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346 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 8 causative agents of cellular injury.
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"Hi My DNA PIG!"
Hypoxiy Microbiological agents Drugs/chemicals Nutrition disturbance Aging Physical agents Immunological reactions Genetic reaction |
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What are the 2 types of mechanisms of injury?
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1) reversible
2) irreversible |
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What are the ischemic effects of reversible injury (3)?
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"MDR"
Mitochondrial interference Decrease in intracellular pH Ribosomal detachment |
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What are the ischemic effects of irreversible injury (3)?
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1) Mitochondrial vacuolization
2) High intracellular [Ca] 3) Low intracellular pH |
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What is the morphology of reversible injury (2)?
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1) cellular swelling
2) fatty change |
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What is the morphology of irreversible injury (2)?
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1) membrane failure
2) calcification |
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Necrosis associated with myocardial infarction?
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coagulative
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Necrosis associated with hypoxic death?
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coagulative
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Necrosis associated with TB?
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caseous
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Necrosis associated with autolysis/heterolysis?
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liquifactive
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Necrosis associated with bacterial infection?
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liquefactive
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Necrosis associated with the CNS?
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liquefactive
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Describe autophagy of lysosomes (4).
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"EARS"
Exocytosis Autophagic Residual bodies Sequestriation |
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Describe heterophagy of lysosomes (4).
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"New REM"
Neutrophils Removal of necrotic cells Endocytosis/phagocytic Macrophages |
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Name the 5 ways cells adapt.
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"AH HAM"
Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Anaplasia Metaplasia |
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Which cellular adaptation results from decreased use, decreased blood or innervation, inadequate nutrition, and aging?
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Atrophy
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Which cellular adaptation is pathological, physiological, and results in an increase in cell size?
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Hypertrophy
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Which cellular adaptation is pathological, physiological (breast, liver), and results in an increase in the number of cells?
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Hyperplasia
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Which cellular adaptation occurs with an alteration of cell type (smoking)?
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Metaplasia
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Which cellular adaptation occurs with cellular disorganization (cancer)?
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Anaplasia
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Name 2 types of calcification.
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1) Dystrophic
2) Metastatic |
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Describe dystrophic calcification (4).
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"HALO"
Heart Valves Atheromas Localized coagulation Organ dysfunction |
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Describe metastatic calcification (5).
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"Hyper, Hyper AVA"
Hypercalcemia Hyperparathyroidism Affects interstitial tissue Vitamin D intoxication Addison's disease |
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Infarction is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Coagulative
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CNS is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Liquefactive
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TB is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Caseous
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Pancrease is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Enzymatic
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Liver is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Fatty
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Hyalin is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Zenker's
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Tertiary syphilis is an example of which type of degeneration?
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Gummatous
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Peripheral nerves are a type of which degeneration?
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Wallerian
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Albuminous is a type of which degeneration?
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Cloudy swelling
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Name the 9 events that occur in an inflammatory reaction.
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1) Transient vasoconstriction
2) Vasodilation 3) Increased blood flow 4) Incresed vascular permeability 5) Exudation 6) Stasis 7) Margination 8) WBC emigration 9) RBC emigration |
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In the inflammatory reaction, vasodilation occurs due to what?
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Histamine
-Duration of 30 minutes |
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In the inflammatory reaction, transient vasoconstriction occurs due to what?
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Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
-Immediate onset. -Duration of seconds to 5 mins. |
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In the inflammatory reaction, what causes stasis?
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Increased blood viscosity.
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What event of the inflammatory reaction involves WBC "pavementing"?
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Margination
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In the inflammatory reaction, RBC emigration is due to what?
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diapedisis
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Name the 4 types of inflammation.
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1) Serous
2) Fibrinious 3) Catarrhal 4) Pseudomembranous |
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Name the type of inflammation:
-skin blister -watery fluid |
Serous
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Name the type of inflammation:
-"bread & butter" pericarditis -fibrinogen |
Fibrinous
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Name the type of inflammation:
-increase mucus -common cold |
Catarrhal
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Name the type of inflammation:
-false membrane -Diphtheria |
Pseudomembranous
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-first line of phagocytic defense -chemotaxis -anaerobic glycolysis |
Neutrophils
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-chronic inflammation -T-Cells -B-Cells |
Lymphocytes
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-2nd line of defense -chronic inflammation -reticuloendothelial system involvement |
Monocytes
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-subacute inflammation -allergies -parasitic infections |
Eosinophils
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-mast cells -histamine release |
Basophils
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-Chronic inflammation -antibody immunoglobulins |
Plasma cells
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Name the inflammatory cell:
-hemostasis -coagulation factors |
Platelets
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What percentage of inflammatory cells are neutrophils?
