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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmacognosy
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The study of chemicals taken from NATURAL sources to be used as drugs or in the preparation of drugs.
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Pharmacy
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The branch of pharmacology that deals with preparation, dispensing and proper use of medications.
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Posology
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The study of DOSAGES of medicine
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Pharmacodynamics
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The study of the action/effects of medication on living things.
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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The study of the USES of medications in the TREATMENT OF DISEASE.
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Toxicology
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The study of poisons.
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Therapeutics
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The science of treating disease.
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Dose
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The amount of medication to be administered.
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Dosage Range
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Range between minimum and maximum amounts to produce the desired effect.
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Minimum Dose
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The LEAST amount of medication required to produce a therapeutic effect.
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Maximum Dose
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The LARGEST amount of medication that can be given without reaching the toxic effect.
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Toxic Dose
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The least amount of medication that will produce symptoms of poisoning.
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Therapeutic Dose
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The amount needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
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Per Therapetuic Dose, what is the average adult male?
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24 years old
150 pounds |
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Minimal Lethal Dose
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The least amount of medication that can kill someone.
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What are the two factors that affect dosage?
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Age and Weight
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How does sex influence dosage?
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Females usually require smaller doeses.
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How does race influence dosage?
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Black individuals usually require larger doses.
Asians require smaller doses than Caucasians. |
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How does Occupation influence dosage?
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People working strenuous jobs may require larger doses than those who sit at desks.
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How does Habitual use influence dosage?
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People who take medications continuously may have built up a tolerance and require larger doses than regular.
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How does the time of administration influence dosage?
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Therapeutic effect may change depending upon time.
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How does frequency influence dosage?
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Medications given often may need smaller dose than administered at longer intervals.
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How does the mode of administration influence dosage?
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Parenteral may require smaller doses than oral meds.
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What are the two methods of administering medications?
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Oral (Enteral) and injection (Parenteral).
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What are some advantages of taking meds orally?
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Oral meds are convenient, cheaper, do not have to be pure (sterile) and have a wide variety available.
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What are some disadvantages of taking meds orally?
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May be hard for some patients to swallow, it's slow, may be damaged by the digestive system.
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What is sublingual med admin?
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Under the tongue.
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What is the advantage of sublingual and buccal med admin?
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Fast absorption DIRECTLY into blood stream.
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What is buccal med admin?
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Between the cheek and gums.
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Describe Parenteral med admin
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Introduced by injection.
Meds must be pure, sterile, pyrogen-free, and in a liquid state. |
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How many times should be examined how often and when?
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3 times, upon receipt, storage, and upon use.
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All solutions should be ___ and ____ ____.
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Inverted and gently swirled.
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What are some reasons that parenteral solutions be unfit for use?
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Deterioration, accidental contamination, and defects / kinks in containers or seals.
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What are the different methods of parenteral med admin?
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Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intramuscular and Intravenous.
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Subcutaneous
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Injection just below the skin's cutaneous layers.
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Intradermal
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Injection into the dermis.
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Intramuscular
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Injection into the muscle.
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What advantages does Intravenous admin have over the other routes?
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- Most rapid onset of action
- Directly into the blood stream - Patients who may not be able to take oral meds - Meds are not suitable for oral admin |
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What are some dangers and disadvantages of intravenous admin?
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- Difficult to stop once introduced
- Risk of infection due to skin puncture - Pain due to injection - Meds must be sterile |
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What is Intrathecal or Intraspinal med admin?
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Into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column.
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Inhalation
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Introducing meds via respiratory system via gas, vapor or powder.
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What are the three major types of Inhalation admin?
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- Vaporization
- Gas Inhalation - Nebulization |
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Describe Vaporization
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The process of changing a med from liquid or solid to a gas or vapor via heat.
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Describe Gas Inhalation
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Almost entirely restricted to anesthesia.
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Describe Nebulization
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The process of converting meds into a fine spray via compressed gas.
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Describe Topical medications
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Applied to surface area of the body.
