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295 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones make up the skull?
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22
|
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How many movable vertebra do adults have?
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24
|
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How many movable vertebra do infants have?
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33
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How many cranial bones are there?
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8
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How many facial bones are there?
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14
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Name the 8 cranial bones.
|
"POT For Every Stranger"
Parietal (2) Occipital Temporal (2) Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid |
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Name the 14 facial bones.
|
"LIN IS MVP"
Lacrimal (2) Inferior maxillary Nasal (2) Inferior turbinates (2) Superior maxillary (2) Malar (2) Vomer Palate (2) |
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What are the 24 movable vertebra in adults?
|
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar |
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What are the 33 movable vertebra in infants?
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7 Cervical
12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 4 Coccygeal |
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What are the total number of intervertebral discs?
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23
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The intervetebral discs contribute to what percentage of spine height?
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1/4 (25%)
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The intervertebral discs derive from what?
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Notochord
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How many pair of intervertebral foramen are there?
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31
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What is the Primary A-P curve of the spine?
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1) kyphotic
2) aka accomodation 3) Thoracic spine |
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What is the Secondary A-P curve of the spine?
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1) lordotic
2) aka compensation 3) Cervical & Lumbar spine |
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During embryological development, when do the notochord & arches develop?
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Week 1-4
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In embryological development, what 3 things occur in Week 4?
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1) 38 pair of somites develop
2) mesenchymal condensation 3) chrondrification |
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Name the 38 pair of somites that develop during Week 4 in an embryo.
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1 occipital
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacrum 8 coccyx |
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Mesenchymal condensation differentiates into what 3 things?
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1) Sclerotome
-vertebra & ribs 2) Myotome -muscles 3) Dermatome -skin & connective tissue |
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When does cartilage formation of the vertebra occur?
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End of week 4
|
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When do cartilage formation of the T.P's and ribs occur?
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Week 12
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During embryological development, when does ossification begin?
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Week 10
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Normal vertebra contain how many Primary ossification centers?
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3
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Normal vertebra contain how many Secondary ossification centers?
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5
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The sacrum contains how many Primary ossification centers?
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21
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The Sacrum contains how many Secondary ossification centers?
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5
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How many Primary ossification centers does the coccyx contain?
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0
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How many Secondary ossification centers does the coccyx contain?
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4
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How many pair of spinal nerves are there?
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31
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacrum 1 coccygeal |
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What are the 3 developmental centers of a rib?
|
1) shaft
2) head 3) tubercle |
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Ribs contain how many muscle attachments?
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19
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What are the 3 classifications of ribs?
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1) True (1-7)
2) False (8-10) 3) Floating (11 & 12) |
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Name the 3 parts of the sternum.
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1) Manubrium
2) Gladiolus 3) Xiphoid |
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The sternum contains how many developmental centers?
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6
|
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Name the 3 common ligaments of the vertebral body.
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"PAD"
Posterior common Anterior common Disc |
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Name the 3 common ligaments of the spinous process.
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"SLIce"
Supraspinous Ligamentum nuchae Interspinous |
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Name the 3 common ligaments of the articular processes, transverse processes, and lamina.
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"LICk"
Ligamentum flavum Intertransverse Capsule |
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An immovable joint is called?
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Synarthrosis
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A slightly movable joint is called?
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Amphiarthrosis
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A freely movable joint is called?
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Diarthrosis
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Name 4 types of synarthrosis joints (immovable).
|
"It's a sin for a con to suture shit in someone's gums"
Synchondrosis Suture Schindylesis Gomphosis |
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The skull is an example of what type of joint?
|
suture ("seam")
-synarthrosis -immovable |
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Fissures are an example of what type of joint?
|
schindylesis
-synarthrosis -immovable |
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|
Teeth are an example of what type of joint?
|
gomphosis ("nail")
-synarthrosis -immovable |
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Joints between epiphysis & shafts of long bones, as well as temporary joints are example of what type of joint?
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Synchondrosis
-synarthrosis -immovable |
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Name 2 types of amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) joints.
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1) Symphysis
2) Syndesmosis |
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The distal tibula-fibula is an example of what type of joint?
|
Syndesmosis
-amphiarthrosis -slightly movable |
|
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Intervertebral discs & the pubic symphysis are examples of what type of joint?
|
Symphysis
-amphiarthrosis -slightly movable |
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What is the aka for a hinge joint?
|
Ginglymus
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What is the aka for a pivot joint?