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60%
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What percentage of inflammatory cells are lymphocytes?
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30%
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What percentage of inflammatory cells are monocytes?
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8%
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What percentage of inflammatory cells are eosinophils?
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3%
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What is the Triple Response of Lewis?
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1)Redness
2) Wheal 3) Flare |
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Which chemical mediator causes triple response of Lewis?
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Histamine
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Which Ig is associated with histamine release?
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IgE
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Which chemical mediator causes smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction?
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Serotonin
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Which chemical mediator causes T-lymphocytes to become activated?
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Lymphokinins
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Which chemical mediator causes edema, pain, vasodilation, and smooth muscle contraction?
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Bradykinin
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Which 2 chemical mediators cause smooth muscle contraction?
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1) Bradykinin
2) Serotonin |
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Which chemical mediator causes intrinsic clotting and Kinin system activation?
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Factor XII
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What is the aka for Factor XII?
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Hageman Factor
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In regard to wound healing, what event occurs with collagen deposition?
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Keloid formation
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In regard to wound healing, during which event is wound strength less than the original tissue?
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Re-epithelialization
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Name 3 influences in wound healing.
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1)proteins
2) Vitamin C 3) Adrenal hormones (inhibitory) |
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What is a benign tumor derived from glands?
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Adenoma
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The Shope virus from rabbits can cause what type of tumor?
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Benign papilloma
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A benign epithelial tumor with "finger-like" projections is called?
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Papilloma
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What type of benign tumor projects ABOVE the mucosal surface?
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Polyp
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A benign cyst of the ovaries are called?
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Cystadenomas
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Benign hollow cystic masses are called?
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Cystadenomas
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Name the ABC's of Melanoma skin tumors.
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A - asymmetry
B - Bleeding C - color change |
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"Moles" with distinct rounded borders are called what kind of skin tumor?
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Nevi
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Which type of skin tumor can occur on the eyelids and the bridge of the nose?
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Basal cell
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Which type of skin tumor does not affect mucosal surfaces as a primary site?
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Basal cell
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Which 2 skin tumors can occur in fair-skinned individuals?
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1) Squamous cell
2) Basal cell |
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Which type of skin tumor is threatening?
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Melanoma
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Solar keratosis is a type of what cancer?
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Squamous cell skin tumor
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Name 3 places in which squamous cell skin tumors can occur.
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1) Oral (leukoplakia)
2) Vulval (leukoplakia) 3) Bladder |
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Borders Classification of Tumors?
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Grade I - Nearly Normal
Grade II - Good gland formation Grade III - 50% gland formation Grade IV- 25% gland formation Grade V - No Glands - Highly anaplastic |
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Name 3 places in which fibromas can occur.
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1) Muscle fascia
2) Ovary 3) Nerve Sheath |
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What is the most common benign tumor of the heart?
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Myxoma
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Name the benign soft tissue tumor:
-very common -yellow -firm |
Lipoma
|
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Name the benign soft tissue tumor:
-firm -white -non encapsulated |
Desmoid
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Name the benign soft tissue tumor:
-clear-yellow -most common benign tumor of the heart |
Myxoma
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Name the benign soft tissue tumor:
-young -1-4 cm -slow growth |
Fibroma
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Name the malignant soft tissue tumor:
-young -pearly white |
Fibrosarcoma
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Name the most common soft tissue tumor that occurs in the elderly.
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Liposarcoma
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Name a rare malignant soft tissue tumor.
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Myxosarcoma
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Name 2 places where fibrosarcomas occur.
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1) Extremities
2) Muscle Fascia |
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What is the disorder called with an abnormality of Trisomy 21 (80%)?
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Down's Syndrome
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What is the disorder called with an abnormality of Chromosome 5?
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Cri-du-chat Syndrome
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Name the disorder which occurs as a result of someone having an extra chromosome 18.
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Edward's Syndrome
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What is the most common chromosomal defect?
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Trisomy 21 (80%) - Down's syndrome
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Name 3 Autosomal Disorders.
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1) Down's Syndrome
2) Cri-du-chat syndrome 3) Edward's syndrome |
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Name the disorder associated with multiple anomalies and an aged mother.
