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219 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
247. Genital chancre begins as a papule, ulcerates to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer. TOW?
|
primary syphilis
|
|
248. Cause of genital chancre, begining as a papule, ulcerating to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer.
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
249. A pen-allergy, non-pregnant, female pt w/ fever, "copper penny" macular lesions on the palms or soles; RPR(+) should be
|
Doxycycline (secondary syphilis)
|
|
250. Management choice of tabes dorsalis (10-20yrs), iritis, uveitis, or Argyll-Robertson pupils in a pregnant woman w/ pen allergy; RPR(+) is
|
Desensitization
|
|
|
|
|
251. Hx of painful clustered vesicles with an erythematous base; urinary retention in a woman w multiple sex partners. TOW?
|
HSV-2 >> 1
|
|
|
|
|
252. Giemsa stain of fluid from a herpetic lesion should reveal
|
Multinucleated giant cells
|
|
|
|
|
253. Patient with genital herpes does not respond to acyclovir because pt is infected with
|
thymidine kinase deficient HSV
|
|
|
|
|
254. A pregnant woman with 1o symptomatic HSV-2 infection is at risk of her baby developing
|
neonatal (congenital) herpes
|
|
|
|
|
255. Cause of painful genital ulcers; purulent, grey base; painful inguinal adenitis, in a sexually promiscuous man
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
|
|
256. Fastidious organism in the infiltrate of the penile ulcer, co-localized with neutrophils and fibrin, in a pt w/ chancroid is
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
|
|
257. All sex partners of pt with chancroid, regardless of symptoms, should be examined and treated with
|
Azythromycin > ceftriaxone
|
|
|
|
|
258. Most common cause of mucopurulent endocervical exudate (Gram stain non revealing) in a woman w multiple sex partners
|
Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
|
|
|
|
|
259. Dx of mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria, penile pruritis is based on
|
NAAT of urethral specimen or urine (+)
|
|
|
|
|
260. DOC of most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis
|
Azythromycin > doxycycline
|
|
|
|
|
261. Cause of rare genital ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy [cytology(-) for multi-nucleated giant cells; RPR (-)] in men is
|
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
|
|
|
|
|
262. Hx of systemic Sx/Sn w/ cervical motion tenderness in a woman with turbo-ovarian abscess. TOW?
|
PID
|
|
|
|
|
263. Cause of mucopurulent urethritis, dysuria, penile pruritis [Smear (+):Gram-negative diplococci co-populated w/ PMNs] is
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
|
|
264. Deficiency in serum factors in a female pt w/ frequent gonorrhea and DGIs is
|
C6-C9
|
|
|
|
|
265. Immune evasion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in frequent mucosal infection is due to
|
Antigenic variation of pili.
|
|
266. Auxotrophic strains of N. gonorrhoeae with serum (complements) resistance are likely to cause
|
Septic arthritis (aka: DGI)
|
|
|
|
|
267. Most frequent complication of gonococcal (GC) infection in men
|
Epididymitis
|
|
|
|
|
268. Cause of "bull headed clap", urethral stricture, prostatitis is
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
|
|
269. Urethritis is treated with ceftriaxone + azythromycin because
|
Concurrent GC + Chlamydia
|
|
|
|
|
270. An older woman with PID and tubo-ovarian abscess receives ceftriaxone, azythromycin, and metronidazole because
|
Polymicrobic (endogenous) infection
|
|
|
|
|
271. Cause of anogenital warts w/ histology (+): koilocytes is
|
HPV 6 and 11
|
|
|
|
|
272. Cause of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear w/ no clinical signs of infection is
|
HPV 16 and 18
|
|
|
|
|
273. Cause of koilocytotic cells and possible progression to squamous cell carcinoma
|
HPV 16 and 18
|
|
|
|
|
274. Next step to identify viral cause of ASCUS on pap smear w/ and further management in a woman of age > 29 years is
|
Colposcopy > HPV DNA in bpsy
|
|
|
|
|
275. Wet prep of vaginal discharge from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis; ectocervical erythema ("strawberry cervix") should reveal
|
motile tissue flagellate
|
|
|
|
|
276. Gram stain of vaginal discharge w/ fishy odor from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis but no erythema and normal cervix should reveal
|
SECs stippled with Gram- variable organisms.
