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300 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the scientist:
-discovery of viruses |
Ivanoswoski
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Name the scientist:
-tobacco mosaic disease |
Ivanoswoski
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Name the scientist:
-father of microbiology |
Leuwenhoek
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Name the scientist:
-discovered the microscope |
Leuwenhoek
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Name the scientist:
-discovered single celled microorganisms |
Leuwenhoek
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Name the scientist:
-challenged spontaneous generation |
Spallanzani
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Name the scientist:
-microorganism growth |
Spallanzani
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Name the scientist:
-presence of microbes in air |
Pasteur
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Name the scientist:
-pasteurization |
Pasteur
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Name the scientist:
-rabies & anthrax vaccines |
Pasteur
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Name the scientist:
-antiseptics in surgical settings |
Lister
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Name the scientist:
-germ theory |
Koch
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Name the scientist:
-culture media (agar-agar) |
Petri
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Name the scientist:
-chemotherapy |
Ehrlich
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Name the scientist:
-antibiotics |
Fleming
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Name the scientist:
-phase contrast microscope |
Zirnike
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Name the scientist:
-electron microscope |
J.J Thompson
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Name the scientist:
-artificial immunity |
Edward & Jenner
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Name the scientist:
-first vaccination |
Edward & Jenner
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Name the scientist:
-yeast |
Schwann
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Name the scientist:
-differential staining technique for bacteria |
Hans Christian Gram
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Name the scientist:
-passive immunization |
Von Behring
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Name the scientist:
-antitoxin therapy of diptheria |
Von Behring
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Name the scientist:
-malaria transmission |
Ross
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Name the scientist:
-discovered streptomycin |
Waksman
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Name the scientist:
-polio virus |
Enders & Weiler & Wilkins
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Name the scientist:
-nucleic acid enzymes |
Ochoa & Komberg
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Name the scientist:
-DNA structure |
Crick & Watson & Wilkins
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Name the scientist:
-tRNA function |
Holley & Gobund
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Name the scientist:
-reverse transcriptase |
Temin & Baltimore
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Name the scientist:
-puerperal fever |
Semelweis
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Name the scientist:
-hand washing |
Semelweis
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Name the scientist:
-first to recognize infectious nature of disease |
Frecastro
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In what year were viruses discovered by Ivanoswoski?
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1892
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In what year did Leuwenhoek discover single celled microorganisms?
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1673
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In what year did Spallanzani grow microorganisms?
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1765
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What was the first vaccine made for?
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smallpox
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Which 4 diseases don't follow Koch's postulates?
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1) syphilis
2) AIDS 3) Leprosy 4) Legionnaire's Disease |
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What are Koch's 4 postulates?
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1) ID of causative agent in all cases of disease
2) Isolation & preparation of pure culture 3) Reproduction of disease in susceptible host 4) Recovery of same microorganism from infected host |
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What are River's 3 postulates?
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1) Viral agent must be present at time of disease
2) Viral agent must produce the specific disease 3) Similar material must transmit the disease to other hosts |
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Shape of cocci bacteria?
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spherical
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Shape of rod-like bacteria?
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cylindrical
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Shape of spiral bacteria?
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vibrios
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Function of flagella?
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bacteria mobility
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Function of axial filaments?
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spirochete mobility
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Function of pili?
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-bacterial adhesion
-genetic transfer |
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Function of glycocalyx?
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-bacterial adhesion
-protection |
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Function of a cell wall?
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-protection
-shape -"gate" -flagella support |
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Function of a plasma membrane?
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osmotic barrier
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Function of mesosomes?
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-cell wall formation
-nuclear material division -cellular respiration -spore formation |
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Function of plasmids?
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genetic information
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Function of ribosomes?
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protein formation
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Function of Ascholi test?
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presence of anthrax
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Function of Aschheim-Zonkek (AZ) test?
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pregnancy
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Function of ASO titre?
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rheumatic fever
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Function of Bile solubility test?
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Differential diagnosis of pneumococci from alpha hemolytic strep
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Function of Catalase test?
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Differential diagnosis of aerobic from anaerobic
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Functioin of Complement function test?
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presence of complement (+ = hemolysis)
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Function of Coliform test?
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E. coli contamination
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Function of Coomb's test?
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antigen on RBCs (erythroblastosis fetalis)
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Function of Dick test?
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Scarlett fever
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Function of ELISA test?
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antibody identification
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Function of Schultz-Carlton test?
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scarlett fever
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Function of Schick test?