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Trochoid
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What is the aka for a ball & socket joint?
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Enarthrosis
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What is the aka for a gliding joint?
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Arthrodia
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Name the 6 types of Diarthrosis (freely movable) joints.
|
"HCG on PBS"
Hinge Condyloid Gliding Pivot Ball & Socket Saddle |
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Name the joint:
-knee |
Ginglymus (hinge)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint
-elbow |
Ginglymus (hinge)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-interphalangeal |
Ginglymus (hinge)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-subtalar |
Ginglymus (hinge)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-TMJ |
Ginglymus (hinge)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
|
|
Name the joint:
-atlanto-axial |
Trochoid (pivot)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-superior radioulnar |
Trochoid (pivot)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-wrist |
Condyloid
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
|
|
Name the joint:
-metacarpal phalangeal |
Condyloid
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
|
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Name the joint:
-atlanto-occipital |
Condyloid
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-carpometacarpal |
Saddle
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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Name the joint:
-sacrococcygeal |
Saddle
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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Name the joint:
-sternoclavicular |
Saddle
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-hip |
Enarthrosis (ball & socket)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-shoulder |
Enarthrosis (ball & socket)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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Name the joint:
-carpal-tarsal |
Arthrodia (gliding)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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|
Name the joint:
-sacroiliac |
Arthrodia (gliding)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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Name the joint:
-acromioclavicular |
Arthrodia (gliding)
-diarthrosis -freely movable |
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What are the 3 articulations of the clavicle?
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1) sternum
2) scapula 3) cartilage of first rib |
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Name 3 landmarks of the clavicle.
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1) conoid tubercle (coracoid tuberosity)
2) oblique ridge 3) Trapezoid line |
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How many muscles attach to the clavicle?
|
6
|
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Which bone of the body is the first and last to ossify?
|
Clavicle
|
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Which bone forms the anterior border of the shoulder girdle?
|
clavicle
|
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Name 3 articulation of the femur.
|
1)os innomatum
2) tibia 3) patella |
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|
What are the 9 landmarks of the femur?
|
"CHANGE to LG, Please"
condyles head adductor tubercle neck gluteal tuberosity epicondyle lesser trochanter greater trochanter pectineal line |
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The femur has how many muscle attachments?
|
23
|
|
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Which is the longest, largest, and strongest bone in the body?
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Femur
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The femur develops from how many ossification centers?
|
5
|
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What are the two bones that articulate with the fibula?
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1) Tibia
2) Talus |
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Landmarks of the fibula (4)?
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1) Head (upper part)
2) Lateral malleolus 3) Neck 4) Styloid process |
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How many muscles attach to the fibula?
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9
|
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AKA for the lunate bone?
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semilunar
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AKA for the triquetral bone?
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cuneiform
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How many phalanges are in each hand?
|
14
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Name the 8 carpal bones.
|
"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle"
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
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|
How many bones articulate with each carpal bone?
|
Scaphoid (5)
Lunate (5) Triquetrum (3) Pisiform (1) Trapezium (4) Trapezoid (4) Capitate (7) Hamate |
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Name the 7 Tarsal bones.
|
Talus
Calcaneous Navicular Cuboid Internal cuneiform Middle cuneiform External cuneiform |
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AKA for the talus bone?
|
astralgus
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AKA for the Navicular?
|
scaphoid
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How many muscles attach to the calcaneus?
|
8
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How many muscles attach to the cuboid?
|
2
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How many muscles attach to the navicular?
|
1
|
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How many mascles attach to the external cuneiform?
|
2
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Name the 2 calcaneus articulations.
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1) Tibia
2) Talus |
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Name the 4 Talus (astralgus) articulations.
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1) tibia
2) fibula 3) calcaneus 4) navicular |
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How many bones articulate with the cuboid?
|
4
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Name the 4 navicular (scaphoid) articulations.
|
1) internal cuneiform
2) middle cuneiform 3) externl cuneiform 4) talus |
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Name the 4 internal cuneiform articulations.
|
1) navicular
2) middle cuneiform 3) MT #1 4) MT #2 |
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Name the 4 middle cuneiform articulations.
|
1) navicular
2) internal cuneiform 3) external cuneiform 4) MT #2 |
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Name the 6 external cuneiform articulations.
|
1) navicular
2) middle cuneiform 3) cuboid 4) MT #2 5) MT #3 6) MT #4 |
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How many muscles attach to the great toe?