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Edward's Syndrome
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Name the disorder associated with wideset eyes, "cat cry", MR, and childhood death.
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Cri-du-chat syndrome
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Name the disorder associated with mongolism, mental retardation, simian fold of the hand, and inner epicanthal fold of the eyes.
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Down's syndrome
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Name 4 disorders caused by sex chromosome abnormalities.
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"T-SKY"
Turner's syndrome "Super-female" Klinefelter's Syndrome Y-polysomy |
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If someone has an XO type sex chromosome, which disorder will they have?
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Turner's syndrome
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If someone has an XXY type sex chromosome, which disorder will they have?
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Klinefelter's Syndrome
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If someone has an XXX or XXXX type sex chromosome, which disorder will they have?
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"Super-female"
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If someone has an XYY type sex chromosome, which disorder will they have?
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Y-polysomy
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Name the disorder:
-web neck -short stature -sterility -coarctation (20%) -phenotype female |
Turner's syndrome
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Name the disorder:
-phenotype male -testicular dysplasia -infertility |
Kleinfelter's syndrome
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Name the disorder:
-mental retardation -infertility |
"Super-female"
|
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Name the disorder:
-tall -aggressive (criminal) behavior |
Y-polysomy
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Name 4 lipid storage disorders.
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1) Gaucher's
2) Niemann-Pick 3) Tay-Sachs 4) Hans-Schuller-Christian |
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Name the disorder:
-glucocerebrosidase dificiency -excess keratin -"wrinkled tissue paper" lysosomes |
Gaucer's Disease
-lipid storage disorder |
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Name the disorder:
-increased sphingomyelin |
Niemann-Pick Disease
-lipid storage disorder |
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Name the disorder:
-increased gangliosides -affects the brain -most common among Jews |
Tay-Sachs Disease
-lipid storage disorder |
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Name the disorder:
-increase cholesterol |
Hans-Schuller-Christian Disease
-lipid storage disorder |
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Name 4 Glycogen storage disorders.
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"Glycogen is Very imPortant For Her"!
Von Gierkes Pompe's Forbe's Her's |
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Individuals who have Von Gierkes disease are deficient in which enzyme?
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G-6-P
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Individuals who have Pompe's Disease are deficient in which enzyme?
|
1.4 glucosidase
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Individuals who have Forbe's disease are deficient in which enzyme?
|
1.6 glucosidase
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Individuals who have Her's disease are deficient in which enzyme?
|
Liver phosphorylate
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Name 3 Autosomal dominant disorders.
|
1) Marfan's
2) Familial Hypercholesterolemia 3) Neurofibromatosis |
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|
Name the disorder:
-connective tissue disorder -skeleton (tall, arachnodactyly) -lens dislocation -floppy valve syndrome |
Marfan's Disorder
|
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Name the disorder:
-affects 1/500 -LDL receptor defect -MI |
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
|
|
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Name the disorder:
- von Recklinhausen's disease (90%) -cafe au lait spots -acoustic (10%) |
Neurofibromatosis
|
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Name 4 Autosomal Recessive Disorders.
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1) Cystic Fibrosis
2) Phenylketonuria 3) Galactosemia 4) Albinism |
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Name the disorder:
-lack of melanin synthesis |
Albinism
-autosomal recessive disorder |
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Name the disorder:
-galactokinase deficiency -liver -lens opacification -brain |
Galactosemia
|
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Name the disorder:
-lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase -PKU (lack of tyrosine production) |
Phenylketonuria
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Name the disorder:
-1/200 -exocrine glands -sweat NaCl -most common lethal genetic disease of Caucasians |
Cystic Fibrosis
|
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What is the most common lethal genetic disease of Caucasians?
|
Cystic Fibrosis
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AKA for Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions?
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Anaphylactic
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AKA for Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions?
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Cytotoxic
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AKA for Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions?
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Immune Complex Disease
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AKA for Type IV Hypersensitivity Reactions?
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Cell-mediated (Delayed) hypersensitivity
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Bronchial asthma |
Type I
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Goodpasteur's disease |
Type II
|
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Erythroblastosis fetalis |
Type II
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
Type II
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Arthus Reaction (localized necrosis) |
Type III
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-SLE |
Type III
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Name the type of Hypersensitivy reaction:
-Serum Sickness |
Type III
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-TB |
Type IV
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Name the type of hypersensitivy reaction:
-Contact Dermatitis |
Type IV
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Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction:
-Transplant rejection |
Type IV
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What is the immune mechanism for Type I (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity Reaction?
