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219 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
247. Genital chancre begins as a papule, ulcerates to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer. TOW?
primary syphilis
248. Cause of genital chancre, begining as a papule, ulcerating to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer.
Treponema pallidum
249. A pen-allergy, non-pregnant, female pt w/ fever, "copper penny" macular lesions on the palms or soles; RPR(+) should be
Doxycycline (secondary syphilis)
250. Management choice of tabes dorsalis (10-20yrs), iritis, uveitis, or Argyll-Robertson pupils in a pregnant woman w/ pen allergy; RPR(+) is
Desensitization
251. Hx of painful clustered vesicles with an erythematous base; urinary retention in a woman w multiple sex partners. TOW?
HSV-2 >> 1
252. Giemsa stain of fluid from a herpetic lesion should reveal
Multinucleated giant cells
253. Patient with genital herpes does not respond to acyclovir because pt is infected with
thymidine kinase deficient HSV
254. A pregnant woman with 1o symptomatic HSV-2 infection is at risk of her baby developing
neonatal (congenital) herpes
255. Cause of painful genital ulcers; purulent, grey base; painful inguinal adenitis, in a sexually promiscuous man
Haemophilus ducreyi
256. Fastidious organism in the infiltrate of the penile ulcer, co-localized with neutrophils and fibrin, in a pt w/ chancroid is
Haemophilus ducreyi
257. All sex partners of pt with chancroid, regardless of symptoms, should be examined and treated with
Azythromycin > ceftriaxone
258. Most common cause of mucopurulent endocervical exudate (Gram stain non revealing) in a woman w multiple sex partners
Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
259. Dx of mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria, penile pruritis is based on
NAAT of urethral specimen or urine (+)
260. DOC of most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis
Azythromycin > doxycycline
261. Cause of rare genital ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy [cytology(-) for multi-nucleated giant cells; RPR (-)] in men is
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
262. Hx of systemic Sx/Sn w/ cervical motion tenderness in a woman with turbo-ovarian abscess. TOW?
PID
263. Cause of mucopurulent urethritis, dysuria, penile pruritis [Smear (+):Gram-negative diplococci co-populated w/ PMNs] is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
264. Deficiency in serum factors in a female pt w/ frequent gonorrhea and DGIs is
C6-C9
265. Immune evasion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in frequent mucosal infection is due to
Antigenic variation of pili.
266. Auxotrophic strains of N. gonorrhoeae with serum (complements) resistance are likely to cause
Septic arthritis (aka: DGI)
267. Most frequent complication of gonococcal (GC) infection in men
Epididymitis
268. Cause of "bull headed clap", urethral stricture, prostatitis is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
269. Urethritis is treated with ceftriaxone + azythromycin because
Concurrent GC + Chlamydia
270. An older woman with PID and tubo-ovarian abscess receives ceftriaxone, azythromycin, and metronidazole because
Polymicrobic (endogenous) infection
271. Cause of anogenital warts w/ histology (+): koilocytes is
HPV 6 and 11
272. Cause of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear w/ no clinical signs of infection is
HPV 16 and 18
273. Cause of koilocytotic cells and possible progression to squamous cell carcinoma
HPV 16 and 18
274. Next step to identify viral cause of ASCUS on pap smear w/ and further management in a woman of age > 29 years is
Colposcopy > HPV DNA in bpsy
275. Wet prep of vaginal discharge from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis; ectocervical erythema ("strawberry cervix") should reveal
motile tissue flagellate
276. Gram stain of vaginal discharge w/ fishy odor from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis but no erythema and normal cervix should reveal
SECs stippled with Gram- variable organisms.
