Native American Studies 4/11 Day 13

Front 1

Information on Brazil (Amazon)

Back 1

1/10 nown species on earth

1.4 billion acres of forest

4100 miles of rivers

- 16% of fresh water discharge into ocean
rainforest as a carbon sink

- co2 converted to oxygen photosynthesis
- fewer forest → less photosynthesis → more co2

Front 2

Indigenous people of the amazon

Back 2

Amazon rainforest is home to indigenous peoples

Still many unconctacted groups who have not had significant direct contact with outside world

In brazil, 67 voluntary isolated groups according to a 2007 report by Brazil

Front 3

A brief history of the Brazilian Amazon 1-3

Back 3

- Hinterlands of the country until late 19th century

- Rubber tapping boom in 1890’s but then eventually went back to normal

- 1964 military coup and military dictatorship until 1985 (centralized

Front 4

A brief history of the Brazilian Amazon 4-6

Back 4

- amazon focus of modernization and development projects

- cattle industry encouraged

- small scale farmers move in (open up amazon to subsistence farming)

Front 5

What is leading to destruction of amazon

Back 5

Since 1960’s 17% has been cut down

- cattle ranches is a major contributor

- small scale agriculture

Front 6

Effects on indigenous people

Back 6

- indigenous cultures considered outdated and need improvement

- territories are considered wilderness and unused

Front 7

Yanomami and development

Back 7

In brazil and Venezuela

Gold Rush of 1987-1990

Rapid deforestation

Study of four yanomami villages reported in Goodwin and gomez (health study found that malaria (mysquito) was being given to yanomami through breeding grounds being caused by development) 10% of pop developed malaria, and after development it raised to 60%

Front 8

Other diseases and issues of yanomami

Back 8

incidence of anemia

- 1984 to 1985 10% and after 95 it was 75%

Increased death rate

- Went from 12 to 36 deaths from 84 to 89

Front 9

Command and control

Back 9

An approach to development and conservation
- highly centralized decision making with little input from local communities

conservation excludes anthropogenic disturbance

if you live in a protected area you may be kicked out (conservation methods)

Largely unsuccessful: hard to monitor people

Front 10

Social Capital

Back 10

- Social relationships and values are an asset
- Circulation of knowledge is a form of social capital (indigenous knowledge of the forsts)

The rainforest has been sustainably managed by people for a long time

Biodiversity in the amazon was perfectly compatible with human existence there, cultural practices may be a really good source of info about sustainable practices

Front 11

Vigilance and Monitoring of rainforest

Back 11

- local people are paying the most attention when violations of environmental protection laws occur

Needs articulation

- consultation in policy planning process to ensure local participation

Research

- information about local environment that can inform policy

Front 12

Biocultural diversity

Back 12

- biological diversity and cultural diversity are intimately linked

- human societies adapt to the environment around them

o highly specific hyper local cultural practices

- as biological diversity declines, so does diversity

- an effort to explicitly link the crisis in declining species diversity and declining peoples

Front 13

VITEK

Back 13

vital index of traditional environmental knowledge

measures transgenerational retention of TEK (traditional environmental knowledge)