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1) IgE Antibody
2) Basophils & mast cells |
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What is the immune mechanism for Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity Reaction?
|
1) IgE & IgM function
2) Target cell phagocytosis |
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What is the immune mechanism for Type III (Immune Complex disease) Hypersensitivity Reaction?
|
1) Antigent-antibody complex
2) Lysosomes |
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What is the immune mechanism for Type IV (Cell-mediated or Delayed) Hypersensitivity Reaction?
|
1) Lymphokines
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Name 5 Autoimmune Diseases.
|
"DR. SSS"
Dermamyositis Rheumatoid Arthritis SLE Scleroderma Sjogren's syndrome |
|
|
Name the Disease:
-connective tissue involvement -fibrinoid deposits -affects 1/2500 -butterfly rash -photosensitivity -arthritis -oral ulcers -serositis |
SLS
-autoimmune disease |
|
|
Name the disease:
-nonsuppurative proliferative synovitis -more common in females |
Rheumatoid arthritis
-autoimmune disease |
|
|
Name the disease:
-B-cell dysfunction -Hypergammaglobulin -Dry eyes and mouth |
Sjogren's Syndrome
-autoimmune disease |
|
|
Name the disease:
-skin involvement -visceral involvement |
Scleroderma
-autoimmune disease |
|
|
Name the disease:
-chronic inflammatory myopathy |
Dermamositis
-autoimmune disease |
|
|
Name 5 immunological deficiencies.
|
"WAD of Bull Shit"
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome AIDS DiGeorge's Syndrome Bruton's Disease Swiss-Type- Agammaglobulinemia |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-congenital agammaglobulinemia -lack of mature B-cells -absent plasma cells |
Bruton's Disease
|
|
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Name the disorder:
-lack of thymic activity |
DiGeorge's Syndrome
|
|
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Name the disorder:
-T & B-cell deficiency |
Swiss-Type Agammaglobulinemia
|
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|
Name the disorder:
-Retroviral disease -Venereal transmission (70%) -CD4+ T-cell destruction |
AIDS
-immunological deficiency |
|
|
Name 2 functions of Vitamin A.
|
1) rhodopsin formation
2) growth |
|
|
Name 2 functions of Vitamin D.
|
1) Calcium & Phospherous absorption
2) Bone calcification |
|
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Name 1 function of Vitamin E.
|
1) Antioxidant
|
|
|
Name 1 function of Vitamin K.
|
1) Prothrombin & other clotting factor formation
|
|
|
Name the fat-soluble vitamins.
|
Vitamins A, D, E, K
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-Night blindness -xeropthalmia -dry skin -Bitot's spots |
Vitamin A
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-Rickets -osteomalacia |
Vitamin D
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-RBC hemolysis -Nerve destruction |
Vitamin E
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin cause:
-hemorrhage |
Vitamin K
|
|
|
Common name for Vitamin B1?
|
thiamine
|
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Common name for Vitamin B2?
|
Riboflavin
|
|
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Common name for Vitamin B3?
|
Niacin
|
|
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Common name for Vitamin B6?
|
Pyridoxine
|
|
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Common name for Vitamin B9?
|
Folic Acid
|
|
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Common name for Ascorbic Acid?
|
Vitamin C
|
|
|
Common name for Biotin?
|
Biotin
|
|
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Common name for Pantothenic Acid?
|
Pantothenic Acid
|
|
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Common name for Vitamin B12?
|
Cobalamin
|
|
|
Name a function for Vitamin B! (thiamine).
|
Nerve function
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-Beriberi -edema -tingling sensations -Wernick-Korsakoff Syndrome *encephalopathy *psychosis |
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
|
|
|
Name the function of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin).
|
Detoxification
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-black tongue -crack at corners of mouth |
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Vitamin B3 (Niacin).
|
1) fat synthesis
2) fat metabolism |
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin causes:
-Pellegra *Dementia *Diarrhea *Dermatitis *Death |
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine).
|
1) Hemoglobin synthesis
2) Neurotransmitter synthesis |
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin can cause:
-headaches -anemia -convulsions -flaky skin |
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
|
|
|
Name a function of Vitamin B9 (folic acid).
|
Protein synthesis
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin can cause:
-megablastic anemia -tongue inflammation -diarrhea -poor growth -mental disorders -alcoholics |
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
|
|
|
Name 3 function of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C).