277. Pathology of bacterial vagisnosis is overgrowth (in vagina) of anaerobic Mobiluncus species and
Gardnerella vaginalis
278. DOC of bacterial vaginosis is
metronidazole
279. Wet prep of curdy discharge (no odor), adhering to vaginal walls, from a pregnant woman w/ recent UTI, who now has severe vaginal pruritis; vulvovaginal area - erythematous should reveal
budding yeasts with pseudohyphae
280. Normal commensal of skin, GI & GU tracts; endogenous overgrowth of budding yeast, capable of >10 diseases. TOW?
Candida albicans
281. Mechanism of action of a po DOC of vulvovaginal candidiasis is
blocks C14α-lanosterol demethylase
282. Hx of flu-like illness, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash in a bisexual man. Lab: lymphopenia and transaminase elevations; monospot/all serology (-). TOW?
Acute retroviral syndrome
283. Time from infection (acquisition) to acute seroconversion detected by HIV serology (ELISA/ WBlot) is
6-12 weeks.
284. Hx of mononucleosis-like illness and lymphadenopathy in a man who has sex w men. Serology (-). What is HIV viral load?
>10,000 copies/ml
285. Host-cell receptor for HIV-1 infection
CD4
286. Homozygous for deletions in what gene renders resistance to infection and some protection against progression.
CCR5
287. Host cells that trap HIV and mediate the efficient transinfection of CD4+ T cells are
Dendritic cells
288. A man, who practices “sex with another man”, has antibodies to HIV (ELISA and WB) but asymptomatic. TOW?
Clinical latency
289. What happens to HIV-1 virus when acute retroviral syndrome progresses to clinical latency?
Virus continues to replicate low level.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Wasting syndrome due to HIV infection"
CD4+ < 200/μL
291. A man with HIV infection has chronic diarrhea, oral thrush + toxoplasma encephalitis. Most likely CD4+ count is
< 50 cells/μL.
292. Most common cause of HIV- associated peripheral skin or mucosal ulcers
HSV-1 (>> Histo > CMV > VZV > Syphilis)
293. Most common cause of HIV- associated nodules (neoplasia)?
HHV-8 (aka KSHV)
294. Hx of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, night sweats, dry persistent cough w/ SOB and weight loss in a man with AIDS. Lab: PPD (-); blood culture (+) for AFB. TOW?
Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare (MAI) complex (aka: MAC)
295. Common cause of retinitis, viral pneumonitis or esophagitis in AIDS
CMV
296. Cases of CMV disease occur with immunosuppression level
CD4< 50
297. Cytopathology of CMV infected tissue is characterized by large cells with these features
nuclear (Cowdry owl’s eye) and cytoplasmic inclusions
298. Hx of progressive CNS dz in a pt w/ AIDS: hemiparesis, visual, ataxia, aphasia, cranial nerves, sensory. Head MRI: ring- enhancing lesions. Toxo antibody (-). TOW?
JC virus
299. Definitive indication for initial HAART is CD4+ count?
350/mm3.
300. Objective of ARV Tx is to reduce viremia to what level of genomic RNA/mL
< 50 copies RNA/mL.
301. Initial regimen of anti-retroviral therapy is
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz
302. Abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
NRTIs
303. Efavirenz, nevirapine belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
NNRTIs
304. Atazanavir, Lopinavir, Saquinavir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
Protease inhibitors
305. This drug binds to gp41 and prevents conformational change required for viral fusion and entry into cells.
enfuvirtide
306. This drug inhibits integrase, responsible for insertion of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome.
raltegravir
307. A man has AIDS and CD4 <200cells/μL or thrush. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
TMP-SMX (for PCP)
308. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + pos toxo IgG. Chemoprophylaxis needed besides HAART is
TMP-SMX (for Toxoplasma encephalitis)
309. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + PPD >5mm induration. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
INH + pyridoxine
310. A man has AIDS and CD4 <50. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
azithromycin (for MAC)
311. Hx of fever, a pustule at a cat scratch site, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in a pt w/ AIDS. Warthin-Starry stain tissue (+). TOW (clue: bacillary angiomatosis)?