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diptheria immunization
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Function of Giemsa stain test?
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presence of protozoan
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Function of Phosphatase test?
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test of pasteurization effectiveness for TB
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Function of Paul Bunnel test?
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infectious mononucleosis
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Function of the Eosin-Methylene-Blue (EMB) test?
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Differential diagnosis of E.coli (dark metallic sheen) from E. aerogenes (pink with blue center)
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Function of Weil-Felix test?
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Rickettsia
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Function of Western Blot test?
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viral proteins
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Function of Widal test?
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typhoid fever
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Name the media:
-sporulating |
AK
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Name the media:
-Salmonella |
Bismuth sulfate
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Name the media:
-Bordetella & mycobacterium |
Bordet gengov (blood & glycerol)
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Name the media:
-Staph aureus |
Coagulase mannitol
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Name the media:
-Coliforms |
Endo agar
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Name the media:
-Escherishiae |
EMB
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Name the media:
-Brucella |
Polymyxin, Bacitracin
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Name the media:
-alpha, beta, from gamma strep. |
Blood agar
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Name the media:
-Serratia & pseudomonas |
Baco pseudomonas F agar
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Name the media:
-Corynebacterium xerosis |
Meuller Hinton Tellurite
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Name the media:
-Gram negative bacteria |
MacConkey agar (Macagar)
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Name the media:
-Staph aureus |
1) Coagulase mannitol
2) Mannitol salt agar media |
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Name the media:
-Brucella from feces |
Polymyxin B
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Name the media:
-Corynebacterium, diptheria |
Modified Loeffler's
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Name the media:
-Fastidious anaerobes |
P.R.A.S.
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Staphlococcus |
Gram positive cocci
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Sarcina |
Gram positive cocci
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Micrococcus |
Gram positive cocci
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Streptococci |
Gram positive cocci
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Bacillus |
Gram positive cocci & rod
(spore forming) |
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Clostridium |
Gram positive cocci & rod
(spore forming) |
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Lactobacillus |
Gram positive rod
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Corynebacterium |
Gram positive rod
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Gardnerella |
Gram positive rod
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Microbacterium |
Gram positive rod
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Name the classification of the Genus:
-Actinomyces |
Gram positive rod
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Name the classification of the Family:
-Enterobacteriacae |
Gram negative rod
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Name the 4 genuses of the Enterobacteriacae family.
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1) Escherichia
2) Klebsiella 3) Shigella 4) Salmonella |
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Which gram negative bacteria can cause septicemia?
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1) E. coli
2) Klebsiella 3) Pseudomona aeruginosa |
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Which bacteria are responsible for causing Waterhous-Friederichsen syndrome?
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Nisseria meningitis
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Which causative agent can cause boils, osteomyelitis, and septicemia?
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Staph
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Which type of bacteria affect the lower bowel and can cause septicemia?
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Anaerobic bacteria
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What disease is a post strep infection?
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Rheumatic fever
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Which bacteria can cause septicemia and bacterial endocarditis?
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Strep. viridans
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Which bacteria can cause enteric fever and septicemia?
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Salmonella
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Which type of disease can cause septicemia and has lymph involvement?
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Typhoid fever
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What would a lab specimen of Chlamydia look like?
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Bubo pus
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Name the 3 types of Chlamydia that are in Subgroup A.
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1) Trachoma
2) Lymphogranuloma venerum 3) Inclusion conjunctivitis |
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What type of Chlamydia is in Subgroup B?
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Psittacosis
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Name the type of Chlamydia:
-chronic inflammation of eye -vector=fly |
Trachoma
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Name the type of Chlamydia:
-painless ulcer with lymph blockage -venereal transmission -Tropics |
Lymphogranuloma venerum
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Name the type of Chlamydia:
-genital tract -venereal or swimming pool transmission -asymptomatic females |
Inclusion conjunctivitis
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Name the type of Chlamydia:
-bird droppings -air transmission -interstitial pneumonia |
Psittacosis
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What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
|
R. rickettsii
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What causes Epidemic Typhus?
|
R. prowazekii
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What causes Murine Typhus?
|
R. mooseri
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What causes Scrub Typhus?
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R. tsutsugamushi
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What causes Q-fever?
|
Coxiella burnetti
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What causes Rickettsial Pox?
|
R. akari
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What causes Trench Fever?
|
Rochalimae quintana
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Vector of R. rickettsii?
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-dog tick
-wood tick |
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Vector of R. prowazekii?