|
|
|
|
|
277. Pathology of bacterial vagisnosis is overgrowth (in vagina) of anaerobic Mobiluncus species and
|
Gardnerella vaginalis
|
|
|
|
|
278. DOC of bacterial vaginosis is
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
|
|
279. Wet prep of curdy discharge (no odor), adhering to vaginal walls, from a pregnant woman w/ recent UTI, who now has severe vaginal pruritis; vulvovaginal area - erythematous should reveal
|
budding yeasts with pseudohyphae
|
|
|
|
|
280. Normal commensal of skin, GI & GU tracts; endogenous overgrowth of budding yeast, capable of >10 diseases. TOW?
|
Candida albicans
|
|
|
|
|
281. Mechanism of action of a po DOC of vulvovaginal candidiasis is
|
blocks C14α-lanosterol demethylase
|
|
|
|
|
282. Hx of flu-like illness, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash in a bisexual man. Lab: lymphopenia and transaminase elevations; monospot/all serology (-). TOW?
|
Acute retroviral syndrome
|
|
|
|
|
283. Time from infection (acquisition) to acute seroconversion detected by HIV serology (ELISA/ WBlot) is
|
6-12 weeks.
|
|
284. Hx of mononucleosis-like illness and lymphadenopathy in a man who has sex w men. Serology (-). What is HIV viral load?
|
>10,000 copies/ml
|
|
|
|
|
285. Host-cell receptor for HIV-1 infection
|
CD4
|
|
|
|
|
286. Homozygous for deletions in what gene renders resistance to infection and some protection against progression.
|
CCR5
|
|
|
|
|
287. Host cells that trap HIV and mediate the efficient transinfection of CD4+ T cells are
|
Dendritic cells
|
|
|
|
|
288. A man, who practices “sex with another man”, has antibodies to HIV (ELISA and WB) but asymptomatic. TOW?
|
Clinical latency
|
|
|
|
|
289. What happens to HIV-1 virus when acute retroviral syndrome progresses to clinical latency?
|
Virus continues to replicate low level.
|
|
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Wasting syndrome due to HIV infection"
|
CD4+ < 200/μL
|
|
291. A man with HIV infection has chronic diarrhea, oral thrush + toxoplasma encephalitis. Most likely CD4+ count is
|
< 50 cells/μL.
|
|
|
|
|
292. Most common cause of HIV- associated peripheral skin or mucosal ulcers
|
HSV-1 (>> Histo > CMV > VZV > Syphilis)
|
|
|
|
|
293. Most common cause of HIV- associated nodules (neoplasia)?
|
HHV-8 (aka KSHV)
|
|
294. Hx of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, night sweats, dry persistent cough w/ SOB and weight loss in a man with AIDS. Lab: PPD (-); blood culture (+) for AFB. TOW?
|
Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare (MAI) complex (aka: MAC)
|
|
|
|
|
295. Common cause of retinitis, viral pneumonitis or esophagitis in AIDS
|
CMV
|
|
|
|
|
296. Cases of CMV disease occur with immunosuppression level
|
CD4< 50
|
|
|
|
|
297. Cytopathology of CMV infected tissue is characterized by large cells with these features
|
nuclear (Cowdry owl’s eye) and cytoplasmic inclusions
|
|
|
|
|
298. Hx of progressive CNS dz in a pt w/ AIDS: hemiparesis, visual, ataxia, aphasia, cranial nerves, sensory. Head MRI: ring- enhancing lesions. Toxo antibody (-). TOW?
|
JC virus
|
|
|
|
|
299. Definitive indication for initial HAART is CD4+ count?
|
350/mm3.
|
|
|
|
|
300. Objective of ARV Tx is to reduce viremia to what level of genomic RNA/mL
|
< 50 copies RNA/mL.
|
|
|
|
|
301. Initial regimen of anti-retroviral therapy is
|
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz
|
|
|
|
|
302. Abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
NRTIs
|
|
|
|
|
303. Efavirenz, nevirapine belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
NNRTIs
|
|
|
|
|
304. Atazanavir, Lopinavir, Saquinavir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
Protease inhibitors
|
|
|
|
|
305. This drug binds to gp41 and prevents conformational change required for viral fusion and entry into cells.
|
enfuvirtide
|
|
|
|
|
306. This drug inhibits integrase, responsible for insertion of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome.
|
raltegravir
|
|
|
|
|
307. A man has AIDS and CD4 <200cells/μL or thrush. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
TMP-SMX (for PCP)
|
|
|
|
|
308. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + pos toxo IgG. Chemoprophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
TMP-SMX (for Toxoplasma encephalitis)
|
|
|
|
|
309. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + PPD >5mm induration. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
INH + pyridoxine
|
|
|
|
|
310. A man has AIDS and CD4 <50. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
azithromycin (for MAC)
|
|
|
|
|
311. Hx of fever, a pustule at a cat scratch site, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in a pt w/ AIDS. Warthin-Starry stain tissue (+). TOW (clue: bacillary angiomatosis)?
