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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much water is available to humans?
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2.5% is fresh water
.77% accessible 1.73 locked in ice |
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How is water distributed among different human activities?
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70% agriculture
20% industry 10% domestic |
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Efficiency
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useful work / total energy input x 100%
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How much does the US consume annually?
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40.67 QBTU
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What is the major energy supply of the US?
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51% is coal
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How is the energy consumption distributed among different end-use sectors?
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Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Transportation
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Major energy sources for generating electricity in the US
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Coal, Nuclear, Natural Gas, Renewable Energy
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Oil
Formation: Advantages: Disadvantages: |
Breaking down of large organic molecules to shorter ones.
-easily transported, well developed -pollutes, encourages waste |
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Natural Gas
Formation: Advantages: Disadvantages: |
Molecular breakdowns produce methane
-generates least amount of pollution in comparison,Low CO2 emissions, more plentiful than oil -methane can leak from pipes, still realeases CO2, difficult to transport thru countries |
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Coal
Formation: Advantages: Disadvantages: |
highly compressed organic matter
-very plentiful, low cost -dirty, highest CO2 emissions, threat to human health |
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Nuclear Energy
Advantages: Disadvantages: |
-No Carbon Emissions or Air Pollution
-Nonrenewable, Nuclear waste is expensive to place |
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Solar Energy
Advantages: Disadvantages: |
-Non polluting, free, perpetual
-expensive |
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Solar Energy efficiency
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56,000 QBTU's of sunlight only use .06 QBTU's
not cost effective |
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Primary Pollutants
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are directly emitted into the atmosphere from natural processes and human activities. examples soot, carbon monoxied
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Secondary Pollutants
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are formed when some primary pollutants undergo further reactions in the atmosphere and produce additional undesirable compounds. ex. ozone and acid rain
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Industrial Smog
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directly emitted into the air,
-coal combustion -combustion is SOOT and SO2 and moisture |
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Photochemical smog
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not directly emitted into the air,
-VOCs + NOx in the presence of sun o3 + PAN |
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Factors that affect the level of air pollution
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1.) the amount of pollutants entering the air
2.)The amount of space into which the pollutants are dispersed 3.) Mechanism of removal |
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Clean Air Act
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very successful, placed strict limits on pollutant emissions from factories etc
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Acid Rain
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acidic precipitation with a pH of 5.5 or less
So2+NOx with H2O and Ozone product H2SO4 and HNO3 |