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Body louse
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Vector of R. mooseri?
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-rats
-fleas |
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Vector of R. tsutsugamushi?
|
Mites
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Vector of Coxiella burnetti?
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Ticks
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Vector of R. akari?
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Mites
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Vector of Rockalimae quintana?
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Body louse
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Reservoir for R. rickettsii?
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-rodents
-dogs |
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Reservoir for R. prowazekii?
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Man
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Reservoir for R. mooseri?
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Rat
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Reservoir for R. tsutsugamushi?
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-rodents
-birds |
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Reservoir for Coxiella burnetti?
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-rodents
-cattle -sheep -chicken |
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Reservoir for R. akari?
|
Mouse
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Reservoir for Rochalimae quintana?
|
Men
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Name the disease:
-Spreads from extremities in |
Rocky mountain spotted fever
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Name the disease:
-Spreads from trunk out |
Epidemic Typhus
|
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Name the disease:
-positive Weil-Felix |
Murine Typhus
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Name the disease:
-black eschar formation |
Scrub Typhus
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Name the disease:
-negative Weil-Felix |
Q-fever
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Name the diseae:
-associated rash -negative Weil-Felix |
Rickettsial pox
|
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Name the disease:
-culturable -War-time -AKA is His-Werner Disease |
Trench Fever
|
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Give the proposed medical schedule for the vaccination:
-DPT |
3 months
6 months 9 months 4-5 year olds |
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Give the proposed medical schedule for the vaccination:
-Measles |
2 years old
|
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Give the proposed medical schedule for the vaccination:
-oral poliomyelitis - |
4-5 years
& 16-18 years |
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Give the proposed medical schedule for the vaccination:
-Rubella (females) |
11-13 year olds
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Give the proposed medical schedule for the vaccination:
-tetanus |
16-18 year olds
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Name the Immunoglobulin:
-secondary immune response -70% of Ig |
IgG
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Name the immunoglobulin:
-first line of defense -primary immune response -B-cell affiliation |
IgM
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Name the immunoglobulin:
-prevents adhesion, colonization and infection -major antibody in secretion -neonatal transmission |
IgA
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Name the immunoglobulin:
-B-lymphocytes |
IgD
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Function of T-lymphocytes?
|
cellular immunity
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Function of B-lymphocytes?
|
humoral immunity
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What do you call the small molecules of an infectious organism?
|
antigen
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What do you call the glycoprotein produced in response to foreign exposure that is found in body fluids?
|
antibodies
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Name the type of immunity:
-recovery from illness |
Natural active
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Name the type of immunity:
-Ig from mother |
natural passive
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Name the type of immunity:
-toxoid or vaccine |
Artificial active
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Name the type of immunity:
-Ig treatment |
Artificial passive
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Classification 1 water pollution?
|
nuissance & aesthetic insult
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Classification 2 water pollution?
|
property damage
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Classification 3 water pollution?
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plant and animal life affected
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Classification 4 water pollution?
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damage to human health
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Classification 5 water pollution?
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human genetic and reproductive damage
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Classification 6 water pollution?
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major ecosystem disruption
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3 sources of solid waste and their %?
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1) agriculture - 51%
2) Mining - 38% 3) Industrial - 8% |
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Quanitity of solid waste?
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5.5 billion tons/year
27 tons/person/year 125 pounds/person/day |
|
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Composition of solid waste?
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paper - 40%
food - 17% |
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Fate of solid waste?
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landfills - 82%
recycled - 10% |
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Quantity of hazardous waste?
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292 million tons/year
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Sources of solid waste and their %?
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1) chemical and petroleum industry - 71%
2) metal industries - 28% |
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Level of intrusive noise pollution?
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60 decibels
|
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Level of annoying noise pollution?
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80 decibels
|
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Level of extremely bothersome noise (disco)?
|
100 decibels
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Level of painful noise pollution?
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140 decibels
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Name the process of Industrial Hygiene:
-chemical application to living tissue |
antisepsis
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Name the process of Industrial Hygiene:
-chemical agent for antisepsis |
antiseptic
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Name the process of Industrial Hygiene:
-agent that kills vegetative form of bacteria |
bactericide
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Name the process of Industrial Hygiene:
-elimination of microorganisms -applied to inanimate objects |
disinfection
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Name the process of Industrial Hygiene:
-removal of all forms of life |
sterilization
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What is the population of the United States (July 1999)?
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272 Million
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What is the World population (Oct. 2000)?