Bartonella henselae
312. Leading causes of congenital infections are
"ToRCH3eS-List
313. Cause of severe CNS sequelae, chorioretinitis, systemic disease in a neonate (mom at pregnancy had mono-like illness after eating undercooked beef or pork or exposure to oöcysts in cat feces) is
Toxoplasma gondii
314. Drug for pregnant woman in first trimester to prevent transmission if mother seroconverts is
Spiramycin
315. Hx of deafness, cataracts, heart defects, or microcephaly in a child (of a seronegative, caregiver mom, exposed to “Blueberry muffin baby” in 1st trimester). TOW?
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
316. Dx of CRS usually with positive anti-rubella antibody type?
IgM
317. Microcephaly, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss, feeding difficulties, petechial rash, hepatosplenomegaly, or jaundice in a neonate. PCR of any body fluid should yield
CMV
318. After primary infection, CMV, characterized as enveloped dsDNA betaherpesvirus; establishes
lifelong latency
319. Hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections in a neonate w/ low CD4+ counts. Woman before birthing should have received
Nevirapine
320. Cause of vesicular skin lesions + conjunctivitis in a child (asymptomatic at birth)
HSV-2
321. Hx of cutaneous lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, saddle nose, and saber shins. Hutchinson teeth, + CN VIII deafness in a neonate (mom is a prostitute). TOW?
3o syphilis
322. Neonatal septicemia or meningitis (mom had flu-like Sx and ate imported cheese during pregnancy). TOW?
Listeria monocytogenes
247. Genital chancre begins as a papule, ulcerates to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer. TOW?
primary syphilis
248. Cause of genital chancre, begining as a papule, ulcerating to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer.
Treponema pallidum
249. A pen-allergy, non-pregnant, female pt w/ fever, "copper penny" macular lesions on the palms or soles; RPR(+) should be
Doxycycline (secondary syphilis)
250. Management choice of tabes dorsalis (10-20yrs), iritis, uveitis, or Argyll-Robertson pupils in a pregnant woman w/ pen allergy; RPR(+) is
Desensitization
251. Hx of painful clustered vesicles with an erythematous base; urinary retention in a woman w multiple sex partners. TOW?
HSV-2 >> 1
252. Giemsa stain of fluid from a herpetic lesion should reveal
Multinucleated giant cells
253. Patient with genital herpes does not respond to acyclovir because pt is infected with
thymidine kinase deficient HSV
254. A pregnant woman with 1o symptomatic HSV-2 infection is at risk of her baby developing
neonatal (congenital) herpes
255. Cause of painful genital ulcers; purulent, grey base; painful inguinal adenitis, in a sexually promiscuous man
Haemophilus ducreyi
256. Fastidious organism in the infiltrate of the penile ulcer, co-localized with neutrophils and fibrin, in a pt w/ chancroid is
Haemophilus ducreyi
257. All sex partners of pt with chancroid, regardless of symptoms, should be examined and treated with
Azythromycin > ceftriaxone
258. Most common cause of mucopurulent endocervical exudate (Gram stain non revealing) in a woman w multiple sex partners
Chlamydia trachomatis D-K
259. Dx of mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria, penile pruritis is based on
NAAT of urethral specimen or urine (+)
260. DOC of most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis
Azythromycin > doxycycline
261. Cause of rare genital ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy [cytology(-) for multi-nucleated giant cells; RPR (-)] in men is
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3
262. Hx of systemic Sx/Sn w/ cervical motion tenderness in a woman with turbo-ovarian abscess. TOW?
PID
263. Cause of mucopurulent urethritis, dysuria, penile pruritis [Smear (+):Gram-negative diplococci co-populated w/ PMNs] is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
264. Deficiency in serum factors in a female pt w/ frequent gonorrhea and DGIs is
C6-C9
265. Immune evasion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in frequent mucosal infection is due to
Antigenic variation of pili.
