Nature Of Science And Matter Notes

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 2

Chemistry

Back 2

The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

Front 3

True, all living and none living things are made of matter

Back 3

True false, chemistry affects all aspects of life

Front 4

Helping you understand how the natural world works, prepares people for career opportunities, and produces informed citizens

Back 4

How can chemistry be useful

Front 5

Scientific method

Back 5

Logical and systematic approach to problem solving

Front 6

1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions

Back 6

What is the order of the scientific method

Front 7

Independent variable

Back 7

A variable that you can change during an experiment

Front 8

Dependent variable

Back 8

A variable that is observed during an experiment

Front 9

True

Back 9

True or false, for the results of an experiment to be accepted the experiment must produce the same result no matter how many times it is repeated or by whom

Front 10

Scientific theory

Back 10

A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations. For example, atomic theory

Front 11

Scientific law

Back 11

Concise statement that summarized the results of many observations and experiments, for example, gas laws

Front 12

No

Back 12

Does the scientific method have to occur in the same order every single time

Front 13

Mass

Back 13

Measure of the amount of matter that an object contains

Front 14

Volume

Back 14

Measure of the space occupied by the object

Front 15

Solid

Back 15

Definite shape, definite volume, not easily compressed. Does not take the shape of the container. Particles packed tightly together, and often an orderly arrangement. Almost incompressible. Expands only slightly when heated.

Front 16

Liquid

Back 16

Indefinite shape, definite volume, not easily compressed. takes the shape of the container in which it is placed. Particles in close contact, but arrangement of particles is not orderly, can flow past each other. Almost incompressible. Expand slightly when heated.

Front 17

Gas

Back 17

Indefinite shape, and definite volume, easily compressed. Takes the shape of the container in which it is placed. Can expand to fill any volume. Particles are much farther apart. Easily compressed into a smaller volume.

Front 18

Properties

Back 18

What you observed when you examine a sample of matter is its ________.

Front 19

Extensive property

Back 19

A property that depends on the amount in a sample (counting) for example, mass, volume, wait, length

Front 20

Intensive properties

Back 20

A property that depends on the chemical nature of a sample (prefix in means within) for example hardness, color, odor, luster, conductivity, malleability, ductility, freezing point, boiling point melting point, density

Front 21

Pure substance

Back 21

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Either an element or a compound. Will not easily separate. Rarely found in nature. Fixed proportions to each other. For example diamond, copper, water, sugar, gold, nitrogen.

Front 22

Element

Back 22

Simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances. For example, hydrogen, and nitrogen, oxygen

Front 23

Compound

Back 23

Pure substance that contains two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion. can be broken down into elements by chemical means. Sugar (C12 h22 011), salt (NaCi), water (H2O)

Front 24

A chemical change

Back 24

What is required to break down compounds into smaller substances

Front 25

Mixture

Back 25

A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Do not exist and fix proportions to each other. Components are not chemical reacting with each other. Can you usually be separated back into its original components. For example, concrete, soil, gasoline, saltwater, atmosphere, fruit salad, coke, milk

Front 26

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

Back 26

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout. Consist of a single phase. Looks the same throughout, cannot see the parts separately. For example, stainless steel, air, vinegar, olive oil

Front 27

Heterogeneous mixture

Back 27

And make sure it was the composition is not uniform throughout. Consist of a two or more phases. Can see pieces / parts of the mixture. for example, chicken soup, rice krispie treats, oil and vinegar mix, salad dressing.

Front 28

Phase

Back 28

any part of a sample that has a uniform composition and properties.

Front 29

Separate

Back 29

Differences in physical properties can be used to _______ mixtures

Front 30

Filtration

Back 30

Process that separates a solid from a liquid period for example coffee filters and draining pasta.

Front 31

Evaporation

Back 31

Process of heating mixture to drive off liquid and make sure and have only solid left

Front 32

Distillation

Back 32

Process of boiling a liquid to produce a vapor and then condensing the vapor into a liquid. For example, separating water from other substances in the water

Front 33

Physical properties

Back 33

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition. For example appearance, color, conductivity, density, boiling point, hardiness, texture, order, malleability, melting point.

Front 34

Chemical property

Back 34

Ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. These can only be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change. For example gasoline - - Burns in air, iron -- rusts, table salt-- does not react with vinegar

Front 35

Physical change

Back 35

Some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. For example changes of state such as boiling water, condensation, boil, freeze, milk, condense. Or physical deformation such as cutting, denting, stretching, breaking, crushing.

Front 36

Chemical change

Back 36

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter. For example, burning, rotting, resting, decomposing, fermenting, exploding, corroding.

Front 37

Transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of a gas, the formation of a precipitate, bubbles appearing, change in temp, light or sound, some of the original reactant is missing.

Back 37

What are the clues of a chemical change

Front 38

You have to test the composition of a sample before and after the change

Back 38

What is the only way to be sure a chemical change has occurred?

Front 39

Precipitate

Back 39

Solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture. For example a ring of soap scum in your bathtub.