichstag. he was a member of hitlers first first cabinet . gave the nazi party credibility by siding with them on the young plan.
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law for the resoration of the professional civil service
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reestablishes the german civil service and allowed tenured agents to be dismissed. Jews and opponents of the Nazis were fired. first anti semetic law in germany since 1871.
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hitlers trial
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hitler went to trial after the beer hall putsch. the judge was already gonna let him off easy. hitler used this to gain popular support as he criticized weimar and versailles. only went to jail for 9 months
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public reaction to night of long knives
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hindenburg and the army praised Hitler and the SS for their work. public reactions was mixed, as some felt skeptical but others felt they trusted hitler enough and he was above the law
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stresmann
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a chancellor and foreign minister in weimar. helped orchestrate the dawes plan. also signed the kellogg brand pact that said germany wouldn't use force to resolve international conflicts. this helped Germany reestablish credibility.
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Volksgeminschaft
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nazi term for peoples community. nazis tried to estbalish a national community of unified mind, will and spirit. they tried to gain control of all aspects of social and cultural life. class struggle was condemned
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red front
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paramilitary organization of KDP was banned in 1932
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alsace Lorraine
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disputed territory between france and germany. germany annexed it after franco prussian war. versailles treaty gave it back to france. annexed by germany in 1940, then given back to france in 1945.
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hunger chancellor
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Heinrich Bruning, chancellor of germany. he was chancellor during great depression and raised taxes much to displeasure of people
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Nuremberg party rallies
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from 1923 to 1938, these were huge rallies to increase the support for the nazi party. held at nuremburg where the war crimes trail later took place.
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marburg speech
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given by former chancellor papen, last public speech against nazism. called for end to nazi terror and called for 2nd revolution. the speech writer was killed in night of long knives.
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pledge of legality
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after the unsuccessful beer hall putsch and imprisonment, hitler made a pledge of legality promising to overthrow the weimar republic using const means. he carried this throughout his campaign and succeded
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the dawes plan
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plan that called for a sliding sclae of payment for german reparations from ww1. replaced by young plan. the dawes plan had US give loans to Germany.
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franz von papen
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chancellor of germany. helped hitler gain power by convincing hindenburg to extend power of hitler. papen felt he could control hitler. took out schleicher.
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catholic center party
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party formed by catholics and had a moderate ideological stance. helped give hitler and the nazis a majority coalition in exchange for hitlers promise to not interfere with the churhc. disbanded in 1933 .
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frederich ebert.
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1st presidnet of weimar germany. he desereved a return to monachy and reluctantly took up the position. member of SPD who encouraged others to go to wat in 1914
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article 48
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weimar article that gives the chancellor power of emergency decree, so he doesn't have to go through reichstag. used by hitler to establish dicatorship and end weimar republic.
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gustav nokse
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1st defense minister of weimar republic. put down communist anf left wing uprisings by employing the freikorps.
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rosa luxembourg
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Jewish marxist theorist. she co founded the revolutionary sparticist league which became the KDP. she was killed for this revolt.
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reorganization of NSDAP
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after Hitler was released from prison, he decided that the nazis shouldent work with other parties. he also established a country wide network of nazis with different leaders in different cities
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locarno pact
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agreements where allied powers sought to secure the borders of Europe afer war. Germany was present, different from versailles treaty. split up europe east and west.
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saturation campaigning
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method employed by nazis where they campaign to voters they know the have excessively. this was used to ensure that they garnered the votes they counted on. used propaganda posters speeches
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pan germanism
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theory that all german speaking peoples of europe should ban together. popularized by chamberlain in his book. this also furthered the aryan supremacy belief and that jews were inferior.
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kapp putsch
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1920 revolt to overthrow weimar. kapp and luttwitzt tried to take over germany by using the support of workers. weimar put the workers on strike so kapp had no one to appeal to. noske had the army suppress the putsch
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ebert groener pact
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agreement between chancellor of germany and the leader of the army. army was given a free pass in dealing with communist in Germany. the agreement birthed the freikorps.
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parliamentary paralysis 1930
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bruing essentially ended democracy in 1930 as the depression deepend.he used article 48 to govern without the consent of the reichstag.
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book burning
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leaders of nazism tried to burn all literature that did not correspond with nazi ideology. spearheaded by students.
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beer hall putsch
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hitlers failed attempt to overthwo the weimar republic. ludendorf helped hitler. hitler was arrested and tried for treason received 9 months.
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young plan
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replaced the dawes plan as a way for germnay to pay reparations. reduced reparations germany had to pay. international bank was created to oversee transactions.
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sparticist league.
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left wing marxist revolutionary movement in Germany. operated in the german revoltuion of 1918 where it tried to make a revolution similar to one in russia. became communist party in Ger
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degenerate art
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nazi term for all modern art. art was banned because it was un german and pro jewish.
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night of the long knives
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nazi purge of SA leaders to curb their power. hitler feared that SA power would grow to great. Rohm had wanted to join with the army. the army resented this and hitler needed their support so he ordered execution of SA leaders in 1934
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nazi program
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25 points proposed by hitler that formed the basis of the NSDAP. among other this renounced weimar, versailles, and called for people to work for common good over self good.
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kaiser wilhelm
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king of prussia and first leader of unified germany. with prime minister bismark, he unified germany. established the german empire.
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peoples naval division
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the peoples navy was the name of the naval forces in the german democratic republic
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reichstag fire
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1933. parliament building was set on fire . it debated who did it, either hitler or the communists. hitler said communiss were planning revlot. hitler urged hindenburg to issue a decree that enabled hitler to arrest the members of the KDP.
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