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6.1 Billion
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In how many years will the world population double?
|
38 years
|
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In how many years will the population of the United States double?
|
87 years
|
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In how many years will the population of Europe double?
|
116 years
|
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In how many years will the population of Latin America double?
|
25 years
|
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In how many years will the population of Africa double?
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27 years
|
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Which continent has the longest doubling time for population?
|
Europe
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Which continent has the shortest doubling time for population?
|
Latin America
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How many gallons of wastewater are produced by earch person everyday?
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100 gallons
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What is the primary treatment of sewage (3)?
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1) removes large physical wastes
2) chlorination w/soda lime 3) primary clarifier |
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What is the secondary method for the treatment of sewage (4)?
|
1) material degradation
2) trickling filters 3) biological oxidation 4) mandatory as of 1984 |
|
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In what year was the Safe Water Drinking Act passed?
|
1984
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What is the tertiatry method for the treatment of sewage?
|
-chemical removal
|
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In sewage, what are the 3 offensive materials?
|
1) inorganic solids
2) organic colloidal materials 3) dissolved materials |
|
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Give 3 examples of inorganic solids in sewage.
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1) sand
2) salt 3) clay |
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Give 2 examples of organic colloidal materials in sewage.
|
1) dukie logs
2) dung rolls |
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Give 3 examples of dissolved materials in sewage.
|
1) phosphates
2) nitrates 3) toxic waste |
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What percentage of sewage is water?
|
99.9%
|
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Name the preservative in:
-soft drinks |
benzoic acid
|
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Name the preservative in:
-fruit juices |
benzoic acid
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Name the preservative in:
-beer |
carbon dioxide
|
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Name the preservative in:
-carbonated soft drinks |
lactic acid
|
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Name the preservative in:
-bakery goods |
sodium proprionate
|
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Name the preservative in:
-processed cheeses |
sodium proprionate
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Name the preservative in:
-fish & meat |
sodium nitrate
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Name the preservative in:
-fungus inhibitors |
sorbic acid
|
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Name the infection of the foodborne toxin:
-Trichinella spirallis |
parasitic infection
|
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Name the infection of the foodborne toxin:
-Hepatitis A |
viral infection
|
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Name the infection of the foodborne toxin:
-C. perfringens |
Staph aureus infection
|
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Name the infection of the foodborne toxin:
-E.coli -V. cholerae |
C. botulinum infection
|
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What is the #1 killer in dietary considerations?
|
smoking
|
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What is the #2 killer in dietary considerations?
|
improper diet
|
|
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What is the normal amount of cholesterol in the blood?
|
<200 mg/100 ml of blood
|
|
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What is the normal HDL level?
|
>60
|
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What is the normal LDL level?
|
<140
|
|
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Name 3 ways in which food is safeguarded with temperature regulation.
|
1) freeze
2) refrigerate 3) cook |
|
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Which safeguarding method for food does not kill bacteria?
|
Drying
|
|
|
Name the purification method of water:
-adding oxygen for freshness |
aeration
|
|
|
Name the purification method of water:
-aluminum sulfate -removes turbidity, color, iron, and microorganisms |
coagulation
|
|
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Name the purification method of water:
--24 hour process |
sedimentation
|
|
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Name the purification method of water:
-gravel, sand, clay |
filtration
|
|
|
Name the purification method of water:
-chlorination |
disinfection
|
|
|
Name the purification method of water:
-removal of Calcium & Magnesium -Zeolite filtration |
softening
|
|
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Name the purification method of water:
-charcoal filters |
adsorption
|
|
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Name the purification method of water:
-bitumen |
corrosive correction
|
|
|
Name the type of water:
-rivers, lakes, streams |
Surface water
|
|
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Which type of water is the #1 source for human consumption?
|
surface water
|
|
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Name the type of water:
-purest source -agricultural purposes |
ground water
|
|
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Which type of water is the #2 source for human consumption?
|
ground water
|
|
|
Name the type of water:
-rain, snow |
Atmospheric water
|
|
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Which type of water is the #3 source for human consumption?
|
atmospheric water
|
|
|
Name the type of water:
-industrial and personal use -2,000 gallons/person/day prepared |
potable water
|
|
|
Name the treatment of milk:
-high temperature, short time (HTST) -holder method |
pasteurization
|
|
|
Name the treatment of milk:
-heat to 270 degrees F (132.2 degrees C) for >1 second & seal in sterile container |
Ultraheat treatment (UHT)
|
|
|
Name the treatment of milk:
-heat >100 degrees C for 45 minutes |
Sterilization
|
|
|
Name the treatment of milk:
-for untreated & pasteurized milk |
Methylene blue
|
|
|
Name the test used for milk:
-measures phenol concentration -pasteurized milk |
Phosphatase test
|
|
|
Name the test used formilk:
-<10 colonies/0.01 mL |
Colony test
|
|
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Name the treatment used for sterilized milk.