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
|
|
|
312. Leading causes of congenital infections are
|
"ToRCH3eS-List
|
|
|
|
|
313. Cause of severe CNS sequelae, chorioretinitis, systemic disease in a neonate (mom at pregnancy had mono-like illness after eating undercooked beef or pork or exposure to oöcysts in cat feces) is
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
|
|
314. Drug for pregnant woman in first trimester to prevent transmission if mother seroconverts is
|
Spiramycin
|
|
|
|
|
315. Hx of deafness, cataracts, heart defects, or microcephaly in a child (of a seronegative, caregiver mom, exposed to “Blueberry muffin baby” in 1st trimester). TOW?
|
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
|
|
|
|
|
316. Dx of CRS usually with positive anti-rubella antibody type?
|
IgM
|
|
|
|
|
317. Microcephaly, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss, feeding difficulties, petechial rash, hepatosplenomegaly, or jaundice in a neonate. PCR of any body fluid should yield
|
CMV
|
|
|
|
|
318. After primary infection, CMV, characterized as enveloped dsDNA betaherpesvirus; establishes
|
lifelong latency
|
|
|
|
|
319. Hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections in a neonate w/ low CD4+ counts. Woman before birthing should have received
|
Nevirapine
|
|
|
|
|
320. Cause of vesicular skin lesions + conjunctivitis in a child (asymptomatic at birth)
|
HSV-2
|
|
|
|
|
321. Hx of cutaneous lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, saddle nose, and saber shins. Hutchinson teeth, + CN VIII deafness in a neonate (mom is a prostitute). TOW?
|
3o syphilis
|
|
|
|
|
322. Neonatal septicemia or meningitis (mom had flu-like Sx and ate imported cheese during pregnancy). TOW?
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
247. Genital chancre begins as a papule, ulcerates to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer. TOW?
|
primary syphilis
|
|
248. Cause of genital chancre, begining as a papule, ulcerating to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer.
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
249. A pen-allergy, non-pregnant, female pt w/ fever, "copper penny" macular lesions on the palms or soles; RPR(+) should be
|
Doxycycline (secondary syphilis)
|
|
250. Management choice of tabes dorsalis (10-20yrs), iritis, uveitis, or Argyll-Robertson pupils in a pregnant woman w/ pen allergy; RPR(+) is
|
Desensitization
|
|
251. Hx of painful clustered vesicles with an erythematous base; urinary retention in a woman w multiple sex partners. TOW?
|
HSV-2 >> 1
|
|
252. Giemsa stain of fluid from a herpetic lesion should reveal
|
Multinucleated giant cells
|
|
253. Patient with genital herpes does not respond to acyclovir because pt is infected with
|
thymidine kinase deficient HSV
|
|
254. A pregnant woman with 1o symptomatic HSV-2 infection is at risk of her baby developing
|
neonatal (congenital) herpes
|
|
255. Cause of painful genital ulcers; purulent, grey base; painful inguinal adenitis, in a sexually promiscuous man
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
256. Fastidious organism in the infiltrate of the penile ulcer, co-localized with neutrophils and fibrin, in a pt w/ chancroid is
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
257. All sex partners of pt with chancroid, regardless of symptoms, should be examined and treated with
|
Azythromycin > ceftriaxone
|
|
258. Most common cause of mucopurulent endocervical exudate (Gram stain non revealing) in a woman w multiple sex partners
|
Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
|
|
259. Dx of mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria, penile pruritis is based on
|
NAAT of urethral specimen or urine (+)
|
|
260. DOC of most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis
|
Azythromycin > doxycycline
|
|
261. Cause of rare genital ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy [cytology(-) for multi-nucleated giant cells; RPR (-)] in men is
|
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
|
|
262. Hx of systemic Sx/Sn w/ cervical motion tenderness in a woman with turbo-ovarian abscess. TOW?
|
PID
|
|
263. Cause of mucopurulent urethritis, dysuria, penile pruritis [Smear (+):Gram-negative diplococci co-populated w/ PMNs] is
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
264. Deficiency in serum factors in a female pt w/ frequent gonorrhea and DGIs is
|
C6-C9
|
|
265. Immune evasion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in frequent mucosal infection is due to
|
Antigenic variation of pili.