|
5
|
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How many muscles attach to toe #2, 3, and 4?
|
3
|
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How many muscles attach to toe #5?
|
4
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|
Where is the olfactory center located?
|
hypothalamus
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What does anosmia mean?
|
Loss of smell
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Name the 2 types of deafness.
|
1)conduction
2)sensorineural |
|
|
Name the type of deafness:
-"middle ear deafness" -mechanical obstruction |
Conduction
|
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|
Name the type of deafness:
-damage to cochlear or CN VIII |
Sensorineural
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Where is the auditory center located?
|
Broca's Areas 41 & 42
-Superior temporal gyrus |
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Name the 12 cranial nerves in order.
|
"oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel a girl's vagina, ah heaven"
CN I = Olfactory CN II = Optic CN III = Oculomotor CN IV = Trochlear CN V = Trigeminal CN VI = Abducens CN VII = Facial CN VIII = Vestibulocochlear CN IX = Glossopharyngeal CN X = Vagus CN XI = Accessory CN XII = Hypoglossal |
|
|
Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-smells |
CN I - Olfactory
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-seeing |
CN II - Optic
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-moving the eyes |
CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-moving the eyes down and out |
CN IV - Trochlear
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-chewing -feeling the face |
CN V - Trigeminal
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-abducting the eye |
CN VI - Abducens
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-moving the face -taste -salivation -crying |
CN VII - Facial
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-hearing -balance |
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-taste (posterior 1/3) -salivation -swallowing |
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-taste -swallowing -lifting the palate -talking -parasympathetic innervation to the left colic flexure |
CN X - Vagus
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-turning the head -lifting the shoulders |
CN XI - Accessory (Spinal accessory)
|
|
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Name the cranial nerve responsible for:
-moving the tongue |
CN XII - Hypoglossal
|
|
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How does CN I exit the skull?
|
cribriform plate of ethmoid
|
|
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How does CN II exit the skull?
|
optic foramen
|
|
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How does CN III exit the skull?
|
superior obital fissure
|
|
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How does CN IV exit the skull?
|
superior orbital fissure
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|
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How does CN V exit the skull?
|
V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - inferior orbital fissure & foramen rotundum V3 - foramen ovale |
|
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How does CN VI exit the skull?
|
Superior Orbital Fissure
|
|
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How does CN VII EXIT the skull?
|
Stylomastoid forament
|
|
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How does CN VII ENTER the skull?
|
Internal Auditory Meatus
|
|
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How does CN VIII exit the skull?
|
Internal Auditory Meatus
|
|
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How does CN IX exit the skull?
|
Jugular foramen
|
|
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How does CN X exit the skull?
|
Jugular foramen
|
|
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How does CN XI exit the skull?
|
Jugular foramen
|
|
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How does CN XII exit the skull?
|
Hypoglossal canal
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-stomach |
T6
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-small intestines |
T12
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-large intestines |
L1
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-liver |
T5
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-pancreas |
T7
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-spleen |
T8
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-heart |
T2
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-lungs |
T3
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-thyroid gland |
C7
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-kidneys |
T10 & T11
|
|
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What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-ureters |
T11
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-suprarenal glands |
T9
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-bladder |
L3
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-prostate |
L4
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-penis |
L3
|
|
|
What is the associated Merick vertebral level of:
-uterus |
L3
|
|
|
What innervates the uturus (2)?
|
1) inferior hypogastric plexus
2) ovarian plexus |
|
|
What innervates the penis (2)?
|
1) internal pudendal
2) pelvic plexus |
|
|
What innervates the prostate (1)?
|
Pelvic plexus
|
|
|
What innervates the bladder (1)?
|
Pelvic sympathetic plexus (S3-S4)
|
|
|
What innervates the suprarenal glands (1)?
|
solar and renal plexuses
|
|
|
What innervates the ureters (3)?
|
1) inferior mesenteric
2) spermatic 3) pelvic plexuses |
|
|
What innervates the kidneys (4)?
|
1) Renal plexus (solar plexus)
2) semilunar ganglion 3) arotic plexus 4) splanchnic (lesser & least) |
|
|
What innervates the thryroid gland (1)?
|
Middle & inferior cervical ganglion
|
|
|
What innervates the lungs (2)?
|
1) vagus
2) thoracic sympathetic chain |
|
|
What innervates the heart (2)?