|
1) collagen synthesis
2) hormone synthesis 3) neurotransmitter synthesis |
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin can cause:
-scurvy -bleeding gums -edema |
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
|
|
|
Name a function of Biotin.
|
Fat synthesis
|
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin can cause:
-dermatitis -anemia -depression |
Biotin
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Pantothenic Acid.
|
1) fat synthesis
2) fat metabolism |
|
|
A deficiency in which vitamin can cause:
-fatigue -headache -nausea |
Pantothenic Acid
|
|
|
Name a function of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin).
|
Nerve function
|
|
|
A deficiency in which Vitamin can cause:
-pernicious anemia -cord degeneration |
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
|
|
|
Which 2 Vitamins assist with nerve function?
|
1) B1
2) B12 |
|
|
Which 2 Vitamins function in neurotransmitter synthesis?
|
1)B6
2) Ascorbic Acid |
|
|
Which 3 Vitamins function in fat synthesis?
|
1) B3
2) Biotin 3) Pantothenic Acid |
|
|
Which 2 vitamins function in fat metabolism?
|
1) B3
2) Pantothenic Acid |
|
|
Name 5 function of Calcium.
|
1) Bone & teeth formation
2) Blood clotting 3) Neurotransmission 4) Muscle contraction 5) Cell regulation |
|
|
Name 2 functions of Chloride.
|
1) Extracellular fluid ion
2) nerve transmission |
|
|
Name a function of Chromium.
|
Insulin formation
|
|
|
Name 3 functions of Copper.
|
1) iron metabolism
2) protein metabolism 3) hormone synthesis |
|
|
Name a function of flouride.
|
Dental integrity
|
|
|
Name a function of Iodide.
|
Thyroid function
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Iron.
|
1) hemoglobin synthesis
2) immune function |
|
|
Name a function of Manganese.
|
Carbohydrate metabolism
|
|
|
Name 4 functions of Magnesium.
|
1) bone integrity
2) enzyme function 3) nerve function 4) heart function |
|
|
Name a function of Molybdenum.
|
Enzyme function
|
|
|
Name 3 functions of Phospherous.
|
1) Bone & teeth integrity
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Potassium.
|
1) intracellular fluid ion
2) neurotransmission |
|
|
Name a function of Selenium.
|
Peroxide metabolism
|
|
|
Name 2 functions of Sodium.
|
1) extracellular ion
2) neurotransmission |
|
|
Name 3 functions of Sulfur.
|
1) Vitamin & amino acid composition
2) drug detoxification 3) Acid-Bace balance |
|
|
Name 3 functions of Water.
|
1) chemical reaction medium
2) waste removal 3) temperature regulation (perspiration) |
|
|
Name 2 functions of Zinc.
|
1) enzymatic function
2) sexual development |
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-osteoporosis risk |
Calcium
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-convulsions |
Chloride
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-anemia -low WBC count |
Copper
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-dental caries |
Flouride
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-goiter |
Iodide
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-anemia |
Iron
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-weakness -muscle pain |
Magnesium
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-irregular heart beat -appetite loss -muscle cramps |
Potassium
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-muscle pain and weakness -heart disease |
Selenium
|
|
|
A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-muscle cramps |
Sodium
|
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A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-thirst -muscle weakness |
Water
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A deficiency in which mineral can cause:
-skin rash -diarrhea -poor growth/development -hair loss -poor wound healing -decreased appetite & sense of taste |
Zinc
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Which minerals do not become deficient (5)?
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"PS, Moly is a Chromagnum Man"!
Phospherous Sulfur Molybdenum Chromium Manganese |
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Name 2 malnutrition syndromes.
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1)Kwashiorkor
2) Marasmus |
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What is a malnutrition syndrome which is caused by a deficiency in protein?
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Kwashiorkor
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What is a malnutrition syndrome which is caused by a deficiency in both protein and kcalories?
