Native American Cultures

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Native, or relating to the first or earliest group living in an area.

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ABORIGINAL

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Taking an action, for or against a controversial issue.

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ACTIVISM

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A brick or other building material made out of clay,rocks, sand, straw and sometimes ashes.

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ADOBE

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The practice of dividing and distributing something into individual lots.

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ALLOTMENT

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An activist movement founded in 1966 to aggressively press for Indian rights. They fought for the return of Indian lands that were illegally taken by the US government.

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AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT

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The study of human beings in terms of their populations, cultures and adaptation to the environment.

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ANTHROPOLOGY

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The study of the remains of past human life such as fossils, artifacts, and monuments.

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ARCHAEOLOGY

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To absorb, or to be absorbed, into the dominant society. Example- whites trying to cause Native Americans to be more like them in religion, dress, customs, language, family life and education.

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ASSIMILATE

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The US Government agency that oversees tribal lands, education, and other aspects of Indian life.

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BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

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A count of the population

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CENSUS

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A group of related house group and families that trace back to a common ancestor, or common symbol, usually an animal such as the bear or turtle. In terms of family trees, this is the whole orchard.

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CLAN

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A special act or set of acts (such as weddings or funerals that are performed by members of a group on important occasions, usually organized according to the groups traditions and beliefs.

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CEREMONY

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something you do at church or some where eles

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A state or nation's control over foreign territory and its people.

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COLONIALISM

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To establish a group of people from a mother country or state in a foreign territory; the colonists set up a community that remains tied to the mother country.

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COLONIZE

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A group of people, states, or nations joined together for mutual support or for a special purpose.

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CONFEDERACY

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To cause a person or group to change their beliefs or practices.

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CONVERT

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A board on which an infant was bound or wrapped by some Native American mothers.

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CRADLEBOARD

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A set of belief, social habits, and ways of surviving in the environment that are held by a particular social group.

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CULTURE

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Sacred stories or myths that explain how the Earth and its people and animals were created.

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CREATION STORIES

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Tooth like shells that some tribes used as money.

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DENTALIUM

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A local variety of a particular language, with unique differences in words, grammar, and pronunciation.

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DIALECT

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The way a group obtains, produces and distributes the goods it needs.

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ECONOMY

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The overall way that a community and its surrounding environment function in nature.

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ECOSYSTEM

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the way poeple work there money

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The rapid spread of a disease so that many people in an area have it at the same time.

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EPIDEMIC

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A group of people who are classed according to certain aspects of their common background, usually by race.

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ETHNIC GROUP/ ETHNICITY

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A family group that includes aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents.

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EXTENDED FAMILY

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Tribes with which the U.S. Government maintains official relations as established by treaty, executive order, or act of Congress.

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FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED TRIBES

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A name given to the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole during the mid-1800s. These tribes had democratic constitutional governments, a high literacy rate and ran effective schools.

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FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES

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A dance perfomed by the Plains Indians that was hoped to remove the whites, restore the dead and bring back the traditional way of Native American life.

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THE GHOST DANCE

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A sacred power, usually embodied in an animal, such as a hawk, turtle or deer, that reveals itself to an individual in time of sickness or when they need help.

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GAURDIAN SPIRITS

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Resistance to disease, the ability to be exposed to a disease with less chance of getting it.

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IMMUNITY

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An area in present-day Kansas and Oklahoma where the U.S. Government once planned to move all the Indians. In 1906, the territory dissolved once Oklahoma became a state.

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INDIAN TERRITORY

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Native, or first to an area, like aboriginal.

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INDIGENOUS

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Marriage between people of different groups as between a Native American and a non-Native, or between peoples of a different tribe.

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INTERMARRIAGE

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A group of spirirts celebrated by the Pueblo Indians, the word also refers to dolls made in the image of these spirits.

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KACHINA

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Among the Pueblo indians, a circular underground room used for religious ceremonies.

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KIVA

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A story or folktale that tells about people or events in the past.

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LEGEND

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The study of human speech.

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LINGUISTICS

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A large, long "shoe-box shaped" building which was home to the tribes in the North East.

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LONG HOUSE

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The enforced 300 mile walk of the Navajo people in 1864, when they were being removed from their homes to reservations in New Mexico.

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THE LONG WALK OF THE NAVAJO

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Tracing family relations through the mother, in this kind of society, names and inheritances are passed down through the mother's side of the family.

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MATRILINEAL

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Massive movement of people from one place to another, usually following their food or a better climate.

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MIGRATION

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An organized effort by a religious organization whose goal is to convert other people to a specific religion.

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MISSION

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The sources of supplies provcided for by the environment for survival and enrichment, such as animals to be hunted, land for farming, minerals and timber.

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NATURAL RESOURCES

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Traveling and relocating often, usually in search of food and other natural resources.

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NOMADIC

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Oral traditions that are writen down after enjoying a long life of being spoken among a people.

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ORAL LITERATURE

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History, mythology, folklore, and other foundations of a culture that have been passed by spoken word, often in the form of stories.

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ORAL TRADITIONS

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A language that is the common source or two or more languages that came into being at a later time.

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PARENT LANGUAGE

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A carving or engraving on rock.

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PETROGLYPH

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A simple picture representing a historical event.

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PICTOGRAPH

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What happened after Europeans came into contact with the Native Americans.

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POST- EUROPEAN CONTACT

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A celebration where the main activity was singing and dancing.

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POWWOW

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Land set aside by the US Government where Indians were moved to.

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RESERVATIONS

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A priest or medicine person who was expected to heal the sick and gain supernatural powers when he prayed for them.

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SHAMAN

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An act passed by Congress and Andrew Jackson stating that the Native Americans were to be moved to Indian Territory.

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INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

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A very contagious disease that spreads across North America and killed many thousands of Indians.

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SMALLPOX

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A forbidden thing or action, which Native Americans believed that if violated, they might become sick or experience misfortune.

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TABOO

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An object that serves as an emblem or represents a family or clan, usually in the form of an animal, bird, fish, plant or other natural object.

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TOTEM

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A pouch in which were kept sacred objects believed to have powers that would protect and aid an individual in time of need.

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MEDICINE BUNDLE

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A renewal and purification dance performed by many Plains Indians such as the Cheyenne and Sioux.

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SUN DANCE

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An airtight hut containing hot stones that were sprinkled with water to make them steam.

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SWEAT LODGE

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The policy of the U.S. Government during the 1650-1960s that ended the relationships set up by treaties with Indian nations.

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TERMINATION

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A series of forced marches of Native Americans in the SE in the 1830s, causing the deathsof thousands.. The marches were the result of the U.S. governments removal policy under President Andrew Jackson.

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TRAIL OF TEARS

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An agreement between two or more parties or two nations.

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TREATY

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A group of Natives who share a name, language, culture and ancestors.

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TRIBE

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A relationship between 2 parties in which one is responsible for acting in the others best interest.

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TRUST

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The ideals that a community or family of people shares.

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VALUES