|
1) thoracic sympathetic trunk
2) cardiac plexus (vagus) |
|
|
What innervates the spleen (2)?
|
1) semilunar ganglion (left and right)
2) Vagus (Rt) |
|
|
What innervates the pancreas (2)?
|
1) vagus
2) splenic plexus |
|
|
What innervates the liver (2)?
|
1) vagus
2) splanchnic via SMG |
|
|
What innervates the large intestines (2)?
|
1) splanchnic
2) vagus |
|
|
What innervates the small intestines (2)?
|
1) solar plexus
2) vagus |
|
|
What innervates the stomach (2)?
|
1) vagus
2) splanchnic via superior mesenteric ganglion |
|
|
Which 3 bones articulate with the humerus?
|
1) scapula
2) ulna 3) radius |
|
|
Name the 8 landmarks of the humerus.
|
1) bicipital groove
2) capitulum 3) anatomical neck 4) deltoid tuberosity 5) greater tubercle 6) lesser tubercle Trochlea: 7)coronoid fossa 8) olecranon fossa |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the humerus?
|
24
|
|
|
The humerus develops from how many ossification centers?
|
7
|
|
|
Name the largest bone of the upper extremity.
|
Humerus
|
|
|
AKA for pelvic girdle?
|
Os innomatum
|
|
|
Which 3 bones articulate with the os innonatum (pelvic girdle)?
|
1) sacrum
2) femur 3) opposite innominate |
|
|
Name the 6 landmarks of the ilium.
|
1) body
2) ala (PSIS,ASIS,PIIS,AIIS) 3) anterior gluteal line (middle) 4) posterior gluteal line (super.) 5) inferior gluteal line 6) iliopectineal (arcuate) line |
|
|
Name the 4 landmarks of the ischium.
|
1) body
2) ischial tuberosity 3) ischial spine 4) ramus (2) |
|
|
Name the 5 landmarks of the os pubis.
|
1) acetabulum
2) body 3) pubic tubercles 4) ramus 5) obturator foramen |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the os innonatum (pelvic girdle)?
|
9
|
|
|
The os innonatum develops from how many ossification centers?
|
8
|
|
|
What bone does the patella articulate with?
|
Femur
|
|
|
What are the 3 landmarks of the patella?
|
3 facets
|
|
|
How many muscles attach to the patella?
|
4
|
|
|
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
|
Patella
|
|
|
Which 4 bones articulate with the radius?
|
"HUSS"
Humerus Ulna Scaphoid Semilunar |
|
|
Name the 4 landmarks of the radius.
|
1) head
2) neck 3) radial tuberosity 4) styloid process |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the radius?
|
9
|
|
|
The radius has how many ossification centers?
|
3
|
|
|
Which 2 bones articulate with the scapula?
|
1) humerus
2) clavicle |
|
|
Name the borders of the scapula.
|
1) axillary (lateral)
2) superior 3) vertebral (medial) |
|
|
Name the 8 landmarks of the scapula.
|
borders
angles coracoid process spine acromium glenoid fossa infraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the scapula?
|
17
|
|
|
Which bone forms the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle?
|
scapula
|
|
|
The scapula is developed from how many ossification centers?
|
7
|
|
|
The tibia articulates with which 3 bones?
|
1) femur
2) fibula 3) talus |
|
|
Name the 7 landmarks of the tibia.
|
1) Gerdy's tubercle
2) lateral condyle 3) medial condyle 4) intercondylar eminence 5) soleal (popliteal) line 6) medial malleolus 7) tibial tuberosity |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the tibia?
|
12
|
|
|
The tibia develops from how many ossification centers?
|
3
|
|
|
The ulna articulates with which 2 bones?
|
1) humerus
2) radius |
|
|
Name the 6 landmarks of the ulna.
|
1) coronoid process
2) head (at the wrist) 3) neck 4) styloid process 5) olecranon 6) radial notch |
|
|
How many muscles attach to the ulna?
|
16
|
|
|
The ulna develops from how many ossification centers?
|
3
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-acromioclavicular |
gliding
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-ankle |
gingylmus
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-atlanto-occipital joint |
condyloid
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-Atlanto-axial joint |
pivot
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-carpometacarpal joint (thumb) |
saddle
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-carpometacarpal joint (fingers 2-4) |
gliding
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-costovertebral |
gliding
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-elbow |
ginglymus
|
|
|
Classify the joint:
-hip |
ball & socket
|
|
|
Which 3 nerves innervate the acromioclavicular joint?