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Marasmus
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Name the bone disorder:
-affects long bones -10-15 year olds -chromosome 11 & 22 reciprocal translocation |
Ewing's Sarcoma
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Name the bone disorder:
-focal areas of mature bone -McCune-Albright syndrome |
Fibrous Dysplasia
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Name the bone disorder:
-clubbing of fingertips -periostitis -joint tendernous and swelling -"Watchglass" nail deformity |
Hypertrophic Osteoarthritis
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Name the bone disorder:
-tumor cell formation of osteoid (Hallmark) -most common primary malignancy of bone |
Osteosarcoma
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Name the bone disorder:
-<1.5 cm nidus -affects cortex |
Osteoid Osteoma
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Name the bone disorder:
-Paget's disease -Phases: 1) osteolytic 2) mixed 3) osteoblastic |
Osteitis Deformans
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Name the bone disorder:
-decreased quantity of bone -normal composition -predominant osteoclastic activity -hyperparathyroidism -glucocorticoids -backache |
Osteoporosis
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Name the bone disorder caused by Staph aureus.
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Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
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Name the bone disorder:
-Vitamin D deficiency -excess osteoid -osteopenia -pseudofracture |
Rickets/Osteomalacia
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Name the joint disorder:
-weight bearing joints -"osteoarthritis" -small joints of hands -Herberden's nodes -trauma -joint crepitation |
DJD
-degenerative joint disease |
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Name the joint disorder:
-agent=Borrelia burgdorferi -tick bite transmission -reservoirs-deer & mice -erythema chronicum migrans -joint pain |
Lyme Disease
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Name the joint disease caused by Staph aureus.
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Suppurative arthritis
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Name the muscle disorder:
-disuse -malnutrition -de-innervation |
Atrophy
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Name the muscle disorder:
-Botulinum perfringens -blood borne microbes |
Myositis
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Name the muscle disorder:
-Becker type (normal life) -Duchennes dystrophy (early death) |
Muscular Dystrophy
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Name the muscle disorder:
-autoimmune disease -impaired ACh transmission -thymic hyperplasia (60%) |
Myasthenia Gravis
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Name the muscle disorder:
-Trichinella spiralis -undercooked meat |
Trichinosis
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What can cause Encephalitis (6)?
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"PMS, AHA"
Parenchymal infection of brain M. tuberculosis Syphilis Arbovirus Herpes Simplex Virus AIDS |
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What can cause Meningitis (8)?
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"ALL Miami HEAT"
Air transmission Leptomeninges & subarachnoid space inflammation Lab findings-reduced CSF sugar count M. tuberculosis Herpes Simplex II EBV Agents: 1)Neonate-E.coli 2)Infants/children-H.influenza 3)Adults-N.meningitis T. pallidum |
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Name the vascular disease:
-fatty streak |
Atherosclerosis
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Name the vascular disease:
-No fibrous scar |
Cerebral infarction
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Name the vascular disease:
-Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm |
Intracranial hemorrhage
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Name the vascular disease:
-Berry aneurysm (@ Anterior communication & ACA junction) |
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Name the disorder caused by trauma:
-rupture of meningeal arteries -b/t dura & skull |
Epidural Hematoma
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Name the disorder caused by trauma:
-venous rupture -b/t inner & outer dural membranes |
Subdural Hematoma
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Name the disorder caused by trauma:
-concussion -contusion -laceration |
Parenchymal injury
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What is the most common brain tumor?
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Astrocytoma
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A cerebral hemisphere tumor is called?
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Oligodendroglioma
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Name the disorder:
-epithelial tumor -ependymal canals -Rosettec |
Ependyoma
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Name the degenerative disease:
-cortex -cause of senile dementia ->50 years old -ACh deficiency |
Alzheimer's disease
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Name the degenerative disease:
-Lou Gehrig's disease -Degeneration of upper & lower motor |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Name the degenerative disease:
-20-50 year olds -Autosomal dominant -Chromosome 4 -Basal ganglia & brainstem |
Huntington's Chorea
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Name the degenerative disease:
-15-50 year olds -demyelination |
Multiple Sclerosis
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Name the degenerative disease:
-expression-less face -substantia nigra affected -stooped posture -shuffled gait -rigidity -tremor |
Parkinson's disease
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Name the peripheral nervous system disorder:
-"Dying back" -Schwann cell proliferation -cellular inhospitality |
Axonal Degeneration
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Name the peripheral nervous system disorder:
-"Landry-Guillain-Barre Syndrome" -Demyelinating neuropathy |
Acute Idiopathic Polyneuropathy
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Name the peripheral nervous system disorder:
-distal, symmetric, sensory polyneuropathy -Axonopathy |
Diabetic Neuropathy
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Name the peripheral nervous system disorder:
-follows peripheral transection of axon -proximal-degeneration back to Node of Ranvier -distal-degeneration of axon |
Wallerian Degeneration
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Name the disorder:
-Factors: 1) cigarette smoking 2) obesity -angina-precipitated by stress, relieved by rest -MI-not relieved by rest -CHF intimal disease |
Atherosclerotic heart disease
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Name the disorder:
-"hardening of arteries" |
Arteriosclerosis
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Tetrology of Fallot consists of 4 abnormalities of the heart. What are they?
