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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What safety concern does ginkgo biloba have? |
Increase bleeding risk with NSAIDs, antiplatelets, anticoagulants with no effect on INR |
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What other natural products increase bleeding risk? |
bromelains danshen dong quai vitamin E high doses of fish oils garlic ginseng glucosamine grapefruit policosanol willow bark evening primrose oil |
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What does St. John's wort induce? |
3A4 >> 2C9 > 1A2 |
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What does St. John's wort cause that is a concern? |
photosensitivity serotonergic avoid in seizure history |
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Natural products that are hepatotoxic? |
Chaparral Comfrey Kava |
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Vitamin A |
retinol |
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Vitamin B1 |
thiamine |
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Vitamin B12 |
cobalamin |
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Vitamin B2 |
riboflavin |
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vitamin B3 |
niacin |
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vitamin B6 |
pyridoxine |
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vitamin B9 |
folic acid |
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vitamin C |
ascorbic acid |
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Valerian |
anxiety sleep |
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lemon balm |
anxietyg |
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lutamine |
anxiety |
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passion flower |
anxiety
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hops |
anxiety |
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chamomile
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anxiety sleep GI distress IBD |
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theanine |
anxiety |
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skullcap |
anxiety |
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kava |
anxiety sleep -- hepatotoxic -- shouldn't be recommended |
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St. john's wort |
sleep (if insomnia due to depression) |
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fish oil |
ADHD cholesterol cancer depression inflammation migraine/headache |
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primrose oil |
ADHD menopausal sx osteoporosis |
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lysine |
canker sores (aphthous ulcers) |
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calcium |
colon cancer |
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lycopene (in cooked tomatoes) |
prostate cancer BPH (not effective) |
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vit A |
cancer |
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vit D |
cancer |
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soy |
cancer osteoporosis |
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garlic |
cancer colds/flu heart health/failure -- mild decrease in BP, may lower drug levels |
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green tea |
cancer lower DM risk |
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beta-carotene |
cancer |
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red yeast rice |
cholesterol minotr -- may contain small amounts of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor |
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SAMe |
depression don't use with MAOi osteoarthritis |
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echinacea |
coldsflu can cause heartburn, allergic reactions |
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elderberry |
colds/flu |
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vit C |
colds/flu |
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zinc |
colds/flu caution for loss of smell (possibly permanent) with zinc nasal sprays/swabs |
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huperzine A |
dementia/memory |
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acetyl-l-carnitine |
dementia/memory diabetes (neuropathy) |
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vit E |
dementia/memory |
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gymnema |
diabetes |
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chromium |
diabetes |
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alpha lipoic acid |
diabetes |
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cinnamon |
diabetes |
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bitter orange |
energy/weight loss (caution... similar to ephedra, CVD risk) |
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guarana |
(caffeine, caution with excessive intake) migraine/headache |
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cranberry caution |
UTI (caution on risk of kidney stones) |
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peppermint oil |
GI distress antispasmodic for IBD |
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cascara |
IBD |
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psyllium |
diarrhea |
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How many hours should probiotics be taken before or after antibiotics? |
2 hours |
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Arginine |
heart health/heart failure don't use with BP meds -- additive effect |
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Grape seed extract |
antioxidant --> atherosclerosis |
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hawthorne |
additive effects with other drugs -- can cause hypotension, dizziness with beta blockers, digoxin, CCB, nitrates, PDE5-is |
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willow bark |
salicylate --> inflammation migraine/headache |
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milk thistle |
liver |
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black cohosh |
menopausal sx (reports of hepatotoxicity) osteoporosis |
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dong quai |
menopausal sx |
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red clover |
menopausal sx |
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feverfew |
migraine/headache |
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magnesium |
migraine/headache |
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riboflavin |
migraine/headache |
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co Q10 |
migraine/headache |
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flax seed |
osteoporosis |
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glucosamine |
osteoarthritis (may raise INR) |
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saw palmetto |
BPH, but "possibly ineffective"
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pygeum |
BPH |
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beta-sitosterol |
BPH |
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African wild potato extract |
BPH |
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pumpkin seed |
BPH |
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rye grass pollen |
BPH |
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What can thiamine (B1) insufficiency cause? |
Wernicke's encephalopathy (ataxia, tremor, vision changes) |
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How much folic acid should be taken in women planning to conceieve or women of child-bearing age? |
400-800 mcg/day |
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When does folic acid have to be taken? |
at least 1 month before pregnancy |
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Where can you find folic acid? |
fortified cereals (some aren't healthy) dried beans leafy green vegetables orange juice |
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How much vitamin E is too much? What does this cause? |
150 IU daily (many healthy foods have it...) --> can cause CVD risk |
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What do breastfed inants or babies drinking less than 1 L of baby formula need? |
400 IU of vit D daily (or can use Poly-Vi-Sol) |
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When should older children take vitamin D supplements? |
If they do not drink at least 4 cups of Vit D fortified milk |
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When is iron needed for babies 4-6 mo and how much? |
breast-fed babies need 1 mg/kg/day from 4-6 months old and until consuming iron-rich foods baby formulas contain adequate iron |
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How much iron is needed for 6-12 mo? |
11 mg/day of iron food sources preferred |
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How much iron is needed for 1-3 yo? |
7 mg/day food sources preferred |
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How should Oscal be administered? |
absorbs better in acidic environment, so take with food |
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What calcium supplement can be taken with or without food? |
Citracal |
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How much calcium should a 65yo woman take? |
1,200 mg daily |