|
"SAL"
1) Supraclavicular 2) Axillary 3) Lateral pectoral |
|
|
Which 2 nerves innervate the ankle joint?
|
1) tibial
2) deep peroneal |
|
|
What innervates the atlanto-occipital joint?
|
DPR & VPR of C1 & C2
|
|
|
What innervates the atlanto-axial joint?
|
DPR & VPR of C1, C2, & C3
|
|
|
Which 2 nerves innervate the carpometacarpal joint?
|
1) ulnar
2) median |
|
|
Which 4 nerves innervate the elbow joint?
|
"My RUM"
Median Radial Ulnar Musculocutaneous |
|
|
Which 3 nerves innervate the hip joint?
|
1) femoral
2) sciatic 3) superior gluteal |
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Name the 4 ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint.
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1) articular capsule
2) acromioclavicular 3) articular disc 4) coracoclavicular a) trapezoid (lateral) b) conoid (medial) |
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Name the 5 ligaments of the ankle joint.
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1) Deltoid
-ant. tibiotalar -post. tibiotalar -tibionavicular -tibiocalcaneal 2) anterior fibulotalar 3) fibulocalcaneal 4) posterior fibulotalar 5) articular capsule |
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Name the 3 ligaments of the atlanto-occipital joint.
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1) articular capsules (2)
2) ant. atlantooccipital 3) post. atlantooccipital |
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Name the 3 ligaments of the atlanto-axial joint.
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1) articular capsules (2)
2) ant. atlantoaxial 3) post. atlantoaxial |
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Name the 7 ligaments of the costovertebral joint.
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1) radiate
2) intraarticular 3) sup. costotransverse 4) post. costotransverse 5) costotransverse 6) lateral costotransverse 7) articular capsule |
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Name the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint.
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1) articular capsule
2) ulnar collateral 3) radial collateral |
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Name the 6 ligaments of the hip joint.
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1) acetabular labrum
2) transverse acetabular 3) iliofemoral 4) ischiofemoral 5) pubofemoral 6) ligamentum capitis femoris |
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Classify the joint:
-interphalangeal |
hinge
|
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Classify the joint:
-intervertebral |
symphysis
|
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Classify the joint:
-knee |
hinge (gingylmus)
|
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Classify the joint:
-metacarpophalangeal joint |
condyloid
|
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Classify the joint:
-radioulnar (proximal) |
trochoid
|
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Classify the joint:
-radioulnar (middle) |
syndesmosis
|
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Classify the joint:
-radioulnar (distal) |
trochoid
|
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Classify the joint:
-sacrococcygeal |
-saddle
-symphysis |
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Classify the joint:
-shoulder |
ball & socket
|
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Classify the joint:
-sacroiliac |
gliding
|
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Classify the joint:
-sacroiliac |
gliding
|
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Classify the joint:
-sternoclavicular |
saddle
|
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Classify the joint:
-talocalcaneal |
hinge
|
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Classify the joint:
-tibiofibular |
-pivot
-diarthrosis/syndesmosis |
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Classify the joint:
-wrist |
condyloid
|
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Which 2 nerves innervate the interphalangeal joint?
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1) ulnar
2) median |
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Which 2 nerves innervate the intervertebral joint?
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1) DPR
2) VPR |
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Which 4 nerves innervate the knee joint?
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1) tibial
2) common peroneal 3) obturator 4) femoral |
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Which 2 nerves innervate the metacarpophalangeal joint?
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1) ulnar
2) median |
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Which 4 nerves innervate the radioulnar (proximal) joint?
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1) musculocutaneous
2) median 3) radial 4) ulnar |
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What innervates the sacrococcygeal joint?
|
sacral & coccygeal VPR & DPR
|
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Which 4 nerves innervate the shoulder joint?
|
1) suprascapular
2) axillary 3) subscapular 4) lateral pectoral |
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Which 3 nerves innervate the sacroiliac joint?
|
1) superior gluteal
2) dorsal rami S1, S2 3) sacal plexus |
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Which 2 nerves innervate the sternoclavicular joint?
|
1) supraclavicular (C3-C4)
2) Nerve to subclavius |
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Which 2 nerves innervate the talocalcaneal joint?
|
1) tibial
2) deep peroneal |
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Which 2 nerves innervated the tibiofibular joint?