|
"RIP Open"
Right ventricular hypertrophy Intraventricular septal defect Pulmonic stenosis Overriding aorta |
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Name the disorder:
-post rheumatoid heart disease -Strep (subacute) -Staph (acute) |
Bacterial Endocarditis
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Name the disorder:
-Rubella virus -ventricular septal defect (Roger's Defect) -coarctation of aorta -Tetrology of Fallot |
Congenital Heart Disease
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Name the disorder:
-right sided heart failure -cause is LSHF |
Corpulmonale
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Name the disorder:
-left ventricular hypertrophy -cardiomegally -no valvular disease -BP>140/90 |
Hypertensive Heart Disease
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|
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Name the disorder:
Myxoma=benign tumor Rhabdomyosarcoma=malignant tumor |
Heart tumors
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Name the disorder:
-Group A beta hemolytic strep -Aschoff bodies -MacCallum patch -Mitral (bicuspid) valve involvement |
Rheumatic Heart Disease
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Name the disorder:
-tertiary syphilis -tambour murmur -panvascular cuffing -Zahn-Schminke pockets -LVH |
Syphilitic Heart Disease
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Name the disorder:
-enzymatic fat necrosis -hemorrhage (chalky-white) -high amylase concentration |
Acute Pancreatitis
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Name the disorder:
-chronic very common -suppuration -perforation |
Cholecystitis
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Name the disorder:
-irregular stones -4 F's 1) Fat 2) Female 3) Flatulent 4) Forty |
Cholelithiasis
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Name the disorder:
-"strawberry" gallbladder |
Cholesterolosis
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Name the disorder:
-"rubber-hose" -"skip" lesions -multilayer granuloma involvmt. -affects terminal ileum (80%) -obstruction common |
Crohn's Disease
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Name the disorder:
-large intestines -25% occurence after 65 y.o |
Diverticulosis
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Name the disorder:
-congenital megacolon -lack of myenteric plexus |
Hirschsprung's Disease
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Name the disorder:
-no granuloma -obstruction uncommon -rectosigmoid colon (70%) -pseudopolyps |
Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis
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Name the disease:
-"nutmeg" liver -very common -hepatomegally -RSHF |
Chronic Congestion of Liver
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Name the disorder:
-Laennec's (nutritional) -spider nevi -testicular atrophy -gynecomastia -ascites |
Cirrhosis
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|
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Name the disorder:
-superior portion of duodenum affected |
Peptic Ulcer
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Name the disorder:
-decreased absorptive area -grain sensitivity (gliadin) -deficient intraluminal digestion |
Celiac sprue
-malabsorption syndrome |
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Name the disorder:
-post infections -E. coli -Klebsiella -Enterobacter -Carribean |
Tropical Sprue
-malabsorption syndrome |
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Name the disorder:
-systemic condition -intestinal derangements -CNS involvement -arthritis -thickened small intestine wall |
Whipple's Disease
-malabsorption syndrome |
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Name the disorder:
-lack of surfactant -hyalin membrane disease -premature infants affected |
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (R.D.S)
-pediatric lung disease |
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Name the disorder:
-< 1 year old -"crib death" -unknown cause |
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (S.I.D.S)
-pediatric lung disease |
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Name the disorder:
-alveolar collapse -complete obstruction -puple lung |
Atelectasis
-obstructive lung disease |
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Name the disorder:
-episodic, reversible bronchoconstriction -dyspnea -cough -wheezing -Curshman's Spirals -Charcot-Leyden crystals |
Asthma
-obstructive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-bronchi dilatation -necrotizing infection -secondary disease -clubbing |
Bronchiectasis
-obstructive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-"blue bloater" -copious mucus -cigarette smoking |
Chronic Bronchitis
-obstructive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-"pink puffer" -permanent enlargement of acinus -wall destruction -overinflation -cigarette smoking |
Emphysema
-obstructive lung disease |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-alveolar epithelium damage -neutrophil involvement |
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-restrictive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-pulmonary hemorrhage -nosocomial -glomerulonephritis |
Goodpasture's Syndrome
-restrictive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-"allergic alveolitis" |
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
-restrictive lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-"Hamman-Rich syndrome" -injury to alveolar wall |
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
-restrictive lung disease |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-multisystem disease -granulomatous |