266. Auxotrophic strains of N. gonorrhoeae with serum (complements) resistance are likely to cause
Septic arthritis (aka: DGI)
267. Most frequent complication of gonococcal (GC) infection in men
Epididymitis
268. Cause of "bull headed clap", urethral stricture, prostatitis is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
269. Urethritis is treated with ceftriaxone + azythromycin because
Concurrent GC + Chlamydia
270. An older woman with PID and tubo-ovarian abscess receives ceftriaxone, azythromycin, and metronidazole because
Polymicrobic (endogenous) infection
271. Cause of anogenital warts w/ histology (+): koilocytes is
HPV 6 and 11
272. Cause of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear w/ no clinical signs of infection is
HPV 16 and 18
273. Cause of koilocytotic cells and possible progression to squamous cell carcinoma
HPV 16 and 18
274. Next step to identify viral cause of ASCUS on pap smear w/ and further management in a woman of age > 29 years is
Colposcopy > HPV DNA in bpsy
275. Wet prep of vaginal discharge from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis; ectocervical erythema ("strawberry cervix") should reveal
motile tissue flagellate
276. Gram stain of vaginal discharge w/ fishy odor from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis but no erythema and normal cervix should reveal
SECs stippled with Gram- variable organisms.
277. Pathology of bacterial vagisnosis is overgrowth (in vagina) of anaerobic Mobiluncus species and
Gardnerella vaginalis
278. DOC of bacterial vaginosis is
metronidazole
279. Wet prep of curdy discharge (no odor), adhering to vaginal walls, from a pregnant woman w/ recent UTI, who now has severe vaginal pruritis; vulvovaginal area - erythematous should reveal
budding yeasts with pseudohyphae
280. Normal commensal of skin, GI & GU tracts; endogenous overgrowth of budding yeast, capable of >10 diseases. TOW?
Candida albicans
281. Mechanism of action of a po DOC of vulvovaginal candidiasis is
blocks C14α-lanosterol demethylase
282. Hx of flu-like illness, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash in a bisexual man. Lab: lymphopenia and transaminase elevations; monospot/all serology (-). TOW?
Acute retroviral syndrome
283. Time from infection (acquisition) to acute seroconversion detected by HIV serology (ELISA/ WBlot) is
6-12 weeks.
284. Hx of mononucleosis-like illness and lymphadenopathy in a man who has sex w men. Serology (-). What is HIV viral load?
>10,000 copies/ml
285. Host-cell receptor for HIV-1 infection
CD4
286. Homozygous for deletions in what gene renders resistance to infection and some protection against progression.
CCR5
287. Host cells that trap HIV and mediate the efficient transinfection of CD4+ T cells are
Dendritic cells
288. A man, who practices “sex with another man”, has antibodies to HIV (ELISA and WB) but asymptomatic. TOW?
Clinical latency
289. What happens to HIV-1 virus when acute retroviral syndrome progresses to clinical latency?
Virus continues to replicate low level.
290. A man who practices “sex with another man”, is now HIV-1 serology (+) and has dual symptomatic infections/cancer (any two from below). Expected CD4+ count is:
Candidiasis, esophageal, bronchi, trachea, or lungs Cervical cancer, invasive
Coccidioidomycosis, extrapulmonary Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with vision loss) Encephalopathy, HIV-related
Herpes simplex - Chronic ulcers
Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (duration >1 mo) Kaposi sarcoma
Lymphoma, Burkitt
Lymphoma, primary, of the brain
Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium kansasii infection, extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Wasting syndrome due to HIV infection
CD4+ < 200/μL
291. A man with HIV infection has chronic diarrhea, oral thrush + toxoplasma encephalitis. Most likely CD4+ count is
< 50 cells/μL.