|
|
266. Auxotrophic strains of N. gonorrhoeae with serum (complements) resistance are likely to cause
|
Septic arthritis (aka: DGI)
|
|
267. Most frequent complication of gonococcal (GC) infection in men
|
Epididymitis
|
|
268. Cause of "bull headed clap", urethral stricture, prostatitis is
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
269. Urethritis is treated with ceftriaxone + azythromycin because
|
Concurrent GC + Chlamydia
|
|
270. An older woman with PID and tubo-ovarian abscess receives ceftriaxone, azythromycin, and metronidazole because
|
Polymicrobic (endogenous) infection
|
|
271. Cause of anogenital warts w/ histology (+): koilocytes is
|
HPV 6 and 11
|
|
272. Cause of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear w/ no clinical signs of infection is
|
HPV 16 and 18
|
|
273. Cause of koilocytotic cells and possible progression to squamous cell carcinoma
|
HPV 16 and 18
|
|
274. Next step to identify viral cause of ASCUS on pap smear w/ and further management in a woman of age > 29 years is
|
Colposcopy > HPV DNA in bpsy
|
|
275. Wet prep of vaginal discharge from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis; ectocervical erythema ("strawberry cervix") should reveal
|
motile tissue flagellate
|
|
276. Gram stain of vaginal discharge w/ fishy odor from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis but no erythema and normal cervix should reveal
|
SECs stippled with Gram- variable organisms.
|
|
277. Pathology of bacterial vagisnosis is overgrowth (in vagina) of anaerobic Mobiluncus species and
|
Gardnerella vaginalis
|
|
278. DOC of bacterial vaginosis is
|
metronidazole
|
|
279. Wet prep of curdy discharge (no odor), adhering to vaginal walls, from a pregnant woman w/ recent UTI, who now has severe vaginal pruritis; vulvovaginal area - erythematous should reveal
|
budding yeasts with pseudohyphae
|
|
280. Normal commensal of skin, GI & GU tracts; endogenous overgrowth of budding yeast, capable of >10 diseases. TOW?
|
Candida albicans
|
|
281. Mechanism of action of a po DOC of vulvovaginal candidiasis is
|
blocks C14α-lanosterol demethylase
|
|
282. Hx of flu-like illness, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash in a bisexual man. Lab: lymphopenia and transaminase elevations; monospot/all serology (-). TOW?
|
Acute retroviral syndrome
|
|
283. Time from infection (acquisition) to acute seroconversion detected by HIV serology (ELISA/ WBlot) is
|
6-12 weeks.
|
|
284. Hx of mononucleosis-like illness and lymphadenopathy in a man who has sex w men. Serology (-). What is HIV viral load?
|
>10,000 copies/ml
|
|
285. Host-cell receptor for HIV-1 infection
|
CD4
|
|
286. Homozygous for deletions in what gene renders resistance to infection and some protection against progression.
|
CCR5
|
|
287. Host cells that trap HIV and mediate the efficient transinfection of CD4+ T cells are
|
Dendritic cells
|
|
288. A man, who practices “sex with another man”, has antibodies to HIV (ELISA and WB) but asymptomatic. TOW?
|
Clinical latency
|
|
289. What happens to HIV-1 virus when acute retroviral syndrome progresses to clinical latency?
|
Virus continues to replicate low level.
|
|
290. A man who practices “sex with another man”, is now HIV-1 serology (+) and has dual symptomatic infections/cancer (any two from below). Expected CD4+ count is:
Candidiasis, esophageal, bronchi, trachea, or lungs Cervical cancer, invasive Coccidioidomycosis, extrapulmonary Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with vision loss) Encephalopathy, HIV-related Herpes simplex - Chronic ulcers Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (duration >1 mo) Kaposi sarcoma Lymphoma, Burkitt Lymphoma, primary, of the brain Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii infection, extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) Pneumocystis pneumonia Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Wasting syndrome due to HIV infection |
CD4+ < 200/μL
|
|
291. A man with HIV infection has chronic diarrhea, oral thrush + toxoplasma encephalitis. Most likely CD4+ count is
|
< 50 cells/μL.
