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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a mass of metal cast into a convenient shape for storage or transportation before further processing
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ingot
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a piece of metal ready to be drawn, pressed, or machined into a finishe object
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blank
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a bar of steel reduced from an ingot to dimensions suitable for further roling
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bloom
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a narrow, generally square bar of steel, forged or hot-rolled from an ingot or bloom
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billet
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a malleable, ductile, magnetic, silver-white metallic element from which steel is made
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iron
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any of various iron-based alloys having a carbon content less than that of cast iron and mor than that of wrought iron, and having qualities of strength, hardness and elasticity varying according to composition and heat treatment
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steel
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the gradual deterioration of metal by chemical action, as when exposed to weather, moisture, or other corroding agents
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corrosion
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to coat a metal, especially aluminum or magnesium, with a hard, non-corrosive film by electrolytic or chemical action
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anodize
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to coat or plate a metal surface with a compoud of chromium (chromeplate)
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chrome
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to coat metal, especially iron or steel, with zinc
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galvanize
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steel that is hot rolled or cold formed in a variety of standard shapes and fabricated for use as load-bearing members or elements
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structural steel
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a lustrous, low melting, blush-white metallic element that is malleable and ductile at ordingary temperatures and used in plating and in making alloys and soft solders
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tin
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a broad ridge or pair of ridges projecting at a right angle from the edge of a structural shape in order to strengthen or stiffen it
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flange
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an integral part of a beam that forms a flat, rigid connection between two broader, parallel parts, as the flanges of a structural shape
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web
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holding together or uniting two or more parts or members, as by clamping with a mechanical fastener, by bonding with an adhesive, or by welding or soldering
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fastening
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a straight, slender piece of metal having one end pointed at the other enlarged and flattened for hammering into wood or other building materials as a fastener
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nail
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a metal fastener having a tabpered, helically threaded shank and slotted head, designed to be drieven into wood by turning as with a screwdriver
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screw
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a threaded metal pin or rod usually having a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holds in assembled parts and secured by a mating nut
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bolt
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work done at a site in preparation for a construction project, as excavation, sheeting, shoring, and grading
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sitework
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the digging and removal or earth from its natural position, or the cavity resulting from such removal
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excavation
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a rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial, compressive loads applied at the member ends
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column
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a rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements
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beam
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a curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression
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arch
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an arched structure of slone or reinforces concrete, forming a ceiling or roof over a hall, room or other wholly or partially enclosed space
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vault
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a vaulted structure having a circular plan and usually the form or a portion of a sphere, so constructed as to exert an equal thrust in all directions
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dome
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the gradual subsiding of a structure as the soil beneath its foundation consolidates under loading
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settlement
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the part of a foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frost line and enlarged to distribute their loads over a greater area
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footing
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to raise an existing grade with earth, stone, or other material, or the quantitiy of material used in building up the level on an area
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fill
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the cutting, filling, and shaping or earth in preparation for finish grading
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rough grading
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the precise grading of an area after rough grading to prepare for paving, seeding or planting
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fine grading
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an excavating operation in which the excavated material is moved to another location and used as fill
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cut and fill
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the ground elevation at any specific point on a construction site, especially where the ground meets the foundation of a building
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grade
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the elevation of the original ground surface before excavation or grading begins
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existing grade
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the elevation of drives, walks, lawns or other impreved surfaces after completion or construction or grading operations
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finish grade
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designed and constructed to support and transmit applied gravity and lateral loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in its members, consisting of the columns, beams, load-bearing walls, foundation
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structural system
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the shell or envelope of a building, consisting of the roof, exterior walls, windows, and doors
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enclosure system
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water supply, sweage disposal, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, electrical system, vertical transportation, fire fighting system
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mechanical system
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the vertical extension of a building or other construction above the foundation
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superstructure
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the exterior framework or walls and roof of a building
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shell
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the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building
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substructure
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a room or space directly under the roof of a building
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attic
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an area in a building having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling, especially such a space below the first floor that is enclosed by foundation walls
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crawl space
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a room or set of rooms, for the storage of food, fuel or the like, wholly or partly underground and usually beaneath a building
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cellar
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a usable living space withing a sloping roof, usually having dormer windows for lighting
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half story
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a continuous supporting surface extending horizontaly throughout a building, having a number of rooms and constituting one level in the structure
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floor
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a low or partial stor between tow main stories of a building, especially one that project as a balcony and forms a compostion with the story beneath it
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mezzanine
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a story of a building that is wholly or partly below ground level
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basement
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an upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support of standing alone as a monument
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pillar
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a stiff vertical support, a wood column in timber framing
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post
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the extent of space between two supports of a structure
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span
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the distance between the inner faces of the supports of a span
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clear span
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wholly or partly below grade, require a continuous foundation wall to hold back the surrounding earth and support the exterior walls and columns of the superstructure above
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basement
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enclosed by a continuous foundation wall or piers to provide space under a first floor for the integration of and access to mechanical, electrical and plumbing installations
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crawl spaces
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supported directly by the earth and thickened to carry wall and coulmn loads; form an economical foundation and floor system for one and two story structures in climates where little or no ground frost occurs
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concrete slabs-on-grade
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structured in a grid form to elevate the superstructure above the surface of the ground
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piers
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used when stable soil of adequate bearing capacity occurs relatively near the ground surface; they are placed directly below the lowest part of a substructure and transfer building loads directly to the supporting soild by vertical pressure
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shallow foundations
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used when the soil under a foundation is unstable or of inadequate bearing capacity; they extend down through the unsuitable soil to transfer the building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum of rock or dense sands and gravels well below the superstructure
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deep foundations
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