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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How were Navajo's influenced by Spanish Contact?
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They raided Spanish for horses and other live stock, learned to raise sheep, learned silversmith and weaving
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What is a Kinaalda ceremony?
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Ceremony to assist Navajo girls as they enter womenhood.
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How did Navajo's adapt Pueblo religion ideas into their perspective?
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They refocused religion to restoring the health of individuals.
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Why was the US in contact with the Hopi?
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US tried to force Hopi to put their childern into boarding school and elect a government.
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Why did the Navajo and Hopi have conflict?
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They had disputes over land.
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Why was the removal of NA's from Nebreska to Kansas refured to as the 2nd trail of tears?
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Their was a loss of land and property, forced removal and many died on the walk.
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Annuities
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annual distribution of trade goods to NA's with treaties
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Rations
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food brought to NA's on reservations
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Allotment
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Congree act allowed reservations to be carved up and given to individuals
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Ghost Dance of 1890
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New religion started in Neveda and plains people promised if rituals were done the world would return to goodness. (old ways)
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What 2 main indigenous traditions in southwest?
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Pueblo and semi nomdic people
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How do eastern and western pueblo societies differ?
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Eastern: farm with irrigation systems, governments more centeralized, more spanish, surplus of food.
Western: dry form of farming, more clan cheifs, harder to reach for spanish, less food |
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How did Navajo and Apache life change after contact with the Pueblos?
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Adopted farming, matrilineal clans and some religious concepts
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How did eastern pueblos perserve religion traditions as the spanish dominated?
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compartmentalized ceremonies into catholic and native realms. (had night time underground native ceremonies)
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Who was pope?
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leader of pueblo revolt in 1680
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Who was Manuelito?
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Navajo band leader who organized resistant to US.
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What is the Hopi house called?
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Pueblo
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What is the Apache house called?
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Wickiup
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What is the Navajo house called?
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hogan
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Why were clowns important in Pueblo ceremonies?
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Ridiculed non-conformist and transgressions. Also made people smile which made the gods happy.
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What was the focus point of hopi religion?
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Rain and imitation
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Who was redbird smith?
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Founder of new religion in 20th century (cherokee) revived and strengthened native life.
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How did southeast people adjust to oklahoma?
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they started to rebuild their school systems, towns, native government, farms and continued to hold common lands. (traditional costomes)
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what were 2 plains traditions?
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villagers and nomadic peoples
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Difference between plains villagers and nomadic peoples
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Villagers: earth lodges, clans (uniliner), social clan chiefs, med. bundle owned by clan, ranked social orgnizations
Nomatic: teepees, bison hunting, bilateral kinship, extended families, individual vison quest, egaliterian social orgnizations |
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How was bison used?
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food, clothes, weapons, tools, containers
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What was the consequence of the introduction of horses?
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more effective hunting, wealth differences, more elaborate ceremonies, increased in warefar, changed natural warefare
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What colonial powers traded with the plains?
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North: french and English
South: spanish and french |
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What is the consequence of the fur trade?
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Slaves and horses raids dislocated populations, populations decreased, greater influence of women, trade goods adopted (guns, metal, beads, clothes)
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What did plains people traded to american traders after the collapse of the beaver trades?
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buffalo robes and horses
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What is a treaty council?
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A meeting of representatives from the US or Canada and NA's in which territories were defined, leaders designated and promise of compensations made
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Why did plains NA's become scouts for the US army?
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Protection from enemies, rights to territories, prestige and provisions
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What did the false face society do?
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cured illness
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Who founded the longhouse religion? Why did it thrive?
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Handsome Lake, helped Iroquois adapt to new reservation life by combining old ceremonies with a new code of conduct that encouraged cooperation and solidarity
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Who were Joseph Brant and Red Jacket?
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Two Iroquois leaders: Brant allied with English and Red Jacket with the Americans during the revolutionary war
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In the 18th century what was a "creek" town?
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A group of villagers that shared ceremonial grounds
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How did the southeast people subsist at the time of contact?
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Farming and supplements from hunting
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Who governed the council in creek towns?
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representatives from high ranking families
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What was the green corn ceremony?
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Annual religious ritual to renew and re-energize the natural and social worlds
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Why did the english help settlers push NA's off thier land?
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english wanted colonist to open farms and plantations to export food
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What were the consequences of the deer skin trade?
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NA's depended on european goods, warefare increased, and marrage between european men and NA women
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When did the seminoles settle in florida?
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Refugees from the several of the southeast people, 18th centurey to early 19th
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Who was Oscoowa?
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A military leader of seminole in 19th century
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What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
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Legislation that allowed the government to remove NAs from east of the mississippi to the west of it
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What was the Curtis Act of 1898?
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Congress alloted the cherokee, choctaw, chickasaw, creek and siminole lands in Oklahoma
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What are the major contributions of NAs to transportation?
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Network of trails and roads, kayaks and canoe
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Why did the europeans want colonies?
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raw materials, cheap labor, consumers for their manufactured goods
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Who were the 2 main groups of Algonkian speakers in the northeast?
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New England and the mid atlantic peoples
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How did northeastern Algonkians obtain food before Europeans?
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Farming, hunting, fishing and gathering
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Who was the 17th century leader of the Algonkian confedery?
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Powhatan
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What was the significants of the Peqout war and King Phillip war in new england?
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Most Algonkians were killed or put into slavery, surviors stayed on a small piece of land
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What were Algonkian houses called and made out of?
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Wigwaums made from poles and birch bark
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What were Iroquois houses called and made out of?
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longhouses made from poles and elm bark
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Who belonged to Iroquoise clans and what rights did they have?
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Matrilienal kin, owned fields and chief titles
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What did Iroquois use to decorate hide clothing?
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Porcupine quills and horse hair
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What was the League of Iroquois and who founded it?
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Hiawatha and dekanawidan, 5 iroquous people
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Who made decisions for the league of iroquois?
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50 cheifs who inherited titles through clans and appointed by female heads of clan
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What was the role of Iroquois in the fur trade during the 17th and 18th century?
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They used thier geography postion to obtain fur by dominating other peoples and playing the french and english against each other
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What did Eropeans want fur for?
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to make hats of beaver
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Why did the Iroquois want to trade with Europe?
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Guns, clothes, metal items, and other items (glass beads)
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What is wampum?
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Shell beads used by NA to record important events and used by Europeans as money
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How many state names come from NA language?
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24
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What medicine developed by NA's was used as a cure for scurvy?
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Hemlock tonic
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What is the most important plant domesticated by NA's that feeds most of the world?
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corn
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What are the general areas of NA contributions to the global society?
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Food, medicine, technology, language, travel, art and architecture
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Most important food contributions from NAs?
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Corn and squash
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Clothing (technology) contribution from NAs
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Poncho, parka, moccosins
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