|
|
292. Most common cause of HIV- associated peripheral skin or mucosal ulcers
|
HSV-1 (>> Histo > CMV > VZV > Syphilis)
|
|
293. Most common cause of HIV- associated nodules (neoplasia)?
|
HHV-8 (aka KSHV)
|
|
294. Hx of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, night sweats, dry persistent cough w/ SOB and weight loss in a man with AIDS. Lab: PPD (-); blood culture (+) for AFB. TOW?
|
Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare (MAI) complex (aka: MAC)
|
|
295. Common cause of retinitis, viral pneumonitis or esophagitis in AIDS
|
CMV
|
|
296. Cases of CMV disease occur with immunosuppression level
|
CD4< 50
|
|
297. Cytopathology of CMV infected tissue is characterized by large cells with these features
|
nuclear (Cowdry owl’s eye) and cytoplasmic inclusions
|
|
298. Hx of progressive CNS dz in a pt w/ AIDS: hemiparesis, visual, ataxia, aphasia, cranial nerves, sensory. Head MRI: ring- enhancing lesions. Toxo antibody (-). TOW?
|
JC virus
|
|
299. Definitive indication for initial HAART is CD4+ count?
|
350/mm3.
|
|
300. Objective of ARV Tx is to reduce viremia to what level of genomic RNA/mL
|
< 50 copies RNA/mL.
|
|
301. Initial regimen of anti-retroviral therapy is
|
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz
|
|
302. Abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
NRTIs
|
|
303. Efavirenz, nevirapine belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
NNRTIs
|
|
304. Atazanavir, Lopinavir, Saquinavir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
|
Protease inhibitors
|
|
305. This drug binds to gp41 and prevents conformational change required for viral fusion and entry into cells.
|
enfuvirtide
|
|
306. This drug inhibits integrase, responsible for insertion of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome.
|
raltegravir
|
|
307. A man has AIDS and CD4 <200cells/μL or thrush. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
TMP-SMX (for PCP)
|
|
308. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + pos toxo IgG. Chemoprophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
TMP-SMX (for Toxoplasma encephalitis)
|
|
309. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + PPD >5mm induration. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
INH + pyridoxine
|
|
310. A man has AIDS and CD4 <50. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
|
azithromycin (for MAC)
|
|
311. Hx of fever, a pustule at a cat scratch site, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in a pt w/ AIDS. Warthin-Starry stain tissue (+). TOW (clue: bacillary angiomatosis)?
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
312. Leading causes of congenital infections are
|
ToRCH3eS-List
To = Toxoplasma gondii R = Rubella C = CMV H = HSV-2 H = HIV H = HBV S = Syphilis List = Listeria monocytogenes |
|
313. Cause of severe CNS sequelae, chorioretinitis, systemic disease in a neonate (mom at pregnancy had mono-like illness after eating undercooked beef or pork or exposure to oöcysts in cat feces) is
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
314. Drug for pregnant woman in first trimester to prevent transmission if mother seroconverts is
|
Spiramycin
|
|
315. Hx of deafness, cataracts, heart defects, or microcephaly in a child (of a seronegative, caregiver mom, exposed to “Blueberry muffin baby” in 1st trimester). TOW?
|
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
|
|
316. Dx of CRS usually with positive anti-rubella antibody type?
|
IgM
|
|
317. Microcephaly, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss, feeding difficulties, petechial rash, hepatosplenomegaly, or jaundice in a neonate. PCR of any body fluid should yield
|
CMV
|
|
318. After primary infection, CMV, characterized as enveloped dsDNA betaherpesvirus; establishes
|
lifelong latency
|
|
319. Hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections in a neonate w/ low CD4+ counts. Woman before birthing should have received
|
Nevirapine
|
|
320. Cause of vesicular skin lesions + conjunctivitis in a child (asymptomatic at birth)
|
HSV-2
|
|
321. Hx of cutaneous lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, saddle nose, and saber shins. Hutchinson teeth, + CN VIII deafness in a neonate (mom is a prostitute). TOW?
|
3o syphilis
|
|
322. Neonatal septicemia or meningitis (mom had flu-like Sx and ate imported cheese during pregnancy). TOW?
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|