292. Most common cause of HIV- associated peripheral skin or mucosal ulcers
HSV-1 (>> Histo > CMV > VZV > Syphilis)
293. Most common cause of HIV- associated nodules (neoplasia)?
HHV-8 (aka KSHV)
294. Hx of fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, chills, night sweats, dry persistent cough w/ SOB and weight loss in a man with AIDS. Lab: PPD (-); blood culture (+) for AFB. TOW?
Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare (MAI) complex (aka: MAC)
295. Common cause of retinitis, viral pneumonitis or esophagitis in AIDS
CMV
296. Cases of CMV disease occur with immunosuppression level
CD4< 50
297. Cytopathology of CMV infected tissue is characterized by large cells with these features
nuclear (Cowdry owl’s eye) and cytoplasmic inclusions
298. Hx of progressive CNS dz in a pt w/ AIDS: hemiparesis, visual, ataxia, aphasia, cranial nerves, sensory. Head MRI: ring- enhancing lesions. Toxo antibody (-). TOW?
JC virus
299. Definitive indication for initial HAART is CD4+ count?
350/mm3.
300. Objective of ARV Tx is to reduce viremia to what level of genomic RNA/mL
< 50 copies RNA/mL.
301. Initial regimen of anti-retroviral therapy is
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz
302. Abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
NRTIs
303. Efavirenz, nevirapine belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
NNRTIs
304. Atazanavir, Lopinavir, Saquinavir belong to what class of antiretrovirals?
Protease inhibitors
305. This drug binds to gp41 and prevents conformational change required for viral fusion and entry into cells.
enfuvirtide
306. This drug inhibits integrase, responsible for insertion of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome.
raltegravir
307. A man has AIDS and CD4 <200cells/μL or thrush. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
TMP-SMX (for PCP)
308. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + pos toxo IgG. Chemoprophylaxis needed besides HAART is
TMP-SMX (for Toxoplasma encephalitis)
309. A man has AIDS and CD4 <100 + PPD >5mm induration. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
INH + pyridoxine
310. A man has AIDS and CD4 <50. Antibacterial prophylaxis needed besides HAART is
azithromycin (for MAC)
311. Hx of fever, a pustule at a cat scratch site, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in a pt w/ AIDS. Warthin-Starry stain tissue (+). TOW (clue: bacillary angiomatosis)?
Bartonella henselae
312. Leading causes of congenital infections are
ToRCH3eS-List
To = Toxoplasma gondii
R = Rubella C = CMV H = HSV-2 H = HIV
H = HBV
S = Syphilis
List = Listeria monocytogenes
313. Cause of severe CNS sequelae, chorioretinitis, systemic disease in a neonate (mom at pregnancy had mono-like illness after eating undercooked beef or pork or exposure to oöcysts in cat feces) is
Toxoplasma gondii
314. Drug for pregnant woman in first trimester to prevent transmission if mother seroconverts is
Spiramycin
315. Hx of deafness, cataracts, heart defects, or microcephaly in a child (of a seronegative, caregiver mom, exposed to “Blueberry muffin baby” in 1st trimester). TOW?
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
316. Dx of CRS usually with positive anti-rubella antibody type?
IgM
317. Microcephaly, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss, feeding difficulties, petechial rash, hepatosplenomegaly, or jaundice in a neonate. PCR of any body fluid should yield
CMV
318. After primary infection, CMV, characterized as enveloped dsDNA betaherpesvirus; establishes
lifelong latency
319. Hepatosplenomegaly, neurologic abnormalities, frequent infections in a neonate w/ low CD4+ counts. Woman before birthing should have received
Nevirapine
320. Cause of vesicular skin lesions + conjunctivitis in a child (asymptomatic at birth)
HSV-2
321. Hx of cutaneous lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, saddle nose, and saber shins. Hutchinson teeth, + CN VIII deafness in a neonate (mom is a prostitute). TOW?
3o syphilis
322. Neonatal septicemia or meningitis (mom had flu-like Sx and ate imported cheese during pregnancy). TOW?
Listeria monocytogenes