|
turbidity
|
|
|
Name the treatment used for milk:
-antibodies to B. abortus |
Brucella Ring
|
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Lactobacillus sanfrancisco |
sour dough bread
|
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Penicillin/aspergillosis |
1) country cured ham
2) jellies/jams |
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Lactobacillus |
1) saurkraut
2) cured & smoked bacon |
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Byssochlamys fulva |
fruit
|
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Bacillus subtilis |
Bread
|
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-Pseudomonas flourescens |
1) fresh fish
2) eggs |
|
|
Name the vector for the infection:
-S. Faecalis |
E. coli
|
|
|
Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-NIOSH -Bureau of Epidemiology |
CDC
|
|
|
Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-National center for toxicological research |
FDA
|
|
|
Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-Bureau of Health Manpower -National Center for Health Statistics |
Health Resources Administration
|
|
|
Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-family planning -migrant health -Indian health services -Bureau of medical services -Bureau of community health services |
Health Services Administration
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Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-National Cancer Institute -National Hearth & Lung Institute |
National Institutes of Health
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Name the administration for the Public Health Service Divisions:
-National Institute on Alcoholism |
ADAMHA
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What is the #1 leading cause of death in the world?
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Cardiovascular disease
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What is the second leading cause of death in the world?
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diarrhearl diseases
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What is the third leading cause of death in the world?
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cancer
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What is the 4th leading cause of death in the world?
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pneumonia
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What is the 5th leading cause of death in the world?
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TB
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What is the 6th leading cause of death in the world?
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obstuctive lung diseases
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What is the 7th leading cause of death in the world?
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measles
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What is the 8th leading cause of death in the world?
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malaria
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What is the 9th leading cause of death in the world?
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Hepatitis B
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What is the 10th leading cause of death in the world?
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Neonatal tetanus
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What is the 13th leading cause of death in the world?
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AIDS
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What does OSHA stand for?
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Occupational Safety & Health Agency
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What does NIOSH stand for?
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National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health
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What does CDC stand for?
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Center for Disease Control
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What does FDA stand for?
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Food & Drug Administration
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What does HRA stand for?
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Health Resources Administration
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What does NIH stand for?
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National Institute of Health
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What does ADAMHA stand for?
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Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administraction
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What does EPA stand for?
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Environmental Protection Agency
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What does USDA stand for?
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United States Dairy Association
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What does FTC stand for?
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Federal Trade Commission
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What does WHO stand for?
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World Health Organization
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Name the health agency:
-work place investigation -power to subpoena |
OSHA
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What year was the OSHA act established?
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1970
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Name the health agency:
-working condition improvement -controlled by CDC |
NIOSH
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Which agency controls NIOSH?
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CDC
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Name the health agency:
-disease diagnosis -epidemiological records -located in Atlanta |
CDC
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Where is the CDC located?
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Atlanta, GA
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Name the health agency:
-approval of food and drugs for consumer use |
FDA
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Name the health agency:
-national center for health statistics |
HRA
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Name the health agency:
-medical research -located in maryland |
NIH
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located?
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Maryland
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Name the health agency:
-rehabilitation centers |
ADAMHA
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Name the health agency:
-assures quality of air & water -sets standards -independent agency of government -established in 1970 |
EPA
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What year was the EPA established?
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1970
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Name the health agency:
-safeguards dairy & meat products |
USDA
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Name the health agency:
-healthcare for prisoners |
Department of Justice
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Name the health agency:
-healthcare for diplomats outside the country |
State Department
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Name the health agency:
-safeguards imports (ex: toys) |
FTC
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Name the health agency:
-safety and availability of blood |
Red Cross
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Who is the Head of the Red Cross?
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President of the U.S,
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Who is the Founder of the Red Cross?
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Clara Barton
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Name the health agency:
-follow pandemic diseases -Headquarters - Switzerland |
WHO
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Where is the WHO Headquarters located?
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Geneva, Switzerland
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Name the health agency:
-conducts census every 10 years -established in 1786 |
Census Bureau
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When was the Census Bureau established?
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1786
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