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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of a nation: Renan
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A nation is made by common glories in the past, common will in the present, common vision in the future. Different to the state, includes sentiment.
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Past, present, future |
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French Nation: Renan
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Based on a ‘daily plebiscite’ i.e. consent.
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Definition of a nation: Stalin
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Historic, stable, common language, territory, economic life and psychology. Removes the need for common race – serves needs of a poly-ethnic Russia.
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Definition of a nation: Connor
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Intangible; psychological bond held by members. Cannot date or categorise nations – they are based on emotions, not fact.
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Nation and State: Connor
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1971: only 9% of states can be described as nation-states. Whilst Hitler could appeal to the German people in the name of the state, nation or homeland, the same could not be said for Russians
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Nation-states Germany |
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Definition of nation: Calhoun
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Not clearly definable, a cluster of ‘family resemblances’ (in Wittgenstein’s terms)
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Hutchinson and Smith
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(1996) Nationalism based on the goals of achieving autonomy, unity and identity
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Definition of Ethnic Nationalism
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Descent into nation.
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Ethnic Nationalism: Ignatieff
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(1994) Not chosen, nation defines individual. Important for political stability; borders with state should coincide
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Ethnic Nationalism: Kohn
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(1961) Eastern, backward-looking, based on tribal solidarity
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Ethnic Nationalism: Brass
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(1991) Ethnic groups are ‘creations of elites…to protect their wellbeing or to gain advantage’.
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Definition of Civic Nationalism
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Consent to nation
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Civic Nationalism: Ignatieff
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(1994) United to a shared set of political practices and values. Legal identity linked to state
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Civic Nationalism: Kohn
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(1961) Western, forward-looking, based on rational and universal conception of liberty
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Habermas
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Constitutional Patriotism: based on pure political attachment e.g. US/Germany.
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Blurred Distinction between Civic and Ethnic Nationalism
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Civic nations not completely inclusive. Civic nations may also be backward looking (origin story). In practice, the US not been very civic in the past, racial discrimination/France also appealed to ethnic nationalism.
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Germany Reunification
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New Right nationalism versus Constitutional Patriotism. Racially motivated crime decreased. Die Republikaner disappeared, NPD no mainstream support. Abraham (2008): CP too ‘ahistorical, proceduralist, formalistic and cold, ‘national belonging needs more’. Now an open culture with German language and liberal principles. Turkish minority (3%, 2010) feel excluded, more socially conservative, desire to protect linguistic differences. Allen (2010): it will take time.
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