|
1) tibia
2) deep peroneal |
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Which 3 nerves innervate the wrist?
|
1) median
2) ulnar 3) radial |
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Name the 11 ligaments of the knee joint.
|
ligamentum patellae
oblique popliteal arcuate popliteal mediial collateral lateral collateral coronary anterior cruciate posterior cruciate medial lemniscus lateral lemniscus transverse |
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Name the ligament of the proximal radioulnar joint.
|
annular ligament
|
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Name the 2 ligaments of the middle radioulnar joint.
|
-interosseous membrane
-oblique cord |
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Name the 2 ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint.
|
-articular capsule
-articular disc |
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Name the 5 ligaments of the shoulder joint.
|
"GG CAT"
Glenohumeral Glenoidal labrum Coracohumeral Articular cartilage Transverse humeral |
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Name the 5 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint.
|
1) anterior SI
2) posterior SI 3) SI interosseous 4) sacrotuberous 5) sacrospinous |
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Name the 6 ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint.
|
-ant. sternoclavicular
-post. sternoclavicular -interclavicular -costoclavicular -articular capsule -articular disc |
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Name the 6 ligaments of the talocalcaneal joint.
|
-ant. talocalcaneal
-post. talocalcaneal -lat. talocalcaneal -articular capsule -cervical -interosseous talocalcaneal |
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|
Name the 6 ligaments of the tibiofibular joint.
|
-ant. capitular
-post. capitular -interosseous membrane -anterior distal tib-fib -posterior distal tib-fib -interior transverse |
|
|
Name the 5 ligaments of the wrist joint.
|
-articular capsule
-palmar radiocarpal -dorsal radiocarpal -ulnar collateral -radial collateral |
|
|
Cell origin of the gracilis tract?
|
DRG of S5-T6
|
|
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Cell origin of the cuneatus tract?
|
DRG of T5-C1
|
|
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Cell origin of the spinothalamic tract?
|
Dorsal horn
|
|
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Cell origin of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
|
Nucleus dorsalis (Clark's)
|
|
|
Cell origin of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
|
Base of dorsal horn
|
|
|
Cell origin of the lateral corticospinal tract?
|
75% - motor cortex
(precentral gyrus) |
|
|
Cell origin of the anterior corticospinal tract?
|
25% - motor cortex
(frontal & parietal lobes) |
|
|
Cell origin of the tectospinal tract?
|
roof of midbrain
tectum superior colliculi |
|
|
Cell origin of the rubrospinal tract?
|
tegmentum in midbrain
(red nucleus) |
|
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Cell origin of the vestibuospinal tract?
|
lateral vestibular nucleus
(Dieter's nucleus) |
|
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Cell origin of the reticulospinal tract?
|
reticular formation
|
|
|
Where does the Gracilis tract terminate?
|
Nucleus gracilis
(medulla) |
|
|
Where does the cuneatus tract terminate?
|
Nucleus cuneatus
|
|
|
Where does the spinothalamic tract terminate?
|
thalamus
(diencephalon) |
|
|
Where does the posterior spinocerebellar tract terminate?
|
Cerebellum
|
|
|
Where does the anterior spinocerebellar tract terminate?
|
Cerebellum
|
|
|
Where does the lateral corticospinal tract terminate?
|
alpha & gamma motor neurons
|
|
|
Where does the anterior corticospinal tract terminate?
|
alpha & gamma motor neurons
|
|
|
Where does the tectospinal tract terminate?
|
interneurons in spinal cord
|
|
|
Where does the rubrospinal tract terminate?
|
interneurons in spinal cord
|
|
|
Where does the vestibulospinal tract terminate?
|
interneurons in spinal cord
|
|
|
Where does the reticulospinal tract terminate?
|
interneurons in spinal cord
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-conscious proprioception -touch -pressure -two-point discrimination -stereognosis |
Gracilis tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-conscious proprioception -touch -pressure |
Cuneatus tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-pain & temperature |
Lateral spinothalamic tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-light touch |
Anterior spinothalamic tract
|
|
|
Name the two tracts responsible for controlling voluntary skilled movement.
|
Anterior & Lateral Corticospinal tracts
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-coordination of movements associated with visual input |
tectospinal tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-flexor muscle groups for posture & tone |
Rubrospinal tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-extensor muscle groups for posture and tone |
Vestibulospinal tract
|
|
|
Name the tract responsible for:
-coordination of motion and visceral outflow |
Reticulospinal tract
|
