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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What were some of the positive results of the Crusades?
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the growth of Med. trade
improvement in the level of European technology greater contact between Europe and Byzantine and Islamic civilizations increased power of kings/monarchs |
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What were some negative results of the Crusades?
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decreased power of the Catholic Church
destruction of Constantinople bitterness/hatred between Jews, Christians, Muslims |
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Where did common law begin?
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England
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What civilization conquered Jerusalem and Palestine in the 600s?
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Arab Muslims
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Who was Saladin?
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Seljuk Turk (Muslim) who reconquered Jerusalem leading to the Second Crusade
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What were the Crusades?
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attempt by Christians to reconquer Jerusalem
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When Christians referred to the Holy Lands what were the referring to?
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Jerusalem
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What were the effects of the bubonic plague?
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death, scarcity of labor, helped bring an end to feudalism
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Who was Urban II?
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Pope who made the call for the First Crusade
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What was the tragic result of the Fourth Crusade?
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destruction of Constantinople
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Which European country was once ruled by Muslims?
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Spain
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Which monarch established common law in England?
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Henry II
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Which monarch was forced to sign the Magna Carta?
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John
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How did Italian cities benefit from the destruction of Constantinople, their location and increased trade?
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they served as trading centers, connecting Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets
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Which nations fought in the Hundred Years' War?
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England and France
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Why was the Hundred Years' War fought?
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French monarchs resented England's influence in their country
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Who won the Hundred Years' War?
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France
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Who was Joan of Arc?
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she inspired the French forces to victory at Orleans and the Hundred Years' War
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What is heresy?
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denial of basic church teachings
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What is nationalism?
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the desire to form a nation
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What is the Russian word for monarch?
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tsar (czar)
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What is usury?
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the act of lending money at the high rate of interest
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What new economic practices emerged in the late Middle Ages?
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new banking practices; letters of credit, new accounting practices using Arabic numerals, interest
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What was the Inquisition?
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a court used to try heretics
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What was the Magna Carta?
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English document that diminished the power of the monarch
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Who was Philip II?
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Spanish monarch who ruled Spain's great overseas empire until the defeat of the Spanish Armada
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Who was William the Conqueror?
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Norman king who in 1066 defeated the Saxon infantry at the Battle of Hastings beginning the unification of England as a nation
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What were the Crusades?
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Christian attempts to conquer the Holy Lands from the Muslims
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Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?
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Spanish monarchs who built Spain into a "stronger" nation by expelling Jews and Muslims through the Spanish Inquisition
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What was the Black Death?
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bubonic plague (mostly) that swept through Europe killing 1/3 of Europeans
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Who was Ivan the Great?
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Russian monarch who defeated the Mongols and expanded Russia as a nation
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What religion helped Ivan the Great unify the people of Russia?
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Orthodox Christianity
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Whose powers were weakened as a result of the Magna Carta?
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monarch of England
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What were the Crusader States?
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feudal estates established by the Crusaders in the Middle East following the First Crusade
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