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What is the purpose of Topical meds?
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To produce a local effect and a systemic effect.
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Why would you admin meds Rectally?
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When there is dangor of vomitting or when the patient is unconscious, uncooperative, or mentally incapable.
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What is the definition of a Medication?
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Any chemical substance that has an effect on living tissue BUT is NOT used as food.
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What are the three medication classifications?
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- General
- Chemical - Therapeutic |
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What are the three medication names?
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- Chemical
- Generic - Brand |
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6 Patient Rights
(Man! Pharmacy Really Does Take Dedication!) |
- Right Patient
- Right Medication - Right Dose - Right Route - Right Time - Right Documentation |
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Astringents
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Cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes.
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Emollients
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Bland or fatty substances that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft.
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Expectorant
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BRONCHOMUCOTROPIC (bronco-muco-tropic) agent.
Assist in the removal of secretions from the trachea, bronchi, or lungs. (Treatment for coughs) EXAMPLE: guaifenesin (robitussin) |
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Antitussive
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Inhibit or suppress the act of coughing.
EXAMPLE: guaifenesin + dextromethorphan (robitussin DM) |
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Nasal Decongestant
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Reduces congestion and swelling of mucous membrances.
Relieves nasal congestion. EXAMPLE: Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Often combined with antihistamines, antitussives and expectorants to relieve symptoms of colds/allergies/sinusitis. |
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Antihistamine
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Used to counteract the physical symptoms caused by histamines (allergy).
EXAMPLE: Diphenhydramine (benedryl) Loratadine (claritan) |
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Oxytocic
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Drugs used to induce LABOR.
EXAMPLE: Oxytocin (Pitocin) |
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Elixir
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AROMATIC and SWEETENED solution containing medicinal substances. (containes alcohol)
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Ointment
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Semi-Solid, Fatty, Oily preparation's of medicinal substances.
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Diuretic
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Agents that increase the rate of urine formation.
EXAMPLE: Hydrochlorothiazide (Oretic) Furosemide (Lasix) |
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What is the drug of choice for Petit Mal epilepsy?
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Phenobarbital (Luminal)
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What is the drug of choice for Grand Mal seizure?
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Phenytoin Sodium (Dilantin)
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Codeine Sulfate
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- For moderate to severe pain and as an antitussive.
- Like morphine but has "1/6 ANALGESIC POWER & 1/4 RESPIRATORY DEPRESSANT". |
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Digoxin
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Direct effect on the myocardium.
Used for all degrees of Congestive Heart FAilure and various Arrhythmias. |
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What are the universally designated capsule sizes?
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5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 00, 000
the lower the bigger |
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What drug treats motion sickness?
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Meclizine (Antivert)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) |
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What medication is suited for almost every ophthalmic procedure?
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Proparacaine
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What is the BIGGEST factor when it comes to dose?
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AGE
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What is known as the "Blue Bible" of pharmacology?
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Remington's Science and Practice of Pharmacy
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What vitamins are fat soluble?
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A D E K
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What is the Poly-Prescription?
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NAVMED 6710/6
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NAVMED 6710/1
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Narcotic and Controlled Drug Account
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What is the single prescription form?
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DD 1289
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What chapter is Pharmacy in the P-117 ManMed?
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Chapter 21
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Sulfonamides
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- First antimicrobial drug
- Effective against gram positive and negative organism's - Synthetically produced |
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Penicillins
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- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Least toxic of the 4 antibiotics |
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Cephalosporins
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- FUNGAL origin
- Structurally similar to PCN - Divided into 3 generations |
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What are the 3 generations of Cephalosporin?
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1st - Cefazolin
2nd - Mefoxin 3rd - Claforan |
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Tetcracycline
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- Blocks formation of polypeptides used in protein synthesis
- First true broad spectrum antibiotic - Used to treat acne - May stain teeth - Depresses bone marrow growth |
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What is the difference between Antiseptics and Germicides?
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Antiseptics suppresses growth, Germicides kill.
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