Sarcoidosis
-restrictive lung disease |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-deep veins of lower legs |
Pulmonary Thromboembolism
-vascular lung disease |
|
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Name the disorder:
-Death from RSHF |
Pulmonary Hypertension
-valvular lung disease |
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Name the disorder:
-strep. Pneumoniae is the cause -nosocomial (pseudomonas or staph) |
Acute bacterial pneumonia
-pulmonary infection |
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Name the disorder:
-bacterial -chronic infection -A. Israelii -Abscess formation |
Actinomycosis
-pulmonary infection |
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Name the disorder:
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae -children -Influenza A & B -Chlamydia -Rickettsia |
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
-pulmonary infection |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-M. Tuberculosis -granulomatous -poverty -Type IV hypersensitivity -caseous |
Tuberculosis
-pulmonary infection |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-normal inbahitant of mucosa -proliferation yields white, curdy appearance |
Candidiasis
-fungal infection |
|
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Name the disorder:
-C. Immitis -Asymptomatic (60%) |
Coccidioidomycosis
-fungal infection |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-Herpes virus family -gigantism -AIDS |
Cytomegalovirus
-fungal infection |
|
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Name the disorder:
-H. Capsulatum -asymptomatic (90%) -systemic -suppurative -non-budding |
Histoplasmosis
-fungal infection |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-parenchyma -suppurative necrosis -aspiration |
Lung Abscess
-fungal infection |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-P. Carinii -opportunistic -infection in AIDS patients |
Pneumocystitis Pneumonia
-fungal infection |
|
|
What is the most common cause of cancer related deaths?
|
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-asbestosis |
Malignant Mesothelioma
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-"pig skin" -hypertension -renal disease >50 y.o |
Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-uniform hyalinization -high concentration of phosphorous -low concentration of calcium |
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-congenital -Type III (Potter) |
Polycystic Kidney
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-E. coli -pyuria |
Pyelonephritis
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-young male -"Can't see, can't pee, can't dance with me" 1)conjunctivitis 2)urethritis 3)arthritis |
Reiter's Syndrome
|
|
|
What is a benign tumor of the thryroid gland called?
|
Adenoma
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-hypothyroidism at birth -dwarfism -mental retardation -thryroid agenesis (70%) |
Cretinism
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-hyperthyroidism -exopthalamos -goiter -increased thyroxine -increased follicular cells -decreased colloid |
Grave's Disease
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-hypothyroidism |
Hashimoto's Disease
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-adrenal cortex is affected -hyperpigmentation -weight loss |
Addison's Disease
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-increased aldosterone |
Conn's Syndrome
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-increased glucocorticoids -hypertension |
Cushing's Syndrome
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-increased alkaline phosphatase -"water clear" cells |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-increased alkaline phosphatase -decreased calcium -von Recklinghausen's disease -chief cell hyperplasia |
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-adult acromegaly -childhood gigantism |
Acidophile
-pituitary gland disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-Cushing's syndrome -Hyperthyroidism |
Basophile
-pituitary gland disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-tooth buds -mandible |
Rathke's Pouch Tumor
-pituitary gland disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-blood group incompatability -affects 2nd child |
Erythroblastosis fetalis
-red cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-increased concentration of red blood cells |
Polycytemia
-red cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-abnormally shaped hemoglobin -more common among blacks -ischemia |
Sickle Cell Anemia
-red cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-hemoglobin synthesis disorder -splenomegally -hepatomegally |
Thalassemia
-red cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-Reed-Sternberg cells -fever -Rye classifications |
Hodgkin's Disease
-white cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-abnormal leukocytes -bone marrow -splenomagally |
Leukemia
-white cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-immune system tumors -T-cells -B-cells -histioocytes |
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
-white cell disorder |
|
|
Name the disorder:
-classic hemophilia -X-linked recessive trait -prolonged bleeding |
Factor VII Deficiency
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-X-linked recessive trait -mimics hemophilia A -normal bleeding time |
Factor IX Deficiency
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-spontaneous bleeding -<100,000 platelets/microliter |
Thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
Name the disorder:
-normal platelet count -spontaneous/prolonged bleeding -platelet dysfunction |
von Willebrands Disease
|
